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The scientific publication is devoted to the history of the formation and development of administrative and legal foundations of the organization and activities of the prosecutor's office at the regional level. It is noted that the study of the history of formation and development of administrative and legal principles of organization and activity of the prosecutor's office is a necessary condition for effective cognitive and creative processes in order to formulate historical tests to improve existing and future legislation. In the context of decentralization of public administration, the study of the history of administrative and legal support of the prosecutor's office at the regional level becomes especially relevant. In the history of the formation and development of the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine, it is expedient to distinguish five main periods: the first, related to the appearance on Ukrainian lands of the first officials who served as prosecutors in Greek settlements in southern Ukraine, Scythian city-states; the second, related to the introduction and subsequent elimination of the function of supervision of the prosecutor's office in the Ukrainian lands as part of Russia in the XVIII-XIX centuries; the third, related to the formation of the UPR and the formation of prosecutors in the courts (the French model of organization and operation of prosecutors); the fourth period - the Soviet (the Prosecutor's Office of the Ukrainian SSR was actually in the status of a regional prosecutor's office); the fifth period, related to the emergence and development of the prosecutor's office of independent Ukraine, the abolition of the oversight function and further reform of the prosecutor's office (including the regional level). It is concluded that given the federal system of many foreign countries, the prosecutor's office at the regional level was formed in different historical periods with different functions and organization of their activities, but there are general trends in their formation and development, the emergence of functions inherent in modern bodies. Prosecutor's office. Administrative and legal support for the organization and activities of the prosecutor's office in different historical epochs was provided by the judiciary, the judiciary and directly by the leadership of the prosecutor's office. There is a tendency to centralize and strengthen the role of legislative support for the organization and activities of the prosecutor's office as a whole and at the regional level, given the important role played by the prosecutor's office in the criminal justice system. Given the above analyzed positive historical experience of administrative and legal support of the organization and activities of prosecutors at the central and regional levels, a promising area for improving existing national legislation is to amend the Constitution of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine «On Judiciary and Judge Status» and «On Prosecutor's Office» French model of the unity of the judiciary. Prospects for further research on this topic due to the need for detailed experience in the history of formation and development of administrative and legal support of the organization and activities of prosecutors at the regional level in leading foreign countries in order to learn best practices and determine the possibility and feasibility of its implementation in national legislation and practice. legal regulation of prosecutorial activity at the regional level. ; У науковій публікації досліджується історія становлення та розвитку адміністративно-правових засад організації та діяльності прокуратури на регіональному рівні. Зазначається, що дослідження історії становлення та розвитку адміністративно-правових засад організації та діяльності прокуратури є необхідною умовою ефективного пізнавального та творчого процесів із метою формулювання перевірених історичною практикою пропозицій щодо вдосконалення чинного та формування перспективного законодавства. У контексті децентралізації державного управління особливої актуальності набуває дослідження історії адміністративно-правового забезпечення діяльності прокуратури на регіональному рівні. Формулюється висновок про те, що, враховуючи федеративний устрій багатьох зарубіжних країн, органи прокуратури на регіональному рівні утворювались у різні історичні періоди із різними функціями та порядком організації їх діяльності, проте простежуються і загальні тенденції у їх становленні та розвитку, появі функцій, які притаманні сучасним органам прокуратури. Ураховуючи проаналізований вище позитивний історичний досвід адміністративно-правового забезпечення організації та діяльності органів прокуратури на центральному та регіональному рівнях, перспективним напрямом удосконалення чинного національного законодавства є внесення змін до Конституції України, Законів України «Про судоустрій і статус судді» та «Про прокуратуру» щодо впровадження французької моделі єдності судового корпусу. Перспективність подальшого дослідження даної тематики зумовлена необхідністю детального досвіду історії становлення та розвитку адміністративно-правового забезпечення організації та діяльності органів прокуратури на регіональному рівні у провідних зарубіжних державах із метою запозичення найкращого позитивного досвіду та визначення можливості та доцільності його впровадження в національне законодавство та юридичну практику у сфері правового регулювання прокурорської діяльності на регіональному рівні.

Historical studies on the practice of Islamic law (sharīʿa) tend to focus on practice in a Sunni setting during the Mamluk or Ottoman periods. This book decenters Sunni and Mamluk and Ottoman normativity by investigating the practice of sharīʿa in a Twelver Shiʿi Persian-speaking milieu, in early modern Iran between the sixteenth to twentieth centuries. Drawing on documentary evidence and narrative sources, it reconstructs who the practitioners of Islamic law were, how they authenticated, annulled, and archived legal documents, and how they intervened in the resolution of disputes over religious endowments (waqf). The study demonstrates that following Iran's conversion to Twelver Shiʿism under the Safavids, the dominance of Uṣūlī Shiʿi legal theory, which conferred judicial authority on scholars recognized as Shiʿi jurists (mujathids), affected both the practitioners of Islamic law and the procedures of sharīʿa court practice in Iran. Shiʿi jurists in Iran, as a result, would come to exercise by the end of the nineteenth century a judicial monopoly over valid sharīʿa court practice thus laying the foundation for Ayatollah Khomeini's extension, during the Iranian revolution, of the authority of the Shiʿi jurist over political affairs

The article covers complex and diverse cultural and artistic processes in Galicia in the second half of the twentieth and early twentieth centuries, in particular in L'viv, where the first Ukrainian artistic societies appeared, arranged exhibitions, began to publish literary and artistic magazines in the Ukrainian language, and traced active activities Scientific Society named after Shevchenko. It is substantiated that the Ukrainian culture of the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century was a form of social life in which national traditions and European innovations simultaneously manifested. It is proved that the literary-centrism of the Ukrainian modernity, being in the core of Ukrainian culture, did not contradict the development of other spheres and types of culture, the formation and perception of aesthetic values in the style of the new stage of the Ukrainian national revival. It has been established that the practical development of the Ukrainian national cultural institutions in Eastern Galicia began with the participation of the Eastern Ukrainian intelligentsia. Before World War I, a number of artistic associations were created in L'viv, in which a group was formed that was capable of creating professionally, a community of critics and publicists in the cultural sphere.
Keywords: cultural and artistic processes, Ukrainian societies, art exhibitions, L'viv.

There is significant evidence that culture-aligned economies are more effective in engaging remote-living Indigenous Australians in work long-term. Despite this evidence, governments remain resistant to investing substantially in these economies, with the result that low employment rates persist. This article argues that governmental systems of organisation are not designed to support non-mainstream economies and this position is unlikely to change. Similarly, the commercial sector lacks confidence that investing in culture-aligned economies will generate financial returns. This article presents a localised, pragmatic approach to Indigenous business support that works within existing systems of government, business and culture. Most unsuccessful programs fail to recognise the full suite of critical factors for sustained market engagement by both business and Indigenous people. This article reports on work to bring all critical factors together into a business support framework to inform the design and implementation of an aquaculture development program in a remote Indigenous Australian community.

There is significant evidence that culture-aligned economies are more effective in engaging remote-living Indigenous Australians in work long-term. Despite this evidence, governments remain resistant to investing substantially in these economies, with the result that low employment rates persist. This article argues that governmental systems of organisation are not designed to support non-mainstream economies and this position is unlikely to change. Similarly, the commercial sector lacks confidence that investing in culture-aligned economies will generate financial returns. This article presents a localised, pragmatic approach to Indigenous business support that works within existing systems of government, business and culture. Most unsuccessful programs fail to recognise the full suite of critical factors for sustained market engagement by both business and Indigenous people. This article reports on work to bring all critical factors together into a business support framework to inform the design and implementation of an aquaculture development program in a remote Indigenous Australian community.

The period in China's recent history between the death of Mao and the débâcle of 1989 can be seen as a long decade, but also historically as a "lost" decade. It is "lost" in the sense that the political engagement of intellectuals and makers of culture has been occulted by official history-telling; it is also "lost" in that its memory has been abandoned even by many who lived through it; "lost" also in the embarrassed silence of those who prefer to focus on the subsequent economic miracle of the 1990s that gave rise to today's more prosperous China; and "lost" as a time of opportunity for cultural and political change that ultimately did not happen. Calling on over thirty years of acquaintance with China including five years spent studying the cultural scene in Beijing during the 1980s, the author here traces the imbrication of culture, politics and history of a decade when everything seemed possible.

The period in China's recent history between the death of Mao and the débâcle of 1989 can be seen as a long decade, but also historically as a "lost" decade. It is "lost" in the sense that the political engagement of intellectuals and makers of culture has been occulted by official history-telling; it is also "lost" in that its memory has been abandoned even by many who lived through it; "lost" also in the embarrassed silence of those who prefer to focus on the subsequent economic miracle of the 1990s that gave rise to today's more prosperous China; and "lost" as a time of opportunity for cultural and political change that ultimately did not happen. Calling on over thirty years of acquaintance with China including five years spent studying the cultural scene in Beijing during the 1980s, the author here traces the imbrication of culture, politics and history of a decade when everything seemed possible.

The period in China's recent history between the death of Mao and the débâcle of 1989 can be seen as a long decade, but also historically as a "lost" decade. It is "lost" in the sense that the political engagement of intellectuals and makers of culture has been occulted by official history-telling; it is also "lost" in that its memory has been abandoned even by many who lived through it; "lost" also in the embarrassed silence of those who prefer to focus on the subsequent economic miracle of the 1990s that gave rise to today's more prosperous China; and "lost" as a time of opportunity for cultural and political change that ultimately did not happen. Calling on over thirty years of acquaintance with China including five years spent studying the cultural scene in Beijing during the 1980s, the author here traces the imbrication of culture, politics and history of a decade when everything seemed possible.