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In their quest to move toward free‐market economics, different nations have adopted contrasting strategies in implementing reforms. The Czechs and Slovaks, adjacent nations with similar natural resources, were both united for a substantial period of time. Although both shared a common experience, with centralized policies under communist rule, each retained its respective cultural values. Following the "velvet divorce" of the former Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic rushed into a market economy with entrepreneurs being agents of social change. The Czech Republic became the first former member of the Warsaw Pact to be invited to join NATO and the European Union. Slovakia, in contrast, adopted a policy of slow and gradual reform, with special assistance provided to micro‐enterprise.

The purpose of the series is to explore the central and unique role of organizational ethics in creating and sustaining a pluralistic, free enterprise economy. The primary goal of the research studies published here is to examine how profit seeking and not for profit organizations can be conceived and designed to satisfy legitimate human needs in an ethical and meaningful way. Research in Ethical Issues in Organizations encourages authors to submit rigorous research studies (essayistic or empirical) from a wide variety of academic perspectives including (but not limited to) business management

Cover; THE LIBERAL-WELFARIST LAW OF NATIONS; Title; Copyright; Dedication; CONTENTS; Introduction; PART I: The modern law of nations; Introduction; 1: The law of nations of the Moderns: a new discipline; 2: The liberal purpose of the modern law of nations: liberty, equality and security for states; 3: State self-interest and self-esteem; 4: The law of nations of the Moderns between free enterprise and protectionism; 5: The welfarist purpose of the modern law of nations: the happiness of the people and the advancement of states.

Intro -- Title Page -- Contents -- Prologue -- Introduction -- The Evidence of the Gold-Nugget Stick Pin -- The Man Who Was Hanged by a Thread -- Terror at Taylor's Camp -- Murder on the Trail of '98 -- Hijack Route to the Hangman -- The Clue of the Kids and the Candy -- Tragedy Stalked the Silver Trail -- Death Be Not Denied -- Whatever Happened to the Halden Family? -- A Policeman Dies -- The Unfortunate Jerry Hill and Free Enterprise -- The Cariboo's Stagecoach Bandits -- Epilogue -- Selected Bibliography -- Index -- Acknowledgements to the 1993 Edition -- About the Author -- Copyright

Abstract
The Society of Jesus sprang from the devout faith of a sidelined soldier who traded in his weapons to form a militant order of Catholic Reformers sworn to serve the Papacy as missionary soldiers of Christ. Specialization in education led Jesuits to roles as theologians of the 16th Century, including as members of the School of Salamanca, whose Jesuit members mostly took pro-market positions on free enterprise. One learned Jesuit in particular deviated from his order's default position of papal dirigisme to become an enemy of the state.

Beginning with the launch of Sputnik, the Cold War superpowers engaged in a race not only to control or militarize space, but also to influence world opinion with space-related feats. AT&T exploited American fears that the United States was losing this competition by publicizing its Telstar satellite as a privately designed product, ostensibly proving the superiority of a free enterprise system. AT&T argued that it should be allowed to manage a global communications network, but the American government eventually disagreed with the company's monopolistic ambitions.

After World War II economic policy in Europe comprised considerable elements of planning. The paper discusses how this shift was related to the conceived failure of the free enterprise economy to provide full employment in the interwar period and to the war experience. The Norwegian post-war planning had a more integrated and comprehensive character and a more structured format than in most other countries in Western Europe. Some major aspects of the Norwegian planning system and the models developed to support it are discussed, with particular emphasis on the roles played by key economists.

SUCH UNRESOLVED ISSUES AS DEMOCRACY, EMIGRATION, THE VIETNAMESE BOAT PEOPLE, INFLATION, AND THE CONFIDENCE CRISIS ARE DIVIDING THE PEOPLE OF HONG KONG, WHO GENERALLY FALL INTO TWO CAMPS: THE OPTIMISTS AND THE PESSIMISTS. THE OPTIMISTS CONTINUE TO HAVE GREAT FAITH IN HONG KONG'S FUTURE BECAUSE THEY BELIEVE THAT HONG KONG IS TOO ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TO CHINA FOR THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC TO RISK DESTROYING ITS FREE ENTERPRISE CULTURE. THE PESSIMISTS ARE FEARFUL THAT SOVEREIGNTY IS TOO IMPORTANT TO THE CHINESE AND THAT "ONE COUNTRY, TWO SYSTEMS" WILL NEVER SUCCEED.

The author tries to explain the sources and feasibility of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative (or Bush proposal), arising from the structural changes in the world system, which are characterized by a marked tendency towards a multipolar world. The author suggests that the US finds it necessary to establish a free trade zone with Latin America so as to enable the US economy to be on a better footing against the other two regional blocks led by the European Community and Japan. ; El autor intenta explicar las raíces y viabilidad de la Iniciativa para las Américas (o propuesta Bush), a partir de la reestructuración que se viene operando en el sistema mundial, caracterizada por una marcada tendencia hacia la multipolaridad en la relaciones internacionales. Estados Unidos, sugiere el autor, tiene la necesidad de conformar una zona de libre comercio hemisférica en la medida que ello le permite una mejor ubicación frente a los bloques regionales liderados por la Comunidad Europea y Japón.

The green supply chain realizes the unification of economic and environmental benefits through green manufacturing, green circulation and reverse logistics, and represents an important way to reduce emissions. The characteristics of the green supply chain network, however, can encourage some companies to exhibit "free- riding" behavior, participating without being willing to reduce emissions directly themselves. This paper applies an evolutionary game model to a two-level green supply chain composed of green suppliers and green manufacturers in order to analyze a variety of internal and external factors that affect the behavior of both parties in the game, and thence numerically simulate the evolution and stability trend of coordinated reductions in emissions. The results identify many cases of system evolution but the only stable evolution strategy is when both (1) the sum of collaborative emission reduction benefits and government subsidies is greater than the sum of collaborative emission reduction input costs and "free rider" benefits, and (2) the increased rate of unilateral emission reduction benefits is greater than the ratio of costs to original benefits. Income arising from collaborative reductions in emissions, enterprise original income, income from unilateral reductions in emissions in- crease ratio, government subsidy coefficient and achievement reward base can directly affect the system evolution path. The larger these value, the greater the probability of green suppliers and green manufacturers choosing collaborative reductions in emissions, and the faster the system convergence speed. Only the imposition of regulatory punishments above the threshold will affect the "free riding" behavior of enterprises and drive the upstream and downstream enterprises of the green supply chain to reduce emissions faster.

"Neoliberalism remains a flashpoint for political contestation around the world. For decades now, neoliberalism has been in the process of becoming a globally ascendant default logic that prioritizes using economic rationality for all major decisions, in all sectors of society, at the collective level of state policymaking as well as the personal level of individual choice-making. Donald Trump's recent presidential victory has been interpreted both as a repudiation and as a validation of neoliberalism's hegemony.?Rethinking Neoliberalism brings together theorists, social scientists, and public policy scholars to address neoliberalism as a governing ethic for our times. The chapters interrogate various dimensions of debates about neoliberalism while offering engaging empirical examples of neoliberalism's effects on social and urban policy in the USA, Europe, Russia, and elsewhere. Themes discussed include:Relationship between neoliberalism, the state, and civil societyNeoliberalism and social policy to discipline citizens?Urban policy and how neoliberalism reshapes urban governance??What it will take politically to get beyond neoliberalism. Written in a clear and accessible style, Rethinking Neoliberalism is a sophisticated synthesis of theory and practice, making it a compelling read for students of Political Science, Public Policy, Sociology, Geography, Urban Planning, Social Work and related fields, at both the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels."--Provided by publisher.

"The substantial prosperity that characterizes market economies at the beginning of the twenty-first century is relatively recent in human history. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, economic progress was so slow that people would not have been able to recognize it in their lifetimes, whereas today, economic progress is so much a part of people's lives that they take it for granted. In this new volume, Randall G. Holcombe argues that economic analysis, as it developed through the twentieth century, relies heavily on concepts of economic equilibrium, and is not descriptive of the dynamic real-world economy that is characterized by economic progress. Even in dynamic settings, economic models focus on income growth, leaving out the entrepreneurial forces that generate economic progress, resulting in the introduction of new goods and services and new production processes. Economic analysis focuses on the forces that lead to an economic equilibrium, not the forces that produce prosperity. This characterization of economic analysis describes a substantial component of economics as it has developed over the past century. However, there are also economists who have analyzed the factors that lead to an entrepreneurial and innovative economy, generating progress rather than equilibrium. This volume does not question the value of past research, but argues that, looking ahead, economics should build on its past to focus on factors that create an entrepreneurial and innovative economy that is characterized by progress and prosperity. This would make economic analysis more consistent with the remarkable progress and prosperity that characterizes the modern economy. This volume lays out a framework for economic analysis that consistently incorporates the real-world factors that produce prosperity."--Publisher's website

The ultimate survival of an economic system depends on whether or not the interrelationships between its institutions and its members are consistent with each other. "Consistency and Viability of Capitalist Economic Systems" develops an original analytical framework to understand the relationship between the economic, political, and ideological structures, the external environment, and the process of reform that give rise to certain economic systems by establishing consistency. Consistency, however, is not enough; a consistent economic system must be flexible and have the internal mechanisms to be able to adapt to changes in social reality, thus making possible its survival over time. In other words, the economic system is viable when it is able to encourage increases in labor productivity and there is popular support. Thus the economic system, in its broad social science context, must be both consistent and viable. Economic systems examined in this text are the capitalist economics systems of Great Britain, Japan, European Union and Sweden.