Suchergebnisse

The expectation that international organizations (IOs) can play a role in the resolution of violent conflict has spawned a process of institutional growth in the post-Second World War period. IOs at all levels have expanded existing instruments of conflict management and have gradually established new ones, such as mediation support units, early warning systems and standby military forces. Empirical research on this process has suffered from a lack of systematic, cross-temporal data. Seeking to rectify this weakness, this article introduces an original dataset on the institutional design of 21 peace-brokering IOs, organizations endowed with standing capabilities for conflict management interventions. The dataset contains yearly observations on 14 institutional variables during the 1945–2010 period, centered around three instruments of IO conflict management: mediation, economic sanctions and peacekeeping. It also includes observations on IO membership characteristics, power polarity and a set of security-related institutional features. This dataset provides scholars with a new source of variables for the study of institutional evolution, institutional heterogeneity and the impact of institutional characteristics on IO performance. A preliminary descriptive analysis shows that IOs display significant variation in terms of mandates, capabilities and rates of change. Using the data, I also perform a re-appraisal of an earlier study on IO dispute resolution, demonstrating the analytic benefits of having disaggregated measures of institutional design.

This thesis deals with the broad question of how Australian universities and their teachers are meeting the changing market conditions of the 21st century. This examination occurs in the context of changing legislative and regulatory circumstances and strategic efforts to meet the broader goals of 'graduate attributes' and increased accessibility of tertiary learning. The underlying query of this thesis is how technology can assist in transcending traditional models of higher education teaching delivery. Related to this is a focus on collaborative learning, with the question of its desirability and what it might offer in terms of improved outcomes relevant to teaching and learning in higher education. These questions are primarily discussed in the context of how online environments can aid collaboration and result in both discipline specific and generic outcomes. Through a case study of Australian International Relations (IR) and Politics teachers at the undergraduate level, this thesis finds that there has been limited innovation in the online delivery of these subjects and that there is little consistency in any e-learning approaches that have been adopted. In particular, collaborative online learning is infrequently pursued. This is surprising because in a climate of increasingly market-driven higher education, collaborative online tools may offer a solution to many of the pressures teaching academics face. These findings point to a significant gap between the strategic goals expressed by universities and what is actually being delivered to undergraduates. This includes meeting ambitions in 'graduate attributes', satisfying regulatory oversight, contending with financial pressures and the societal drive to make learning more accessible to a wider audience. The thesis also examines some of the barriers teaching staff feel prevent them from utilising online collaborative methods, including perceptions of time poverty, support, skills, institutional factors and peer experience. The findings indicate that teachers of IR/Politics feel little incentive to implement online collaborations, chiefly because of time constraints,but also a prevailing sense that such innovations are not worth their investment in terms of career advancement and institutional support. Unfamiliarity with the technology involved serves to exacerbate these perceptions to the point where investing any effort in the pursuit of online approaches is seen as wasteful. A theoretical Technology-Assisted Teaching Adoption Model is proposed as a means of demonstrating the barriers to innovation uncovered by this research. Finally, this thesis explores online role play as a possible solution to some of these barriers perceived by IR and Politics teachers, as well as how such an approach could address the market factors currently shaping Australian higher education. There is strong and consistent support within the literature for role play as a collaborative learning strategy with identified pedagogical benefits. In the disciplines of IR and Politics, where much of the subject matter being studied concerns the concept of people and entities communicating and co-operating, role plays can help generate deeper and broader understanding. The thesis concludes by making recommendations as to how Australian universities can move towards fostering online innovation amongst teaching staff, both to better meet institutional goals, as well as serve their students better by producing qualities conducive to their future careers.

Efforts to build stable states in Africa have often been conditioned by ideological and policy debates about the right approach for enhancing freedom and social wellbeing. Since independence, African countries have experimented with unorthodox variants of liberalism and socialism. However, neither of these has enhanced African states. This article examines the shift from orthodox neoliberalism in the international approach to state-building in Africa and raises questions about the feasibility of an international development approach that fuses neoliberalism with a human development approach. The article advances the notion of people-centered liberalism as the latest approach to international state-building in war-torn African countries. It uses the internationally-driven postwar reconstruction plans for Sierra Leone and Liberia to demonstrate people-centered liberalism.

ABSTRACTNearly all campuses are determining ways by which they could internationalize the curriculum to connect their campus with the world. While study abroad programs are quite common, a less used mechanism that makes this important connection is a global leadership program. At the University of Utah, one innovative program is the International Leadership Academy, which integrates globalization into a class that provides students with conceptual skills as they enter a global market. This article discusses the design and implementation of a program that connects globalization and leadership. The ILA not only prepares students to make use of the many international opportunities in Utah, but exposes them to competing theories and explanations of international leadership.

Hintergrund: Die konstant steigenden Prävalenzraten in der Adipositas machen es erforderlich, evidenzbasierte, umfassende Konzepte und Strategien zur Adipositasprävention zu liefern. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) weist auf die Notwendigkeit für ein unmittelbares, sektorübergreifendes Handeln auf allen Ebenen hin sowie die Notwendigkeit nach Innovation und neuer Forschung zur Erhöhung der Wirksamkeit von präventiven Maßnahmen im Bereich Ernährung und Bewegung. Ziel: Grundlagen für die Entwicklung einer umfassenden Adipositas-Präventionsstrategie für Österreich im Rahmen der 2006 verabschiedeten Europäischen Charta zur Bekämpfung von Adipositas der WHO. Methode: Systematische Literaturrecherchen erheben den internationalen Wissensstand für Zieldefinitionen und evidenzbasierte Maßnahmen, sowie für Evaluationskonzepte. Durchführung einer umfassenden Recherche wichtiger österreichischer Stakeholder sowie einer Gesetzesanalyse. Qualitative Leitfadeninterviews mit internationalen ExpertInnen haben zum Ziel, das Praxisfeld für die Strategieumsetzung zu erforschen sowie die Anschlussfähigkeit der internationalen Ergebnisse für Österreich zu prüfen. Resultate und Empfehlungen: Es muss nach internationalem Vorbild erreicht werden, dass weniger Menschen adipös werden, mehr übergewichtige und adipöse Menschen wieder ein gesundes Gewicht erhalten und auch bewahren. Der Schutz der Kinder und Jugendlichen vor aggressivem Marketing diverser Nahrungsmittel und Getränke und die Berücksichtigung veränderter Lebenswelten (Verhältnisprävention) stellen einen nächsten großen Zielbereich dar. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, muss in Österreich vor allem der politische Wille zur Finanzierung und Durchführung eines Gesamtkonzepts vorhanden sein. Alle Maßnahmen sind multidimensional und zielgruppenspezifisch anzulegen. Anreize zur Schaffung einer bewegungsfördernden Umwelt müssen gesetzt werden. Gesunde und abwechslungsreiche Nahrung und Getränke müssen für alle zugänglich sein. ; Introduction: The increasing prevalence rates in obesity make it necessary to deliver evidence based and comprehensive resolutions and strategies for obesity prevention. The World Health Organization (WHO) has stressed the need for an immediate multi-sectorial action at all levels and the need to search for innovation and new research on certain aspects of increasing the effectiveness of preventive measures regarding physical activity and nutrition. Objective: Basis for the development of a comprehensive obesity prevention strategy for Austria in the framework of the European Charter on Counteracting Obesity of WHO 2006.Methodology: Systematic literature research raises the international knowledge regarding physical activity and nutrition for effective action, goal definitions and concepts for evaluation. Research of stakeholders and a legislative analysis were conducted and qualitative semi structured interviews were led with international experts. The aim was to explore the practical field for the strategy development and its implementation and to examine the connectivity of the international results in Austria.Results and Conclusions: It must be achieved that fewer people are getting obese and have overweight and obese people going back to a healthy weight and keep that. The protection of children and young people from aggressive marketing and promotional activities for harmful foods and beverages, but also consideration of changing lifestyles (structural prevention) is a further big target area. To achieve these goals in Austria especially high political will is essential to fund and implement a comprehensive approach. All measures have to be multidimensional and have to focus on the different target groups. Incentives to create a physical activity enhancing environment must be set. Healthy and varied food and drinks must be available for all. ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Diss., 2012 ; OeBB ; (VLID)224588

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