Suchergebnisse

A number of collusive agreements involve the exchange of self-reported sales data between firms, which use them to monitor compliance with a target market share allocation. This paper shows that such communicationbetween competitors may facilitate collusion even if all private information becomes public after a delay. The exchange of sales information may allow firms to implement incentive-compatible market share reallocationmechanisms after unexpected swings, limiting the recourse to price wars as a tool for mutual disciplining. In some cases, efficient collusion cannot occur unless firms are able to engage in such communication.

International audience The village of al-Araqib, near Beer Sheva, illustrates the situation of around forty "unrecognized" Bedouin villages in the Negev desert, South of Israel, and the different policies established by the Israeli State since its creation to control the Bedouin presence, in particular by concentrating the Bedouins in towns and declaring their land state property. Evacuated in 1951 by military order, the inhabitants of al-Araqib came back on their land at the end of the 90's; considered as illegal, the village has been regularly destroyed since 2010 and is threatened by new legislations such as the Prawer Plan. Reduced to only few families, the residents of al-Araqib struggle for the survival of their village and the right to remain on their land, referring notably to "sumud", the fact of ensuring a presence on the ground and holding on despite difficulties.

A new method for designing radiofrequency (RF) pulses with numerical optimization in the wavelet domain is presented. Numerical optimization may yield solutions that might otherwise have not been discovered with analytic techniques alone. Further, processing in the wavelet domain reduces the number of unknowns through compression properties inherent in wavelet transforms, providing a more tractable optimization problem. This algorithm is demonstrated with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) spin echo refocusing pulses because reduced peak RF power is necessary for SMS diffusion imaging with high acceleration factors. An iterative, nonlinear, constrained numerical minimization algorithm was developed to generate an optimized RF pulse waveform. Wavelet domain coefficients were modulated while iteratively running a Bloch equation simulator to generate the intermediate slice profile of the net magnetization. The algorithm minimizes the L2-norm of the slice profile with additional terms to penalize rejection band ripple and maximize the net transverse magnetization across each slice. Simulations and human brain imaging were used to demonstrate a new RF pulse design that yields an optimized slice profile and reduced peak energy deposition when applied to a multiband single-shot echo planar diffusion acquisition. This method may be used to optimize factors such as magnitude and phase spectral profiles and peak RF pulse power for multiband simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisitions. Wavelet-based RF pulse optimization provides a useful design method to achieve a pulse waveform with beneficial amplitude reduction while preserving appropriate magnetization response for magnetic resonance imaging.

Die auf Kuba stattfindenden Friedensverhandlungen zwischen der kolumbianischen Regierung unter Präsident Santos und den Revolutionären Streitkräften Kolumbiens (FARC) haben große Fortschritte gemacht. Es wäre ein historischer Erfolg, könnte der blutigste bewaffnete Konflikt in der westlichen Hemisphäre beendet werden. Doch mit einem Friedensvertrag begänne erst die eigentliche Herausforderung des Andenlandes: die Schaffung dauerhaften Friedens. (WeltTrends / SWP)

Kolumbien durchlebt eine Phase seiner Geschichte, deren Chancen nicht ungenutzt bleiben dürfen: ein dauerhafter Frieden, aber auch der Aufbau einer auf mehr Teilhabe gegründeten Nation stehen auf der Tagesordnung. Dies könnte der Augenblick sein, sich nicht nur Gedanken über einen Postkonflikt zu machen, sondern auch über den Aufbau eines Landes, das sich Problemen gegenübersieht, durch die die bewaffnete Konfrontation gefördert und verstärkt wurde. (KAS-Auslandsinformationen / SWP)

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся становления и развития науки полицейского права в Западной Европе в XVIII в. Авторы выделяют основные этапы эволюции полицейского права, дают им характеристику, а также анализируют особенности становления полицейского права как науки и сложившиеся в полицейском праве направления исследований. ; In the article the issues to the formation and development of the police law science in Western Europe in the XVIII century are considered. The authors are identified the main stages of the evolution of the police law, their characteristic and also the specificity of formation of the police law as a science and police law research directions are analyzed.

Trotz unterschiedlicher Entwicklungslinien und Rationalitäten besitzen die Sozialwissenschaften, die steuerungstechnischen politischen Systemtheorien und die Wirtschafts- und Ingenieurwissenschaften im Hinblick auf den Umgang mit Komplexität disziplinübergreifend große Analogien. Dies zeigt der Band anhand komparatistischer Analysen der einzelnen Disziplinen. Die Zusammenhänge werden dabei durch präzise Zusammenfassungen und praktische Randbemerkungen sowie durch Abbildungen und zahlreiche Beispiele aus der Praxis für alle Disziplinen übergreifend anschaulich gemacht.Das Buch richtet sich zugleich an Sozial- und Politikwissenschaftler wie an Ingenieure. Der Aufbau des Werks ermöglicht dabei auch den disziplinspezifischen Einsatz in der jeweiligen Lehre bzw. Weiterbildung.Dr. Günter Rittmann hat Elektro-/Nachrichtentechnik studiert und nach über 30-jähriger Berufstätigkeit ein Zweitstudium in Politikwissenschaft absolviert

During the early 2000s, Argentina experienced the worst crisis in its history. In contrast, Nestor Kirchner's presidential term, followed by those of his wife, Cristina, were distinguished by swift economic recovery. However, this spectacular resurgence is just a façade. The Kirchners' macroeconomic populism has not brought about essential structural reforms and the first signs of waning are beginning to surface. Argentina's economy could well take another turn. (Politique étrangère (Paris) / SWP)

In today's globalizing world, which is formally based on state sovereignty but in which the latter is called into question by economic, cultural and technological trends, new institutional frameworks need to be designed to allow people, goods, services and ideas to move across legal systems. The European Union provides an interesting model in this regard. Looking at the EU institutional model for achieving legal interoperability, this case-study explains how supranational law can achieve the interoperability of a diverse array of legal systems to attain larger policy goals, while pointing to the fact that lack of coherence between different legal orders (supranational vs. national) can be an obstacle to legal interoperability.