Suchergebnisse

International studies have shown that interest in science and technology among primary and secondary school students in Western European countries is low and seems to be decreasing. In many countries outside Europe, and especially in developing countries, interest in science and technology remains strong. As part of the large-scale European Union funded 'Science Education for Diversity' project, a questionnaire probing potential reasons for this difference was completed by students in the UK, Netherlands, Turkey, Lebanon, India and Malaysia. This questionnaire sought information about favourite courses, extracurricular activities and views on the nature of science. Over 9,000 students aged mainly between 10 and 14 years completed the questionnaire. Results revealed that students in countries outside Western Europe showed a greater interest in school science, in careers related to science and in extracurricular activities related to science than did Western European students. Non-European students were also more likely to hold an empiricist view of the nature of science and to believe that science can solve many problems faced by the world. Multilevel analysis revealed a strong correlation between interest in science and having such a view of the Nature of Science.

Campaigners routinely use and abuse 'science' in their arguments, while often complaining about the 'reductionist' basis of science, and society's over‐reliance on scientific arguments. This paper examines the long‐running battle between old‐fashioned ideas derived from the Enlightenment and the newer 'Post‐Modern' and Romantic ideas now used by campaigners.

Hearings held July 23, 1979- ; Pt. 2: joint hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on the Judiciary, Jan. 25, 1980. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Social science writings have one thing in common with products of the artistic spirit—they readily lend themselves to dating by their "stylistic" traits. This is not a preferred manner for dating scientific products. Science, like technology, is generally regarded as cumulative in its development. To the extent that this is so, it is possible to place a scientific work in its historical position by examining the stage of knowledge that it reveals. However, the store of social science knowledge grows very slowly indeed. The result is that much of social science impresses one as being modern more by virtue of various stylistic traits than by demonstrable additions to, or modifications of, our stock of substantive (or methodological) knowledge.

Security may be classified into 2 areas: information security, & personnel security. The former is based upon the fact that certain levels of information are of such vital importance to weapons development & national security that the information itself must be sharply circumscribed. The latter stems from a recognition that certain marginal personnel are subject to external pressures to reveal information & certain others because of poor judgment may inadvertently reveal secret information through `loose talk'. Most criticism of the security system is predicted on the abuse of individual rights. It is suggested that a more valid criticism is the lack of a defined purpose. The opinion is offered that more is lost to the national security than gained by the rigid classification of information. The development of an anti-submarine device was so delayed in WWII because of the restriction of information that it never made a `kill'. Personnel security has been accompanied by inappropriate adman due to poorly equipped investigators & contradicto y rulings. Extraneous pol'al issues. involving scape-seating & the suspicion of making jobs available by removing incumbents have further confused the security system. The channelizing of public fears & anxiety into discrimination against the `security risk' has resulted in the abridgement of individual econ & civil rights & liberties. Security is a necessity. But only a properly organized security system will afford protection & assure the full utilization of sci'fic personnel. `...the first step in solving these problems should be a thorough re-evaluation of the meaning & purpose of the security program in this country.' AAAPSS.

Internal control. A moral obligation to medical progress ; A moral need for epistemic filters -- External control. Medical ethics in a modern society ; Experimenting with humans -- Public accountability. The contested rise of the ethical expert ; Public governance in a pluralistic society.

Humans learn about the world by collectively acquiring information, filtering it, and sharing what we know. Misinformation undermines this process. The repercussions are extensive. Without reliable and accurate sources of information, we cannot hope to halt climate change, make reasoned democratic decisions, or control a global pandemic. Most analyses of misinformation focus on popular and social media, but the scientific enterprise faces a parallel set of problems—from hype and hyperbole to publication bias and citation misdirection, predatory publishing, and filter bubbles. In this perspective, we highlight these parallels and discuss future research directions and interventions.