Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Contemporary Constructivism and Its Usefulness in a Confucian Context -- Early Childhood Education in China: A Reevaluation of Confucianism and Constructivism -- A Hermeneutic Approach to a Theoretical Framework of Teachers' Constructivist Cocreation -- Chapter 2: Constructivism in Confucian Culture -- Thinking in a Chinese Way -- Constructivism and Confucianism -- Dewey, Confucius, and Tao Xingzhi -- Similarities -- Differences -- Implications for Cross-Cultural Learning Today -- Contemporary Constructivist Theories and Implications -- Flexible Teachers -- Prepared Environments -- Respectful Sociomoral Atmosphere -- The Chinese Context, The Guide, and Its Implementation -- Chapter 3: Constructivist Teaching in China Today -- Chinese Preschool and Kindergarten Teachers' Utilization of Constructivism -- Teacher Preference for Direct Teaching -- Etic Perspectives on the Prevalence of Direct Teaching -- Teacher Utilization of Constructivism -- Research Paradigm Shift -- Proprieties and Benevolence -- The Coherence of Theories and Practices -- Constructivist Teacher Education Theories and Implications -- Act I, Scene I: Active Learning -- Act I, Scene II: Heuristic Teaching -- Act I, Scene III: The Relationship Between Play and Learning -- Act II: DAP Versus Standards - An Example of Teachers' Practical Strategies -- Chinese Teacher Education Policies -- Conceptual Framework -- Chapter 4: A Hermeneutic Analysis of Chinese Teachers -- A Holistic Research Design -- Do Re Mi Youeryuan -- The Chinese Teachers -- Interviews, Observations, and Documents -- Interviews -- Observations -- Documents -- A Hermeneutic Analysis -- Preliminary Analysis -- Constant Comparative Analysis -- Hermeneutics -- Chapter 5: Flexibility and Balancing: Against the "Apprenticeship of Observation".

Comparing political communication : reorientation in a changing world / Barbara Pfetsch and Frank Esser -- Americanization, globalization, and secularization : understanding the convergence of media systems and political communication / Daniel C. Hallin and Paolo Mancini -- Transnational trends in political communication : conventional views and new realities / David L. Swanson -- Comparing mass communication systems : media formats, media contents, and media processes / Hans J. Kleinsteuber -- Designs and methods of comparative political communication research / Werner Wirth and Steffen Kolb -- Global political communication : good governance, human development, and mass communication / Pippa Norris -- Local political communication : media and local publics in the age of globalization / Sabine Lang -- Strategic political communication : mobilizing public opinion in "audience democracies" / Hanspeter Kriesi -- Political campaign communication : conditional convergence of modern media elections / Christina Holtz-Bacha -- Political communication and electronic democracy : American exceptionalism or global trend? / Thomas Zittel -- Political news journalists : partisanship, professionalism, and political roles in five countries / Wolfgang Donasbach and Thomas E. Patterson -- Political communication messages : pictures of our world on international television news / Patrick Rössler -- Political communication effects : the impact of mass media and personal conversations on voting / Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck -- State of the art of comparative political communication research : poised for maturity? / Michael Gurevitch and Jay G. Blumler -- From political culture to political communications culture : a theoretical approach to comparative analysis / Barbara Pfetsch -- Problems of comparative political communication research : culture as a key variable / Robert L. Stevenson -- Meeting the challenges of global communication and political integration : the significance of comparative research in a changing world / Frank Esser and Barbara Pfetsch.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the processes of cross-lingual, transnational, and crosscultural communication and interaction of world literary classics. The author argues that world literary classics are actually the result of the variation of the exchanges between various
"ethnic" literatures. Comparative literature is essentially a discipline of scholarly study of the synchronic developments of literature and culture. Although scholars have long recognized the perspective of variation in diachronic development, there has been less attention to
variation in synchronic development. The formation of world literary classics is also closely related to the synchronic development of literature. Thus, variation studies in comparative literature not only reveal the perspective of cultural innovation but also find creativity in the variation
of cultural and literary communication as well as innovation in the variation of literary interpretation.

I: Schools of Thought: Some Theoretical Observations -- Toward a Definition of Schools of Thought -- The Cognitive Divergence of Schools of Thought -- The Implications of the System of Cognitive Divergence -- Social Divergence -- Schools vs. Disciplines: Autonomy and Institutionalization -- Schools and the Legitimation of Scientific Results -- Schools in Academic Science -- The Dual Legitimation System -- Cognitive Consequences of the Dual Legitimation System -- Opportunities for Divergence: Center and Periphery -- Opportunities for Divergence: The Leader's Status -- Schools of Thought in Linguistics -- II: The Idea System of the Early Comparative Grammarians -- Early Comparative Grammarians: Philosophical and Theoretical Beliefs -- The Schleicherian Synthesis: To Save the Phenomena -- Linguistic Methodology Before 1870 -- III: Linguistics at the German University -- The Idea of Higher Education and the Growth of Linguistics -- The Organization of Teaching and Research -- Linguistics and Philology: Modes of Institutionalization -- IV: The Neogrammarian Doctrine -- The Neogrammarian Inheritance: Linguistic Methodology -- A Method in Search of a Theory -- V: The Neogrammarian Revolution From Above -- The Problem -- A School of Thought as a Bid for Scientific Authority -- The Institutional Setting -- The Neogrammarian "Revolution from Above" -- Cognitive Repercussions of Institutional Changes -- VI: The Idealist Reaction -- Causality and Explanation in Linguistics: the Denial of Science -- Language as Art and the Idea of Linguistic Study -- The Denial of Linguistics: Neo-Idealists and the Crisis of Learning -- VII: Saussure's Revolution From Within -- The Road to Synchrony: Overdetermination and Its Obstacles -- The Construction of a Linguistic Fact -- Structuralism: Language as an Autonomous Object -- VIII: Schools on the Periphery -- Saussure as a Marginal Man? -- Linguistics on the Periphery -- IX: Conclusions -- Notes and References.

This book, part of the "Ideas in Context" series printed under the editorship of intellectual historian Quentin Skinner, is an important contribution to the better understanding of Emile Durkheim's sociology and social philosophy.

David Bain Horn and his works on the history of diplomatic relations in eighteenth-century Europe became the object of research presented in this paper. The paper is a summary of the main facts of the biography and a historiographical review of the works of this famous British historian. The bibliography of D.B. Horn is presented in chronological order. The author of the paper examines how the Russian-British relations are represented in his research and concludes that they are considered in their relationship with the diplomatic relations of European powers. The paper describes facts and events rarely or not presented in Russian historiography. The comparative analysis used in the paper allows us to assess the views of D.B. Horn on the relations between Britain and Russia in the XVIII century.

The philosophy of US educ is that every educable person should have the opportunity to choose freely & pursue the course of studies he believes best suited to his individual goals & purposes. This philosophy is generally extended to foreign students who come from abroad to study in the US. Such a philosophy does not take into account, however, the cultural & technological diff's between the US & the underdeveloped areas of the world, from which over half the foreign students in the US come. When students from abroad, no matter how able, pursue courses which prepare them for careers which are useless & unavailable in their own countries, they return home only to become frustrated & discontented. The US should, perhaps, exercise some control over the fields which students from other countries pursue. Such control would represent an abridgement of the US philosophy of educ, but, judiciously exercised, the comparative usefulness of the training & skills acquired in the US would be vastly increased. Practically, the US Gov should reach mutually satisfactory understandings with other Gov's as to who should come & for what purposes & should gain the cooperation of US U's for better defined participation in the international educ'al exchange program. AA.

THIS PAPER WILL DEMONSTRATE HOW THE POLITICAL CULTURE APPROACH CAN AID STUDENTS OF COMPARATIVE HEALTH CARE IN DESCRIBING AND EXPLAINING SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH CARE POLICY AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS BETWEEN AND WITHIN NATIONS.

"The economic crisis that began in 2008 has underscored the impact not only of embedded and assumed ways of managing the economy, but also that present circumstances are the product of a long period of experimentation and bounded diversity; it is understanding the nature of both that forms a central concern of this collection. This book redefines, develops and extends the emerging literature on internal diversity within varieties of capitalism, and the extent to which such internal systemic diversity goes beyond mere diffuseness to represent the coexistence of different logics of action within both liberal market and more cooperative varieties of capitalism. The collection is based on new, fresh material, from leading scholars in the field. The contributors come from a variety of perspectives within the broad socio-economic literature on institutions, and yet they all focus on the limitations of current institutional fixes, and the protracted and durable nature of the current crisis, which, the editors suggest, reflect profound changes in input costs and the utilization of technology. What characterizes this common ground is an inherent pragmatism, combined with an increasing sophistication in the usage of analytical concepts; illustrating the progression since the early work on comparative capitalism in the late 1990s and early 2000s. This book should be an invaluable resource for students and researchers of economic theory and philosophy as well as political economics and socio-economics."--

This volume examines cases of accommodation and recognition of minority practices: cultural, religious, ethnic, linguistic or otherwise, under state law. The collection presents selected situations and experiences from a variety of regions and from different legal traditions around the world in which diverse societal stakeholders and political actors have engaged in processes leading to the elaboration of creative, innovative and, to a certain extent, sustainable solutions via accommodative laws or practices. Representing multiple disciplines and methodologies and written by esteemed scholars, the work analyses the pitfalls and successes of such accommodative practices, presenting insights into how solutions could or could not be achieved. The chapters address the sustainability and transferability of such solutions in order to further the dialogue in both scholarly and policy spheres. The book will be essential reading for academics, researchers, and policy-makers in the areas of minority rights, legal anthropology, law and religion, legal philosophy, and law and migration.

Рассматривается проблема взаимодействия политики и философии в решении вопросов управления обществом и государством. В ходе анализа истории вопроса выделены два противоположных подхода к оценке отношения власти к философии: софократический (учение Платона) и технократический (концепция К. Поппера). Синтезом этих крайностей является точка зрения, согласно которой оптимальным типом взаимоотношения философии и власти является такой, когда государственный правитель обладает философской культурой и не препятствует философскому свободомыслию (Гегель, Кант). ; Relationship between politics and philosophy is a special case of the general relationship between practice and theory, things in existence and matter of due, the individual and the universal. This type of relationship and related issues are for humankind subject of increased interest since antiquity. The subject of my article is problem of interaction between politics and philosophy in matters of public management and government of a state. For these scientific goals I use historical-genetic approach, structural and functional, system, critical and comparative analysis. During the analysis of the history of this issue, I distinguish two different approaches to the estimation of power's relationship to philosophy: Sophocratic (Platonic) and technocratic (Popperian). Reconciliation of these extremes is attainable in a synthetic point of view, according to which the best type of relationship between philosophy and politics is their 'unmerged unity': while the state governors are not philosophers yet they have philosophical culture and do not interfere in the philosophical freethinking. Thus, philosophical constituent is proved to exist obviously or implicitly in the civilized political thought, coming forward as the regulatory basis at decision making. I conclude while philosophy as 'science of knowledge' is hardly able to be popular in politics, philosophy as a 'logic of culture', as philosophy of communication, dialog and respect of other people's interests certainly could and should be wise advice-giver for political leaders.

The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to expose Castoriadis' poïetical and institutional answer to the following question: how can we constitute a practical universality in a postmetaphysical context. Starting with a definition of political philosophy as the progressive and institutional objectification of reason, I first show how the modern radical critic of metaphysical thoughts and the modern emergence of a procedural conception of reason were both problematic for political philosophy. The thesis is then divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to Castoriadis' philosophy and presents his own critics of metaphysical thinking, his ontology and his theory of knowledge. I then follow the interpretative thesis according to which Castoriadis' philosophy can be characterized as an ''ontopoïetical pluralistic constructivism'' The second part is about his conception of practical reason, which I interpret as a "postmetaphysical institutionalism". I conclude by showing that Castoriadis offers not only new mediations between politics and philosophy but also an original conception of practical universality in the history of political philosophy. Using a comparative method, I put forward Castoriadis' thoughts through a comparison with other philosophies that share common problems and thesis, e.g. the Hegelian-Marxian tradition and the philosophies of difference. ; L'objet de cette thèse doctorale est la réponse poïétique et institutionnaliste offerte par Castoriadis au problème de la constitution d'une universalité pratique dans un contexte post-métaphysique. La thèse s'ouvre sur une définition de la philosophie politique comme projet d'objectivation institutionnelle de la raison et sur l'exposition du problème, pour cette discipline, engendré par la critique de la métaphysique et l'émergence d'une conception procédurale de la raison lors de la modernité. La thèse est ensuite divisée en deux parties. La première porte sur la philosophie de Castoriadis, c'est-à-dire sur sa critique de la pensée métaphysique, son ...

The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to expose Castoriadis' poïetical and institutional answer to the following question: how can we constitute a practical universality in a postmetaphysical context. Starting with a definition of political philosophy as the progressive and institutional objectification of reason, I first show how the modern radical critic of metaphysical thoughts and the modern emergence of a procedural conception of reason were both problematic for political philosophy. The thesis is then divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to Castoriadis' philosophy and presents his own critics of metaphysical thinking, his ontology and his theory of knowledge. I then follow the interpretative thesis according to which Castoriadis' philosophy can be characterized as an ''ontopoïetical pluralistic constructivism'' The second part is about his conception of practical reason, which I interpret as a "postmetaphysical institutionalism". I conclude by showing that Castoriadis offers not only new mediations between politics and philosophy but also an original conception of practical universality in the history of political philosophy. Using a comparative method, I put forward Castoriadis' thoughts through a comparison with other philosophies that share common problems and thesis, e.g. the Hegelian-Marxian tradition and the philosophies of difference. ; L'objet de cette thèse doctorale est la réponse poïétique et institutionnaliste offerte par Castoriadis au problème de la constitution d'une universalité pratique dans un contexte post-métaphysique. La thèse s'ouvre sur une définition de la philosophie politique comme projet d'objectivation institutionnelle de la raison et sur l'exposition du problème, pour cette discipline, engendré par la critique de la métaphysique et l'émergence d'une conception procédurale de la raison lors de la modernité. La thèse est ensuite divisée en deux parties. La première porte sur la philosophie de Castoriadis, c'est-à-dire sur sa critique de la pensée métaphysique, son ...

The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to expose Castoriadis' poïetical and institutional answer to the following question: how can we constitute a practical universality in a postmetaphysical context. Starting with a definition of political philosophy as the progressive and institutional objectification of reason, I first show how the modern radical critic of metaphysical thoughts and the modern emergence of a procedural conception of reason were both problematic for political philosophy. The thesis is then divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to Castoriadis' philosophy and presents his own critics of metaphysical thinking, his ontology and his theory of knowledge. I then follow the interpretative thesis according to which Castoriadis' philosophy can be characterized as an ''ontopoïetical pluralistic constructivism'' The second part is about his conception of practical reason, which I interpret as a "postmetaphysical institutionalism". I conclude by showing that Castoriadis offers not only new mediations between politics and philosophy but also an original conception of practical universality in the history of political philosophy. Using a comparative method, I put forward Castoriadis' thoughts through a comparison with other philosophies that share common problems and thesis, e.g. the Hegelian-Marxian tradition and the philosophies of difference. ; L'objet de cette thèse doctorale est la réponse poïétique et institutionnaliste offerte par Castoriadis au problème de la constitution d'une universalité pratique dans un contexte post-métaphysique. La thèse s'ouvre sur une définition de la philosophie politique comme projet d'objectivation institutionnelle de la raison et sur l'exposition du problème, pour cette discipline, engendré par la critique de la métaphysique et l'émergence d'une conception procédurale de la raison lors de la modernité. La thèse est ensuite divisée en deux parties. La première porte sur la philosophie de Castoriadis, c'est-à-dire sur sa critique de la pensée métaphysique, son ...

Anthropology has recently seen a lively interest in the subject of ethics and comparative notions of morality and freedom. This masterclass brings together four of the most eminent anthropologists working in this field--Michael Lambek, Veena Das, Didier Fassin, and Webb Keane--to discuss, via lectures and responses, important topics facing anthropological ethics and the theoretical debates that surround it. The authors explore the ways we understand morality across many different cultural settings, asking questions such as: How do we recognize the ethical in different ethnographic worlds? What constitutes agency and awareness in everyday life? What might an anthropology of ordinary ethics look like? And what happens when ethics approaches the political in both Western and non-Western societies. Contrasting perspectives and methods- and yet in complimentary ways- this masterclass will serve as an essential guide for how an anthropology of ethics can be formulated in the twenty-first century.