Suchergebnisse

Drei Ereignisse haben in kumuliertem Zusammenwirken dazu geführt, daß die deutsch-chinesischen Beziehungen Mitte 1996 einen neuen Tiefpunkt erreicht haben.

In a time of resurgent populism and white nationalism in the West, Massoud Hayoun's book When We Were Arabs: A Jewish Family's Forgotten History is a daring and rejuvenating book. Massoud Hayoun is a young journalist based in Los Angeles who has worked for Al Jazeera English and Anthony Bourdain's Parts Unknown online while writing a weekly column on foreign affairs for Pacific Standard. Written in the form of a historical memoir, Hayoun, who identifies himself as a Jewish Arab, traces his family history before and after World War II to illustrate how Jewish Arabs were maliciously separated from their societies and how their identities were used in a game of colonial domination. He argues that Jewish Arabs lived and worked alongside their Muslim and Christian Arab neighbors in relative peace until colonialism, white supremacy and Zionism disrupted Arab society and fractured it into various groups, which, among other things, separated the identity of Arab from Jew.

This article describes the main challenges that the European Union is facing over the last years. It also analyzes the European Integration process and the emergence of the European Union. European integration process began after the Second World War. European politicians realized that "the old continent", which was destroyed and razed to the ground, needed unification in order to play more important role in the bipolar international system. The European integration was a step by step process, which reached its culmination after signing the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, when the European Union was formally established. The European Union created very favorable ground for free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market. Despite these positive developments, new threats emerged over the last years that can put an end to the European integration process. From these threats and challenges, particular attention is dedicated to Britain's exit from the European Union (Brexit), rise of radicalism and populist parties, migration crisis and a heightened terrorism threat.

Seit 1997 wird der ARD-DeutschlandTREND im Auftrag der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (ARD) sowie diverser Printmedien von Infratest dimap Gesellschaft für Trend- und Wahlforschung mbH erhoben. Die monatlich durchgeführte telefonische Erhebung mit ca. 1000 Befragten (für die Parteipräferenz ca. 1500) pro Welle basiert auf repräsentativen Stichproben und erfasst die Einstellungen und Beurteilungen der wahlberechtigten Bevölkerung zu Parteien, Politikern und aktuellen politischen Themen. Einige Fragen werden zu jedem Erhebungszeitpunkt wiederholt und in identischer Weise gefragt, andere Themen werden nur in einem oder in mehreren Befragungsmonaten erhoben. Der DeutschlandTREND ist als Jahreskumulation für die Jahre ab 1998 verfügbar.

International audience ; This paper examines the usefulness of recognizing the commons governing irrigation water. It harnesses the commons to understand the power interactions at play in transformations over local, national and international scales. It proposes to harness the positive externalities commons generate in order to transform political and economic interactions at the national and international scales. Although it uses a Palestinian case study, this conceptual development can apply anywhere.Palestinians have long managed irrigation as commons at the local level. But the overwhelming attention paid to their national struggle has led most researchers to focus on national institutions instead. It has also favored treating water as a stock rather than a flow. All West Bank aquifers are shared with Israel. The Oslo agreements treated them as a stock and divided them quantitatively between two users: Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Recognising the existence of commons in Palestinian irrigation allows treating water as a flow. Indeed, the same water drops flow successively through several institutions, some Palestinian and others Israeli, deploying different property regimes over varying scalar levels.This paper examines the usefulness of considering water as a flow that is managed successively by such a variety of institutions. At the local level, it allows us to understand the interactions between smallholders and neighboring agribusinesses, for example. It allows us to understand the upheaval in power interactions when a merchant economy attempts to supplant a human economy. At the national level, it allows us to address the governance of the paracommons. This term designates the material gains potentially generated by the improvement of efficiency within various systems all drawing on the same source of water. Such gains are dynamic because the efficiency gain in one system often entails a loss in a neighbouring system or in a distant, yet interlinked, system. These material gains thus constitute ...

International audience ; This paper examines the usefulness of recognizing the commons governing irrigation water. It harnesses the commons to understand the power interactions at play in transformations over local, national and international scales. It proposes to harness the positive externalities commons generate in order to transform political and economic interactions at the national and international scales. Although it uses a Palestinian case study, this conceptual development can apply anywhere.Palestinians have long managed irrigation as commons at the local level. But the overwhelming attention paid to their national struggle has led most researchers to focus on national institutions instead. It has also favored treating water as a stock rather than a flow. All West Bank aquifers are shared with Israel. The Oslo agreements treated them as a stock and divided them quantitatively between two users: Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Recognising the existence of commons in Palestinian irrigation allows treating water as a flow. Indeed, the same water drops flow successively through several institutions, some Palestinian and others Israeli, deploying different property regimes over varying scalar levels.This paper examines the usefulness of considering water as a flow that is managed successively by such a variety of institutions. At the local level, it allows us to understand the interactions between smallholders and neighboring agribusinesses, for example. It allows us to understand the upheaval in power interactions when a merchant economy attempts to supplant a human economy. At the national level, it allows us to address the governance of the paracommons. This term designates the material gains potentially generated by the improvement of efficiency within various systems all drawing on the same source of water. Such gains are dynamic because the efficiency gain in one system often entails a loss in a neighbouring system or in a distant, yet interlinked, system. These material gains thus constitute ...

International audience ; This paper examines the usefulness of recognizing the commons governing irrigation water. It harnesses the commons to understand the power interactions at play in transformations over local, national and international scales. It proposes to harness the positive externalities commons generate in order to transform political and economic interactions at the national and international scales. Although it uses a Palestinian case study, this conceptual development can apply anywhere.Palestinians have long managed irrigation as commons at the local level. But the overwhelming attention paid to their national struggle has led most researchers to focus on national institutions instead. It has also favored treating water as a stock rather than a flow. All West Bank aquifers are shared with Israel. The Oslo agreements treated them as a stock and divided them quantitatively between two users: Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Recognising the existence of commons in Palestinian irrigation allows treating water as a flow. Indeed, the same water drops flow successively through several institutions, some Palestinian and others Israeli, deploying different property regimes over varying scalar levels.This paper examines the usefulness of considering water as a flow that is managed successively by such a variety of institutions. At the local level, it allows us to understand the interactions between smallholders and neighboring agribusinesses, for example. It allows us to understand the upheaval in power interactions when a merchant economy attempts to supplant a human economy. At the national level, it allows us to address the governance of the paracommons. This term designates the material gains potentially generated by the improvement of efficiency within various systems all drawing on the same source of water. Such gains are dynamic because the efficiency gain in one system often entails a loss in a neighbouring system or in a distant, yet interlinked, system. These material gains thus constitute ...

This article aims to analyze existing rivalries between Spain and England for control of Darien since the sixteenth century until the late eighteenth. Examined the reality of the area, special attention will be paid to shipments of Spanish coastguards in the region, providing an unprecedented study on those made in the years 1767 and 1768. In them, it is not only targeted to spot the native township of the region but also the English settlements that tried to trade with the natives, which impeded the total control of the Spanish over the commerce. ; El presente artículo tiene como finalidad analizar las rivalidades existentes entre España e Inglaterra por el control del Darién desde el siglo XVI hasta fines del XVIII. Examinada la realidad de la zona, se pondrá especial atención a las expediciones de guardacostas españoles, aportando un estudio inédito sobre las realizadas en los años 1767 y 1768. En ellas, no solo se intentó localizar los pueblos nativos de la región, sino también posibles asentamientos ingleses que comerciasen con los indios, lo que impedía el dominio español del territorio.

International audience ; This paper examines the usefulness of recognizing the commons governing irrigation water. It harnesses the commons to understand the power interactions at play in transformations over local, national and international scales. It proposes to harness the positive externalities commons generate in order to transform political and economic interactions at the national and international scales. Although it uses a Palestinian case study, this conceptual development can apply anywhere.Palestinians have long managed irrigation as commons at the local level. But the overwhelming attention paid to their national struggle has led most researchers to focus on national institutions instead. It has also favored treating water as a stock rather than a flow. All West Bank aquifers are shared with Israel. The Oslo agreements treated them as a stock and divided them quantitatively between two users: Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Recognising the existence of commons in Palestinian irrigation allows treating water as a flow. Indeed, the same water drops flow successively through several institutions, some Palestinian and others Israeli, deploying different property regimes over varying scalar levels.This paper examines the usefulness of considering water as a flow that is managed successively by such a variety of institutions. At the local level, it allows us to understand the interactions between smallholders and neighboring agribusinesses, for example. It allows us to understand the upheaval in power interactions when a merchant economy attempts to supplant a human economy. At the national level, it allows us to address the governance of the paracommons. This term designates the material gains potentially generated by the improvement of efficiency within various systems all drawing on the same source of water. Such gains are dynamic because the efficiency gain in one system often entails a loss in a neighbouring system or in a distant, yet interlinked, system. These material gains thus constitute ...

International audience ; This paper examines the usefulness of recognizing the commons governing irrigation water. It harnesses the commons to understand the power interactions at play in transformations over local, national and international scales. It proposes to harness the positive externalities commons generate in order to transform political and economic interactions at the national and international scales. Although it uses a Palestinian case study, this conceptual development can apply anywhere.Palestinians have long managed irrigation as commons at the local level. But the overwhelming attention paid to their national struggle has led most researchers to focus on national institutions instead. It has also favored treating water as a stock rather than a flow. All West Bank aquifers are shared with Israel. The Oslo agreements treated them as a stock and divided them quantitatively between two users: Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Recognising the existence of commons in Palestinian irrigation allows treating water as a flow. Indeed, the same water drops flow successively through several institutions, some Palestinian and others Israeli, deploying different property regimes over varying scalar levels.This paper examines the usefulness of considering water as a flow that is managed successively by such a variety of institutions. At the local level, it allows us to understand the interactions between smallholders and neighboring agribusinesses, for example. It allows us to understand the upheaval in power interactions when a merchant economy attempts to supplant a human economy. At the national level, it allows us to address the governance of the paracommons. This term designates the material gains potentially generated by the improvement of efficiency within various systems all drawing on the same source of water. Such gains are dynamic because the efficiency gain in one system often entails a loss in a neighbouring system or in a distant, yet interlinked, system. These material gains thus constitute a new commons, the appropriation of which needs to be governed. It is a paracommons because it doesn't exist until the projects designed to improve the efficiency of different systems are implemented. Donors are funding heavily projects purporting to improve irrigation efficiency. Addressing the governance of the paracommons of Palestinian irrigation is now urgent. This paper analyses the manner the social capital developed in existing commons can contribute to this. Finally, at the international level, including the institutions emerging from the commons into an institutional structure that manages water as a flow allows us to break the deadlock of present water negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. The paper details the manner this can be achieved. ; Cet article explore l'utilité de reconnaître les communs qui gouvernent l'eau destinée à l'irrigation. Il mobilise la notion de communs pour comprendre les interactions de pouvoir en jeu au sein des transformations se réalisant sur des échelles locale, nationale et internationale. Il propose de se saisir des externalités positives générées par les communs afin de transformer les interactions politiques et économiques aux échelles nationale et internationale. Bien qu'il s'appuie sur une étude de cas palestinienne, ce développement conceptuel peut être appliqué n'importe où.Les Palestiniens gèrent depuis longtemps l'irrigation en tant que communs au niveau local. Cependant, l'attention massive qu'a suscitée leur combat national a mené les chercheurs à se focaliser sur les institutions nationales plutôt que sur les institutions locales. Cette focalisation sur l'échelle nationale a aussi favorisé la perception de l'eau en tant que stock plutôt qu'en tant que flux. Tous les aquifères de Cisjordanie sont partagés avec Israël. Les accords d'Oslo les ont traités comme un stock et les ont divisés quantitativement entre deux utilisateurs : Israël et l'Autorité Palestinienne. Reconnaître l'existence de communs au sein de l'irrigation palestinienne nous permet de traiter l'eau comme un flux. En effet, la même goutte d'eau coule successivement au travers de plusieurs institutions. Certaines sont palestiniennes et d'autres sont israéliennes. Chacune déploie des régimes de propriété définis sur des niveaux d'échelle différents.Cet article examine l'utilité de considérer l'eau comme un flux qui est géré successivement par cette variété d'institutions. Au niveau local, ceci nous permet de comprendre les interactions entre les petits agriculteurs et les agribusiness voisines, par exemple. Ceci nous permet de comprendre les bouleversements au sein des interactions de pouvoir qui ont lieu lorsqu'une économie marchande entre en interaction avec une économie humaine. Au niveau national, ceci nous permet de nous pencher sur la gouvernance des paracommuns. Ce terme désigne les gains matériels qui sont potentiellement générés par l'amélioration de l'efficience au sein de différents systèmes s'approvisionnant tous auprès de la même source d'eau. De tels gains sont forcément dynamiques car l'amélioration de l'efficience au sein d'un système implique souvent une perte pour un système voisin ou pour un système éloigné mais lié au premier. L'ensemble de ces gains matériels potentiels constituent un nouveau commun dont l'appropriation doit être gouvernée. Il s'agit d'un paracommun car il n'existe que si les projets d'amélioration de l'efficience de différents systèmes sont réalisés. Les bailleurs financent massivement de nombreux projets visant à améliorer l'efficience de l'irrigation. Il est maintenant urgent de faire face à la question de la gouvernance des paracommuns de l'irrigation palestinienne. Cet article analyse la façon dont le capital social élaboré au sein des communs existants peut contribuer à cela. Enfin, au niveau international, inclure les institutions émergeant des communs au sein d'une structure institutionnelle qui gère l'eau en tant que flux nous permet de sortir de l'impasse actuelle des négociations concernant l'eau entre Israël et l'Autorité Palestinienne. Cet article détaille la façon dont ceci peut être réalisé.

When two soldiers were killed in occupied East Jerusalem a few weeks ago, it set off a chain reaction of Israeli punitive measures, Palestinian protestsand violence. The Israeli government ramped up its presence in the Old City, installing metal detectors and security cameras in the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound. Palestinians reacted with mass protest tactics such as boycotting Israeli security measures and collective prayer in the streets of East Jerusalem. And although the Israeli police responded with mass arrests and live fire, the protests grew. After weeks of sustained demonstrations, Israeli authorities reversed the measures, and Palestinians celebrated as trucks filled with security technology drove out of the Old City. This was a rare unifying moment for Palestinians, who have been unable to sustain mass, coordinated protests since the second uprising in the early 2000s. What made this moment in Jerusalem a unique rallying point? My research illuminates the effects of repression on collective organizing and mobilization in the Palestinian territories.