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The article examines the institution of consent for the transaction, analyzed various theoretical concepts regarding the legal nature of the designated institution, a relationship was made between the concepts of "transaction" and "agreement to complete the transaction," the specificity of the consent was defined, and the legal consequences of the transaction without the consent of a third party were identified and considered the corresponding general and special compositions of invalid transactions. The author raised the problem of the absence of clear legislative regulation of cases of crossing and overlapping of designated trains, other legal consequences of the transaction were characterized without the consent of the authorized person in addition to the invalidity of the transaction, a comparative analysis of similar norms of foreign legislation was carried out. ; В статье рассматривается институт согласия на совершение сделки, проанализированы различные теоретические концепции относительно правовой природы обозначенного института, проведено соотношение понятий «сделка» и «согласие на совершение сделки», определена специфика согласия, выявлены и охарактеризованы правовые последствия совершения сделки без согласия третьего лица, рассмотрены соответствующие общий и специальные составы недействительных сделок. Автором поднята проблема отсутствия четкого законодательного регулирования случаев пересечения и наложения обозначенных составов, охарактеризованы иные правовые последствия совершения сделки без согласия управомоченного лица помимо недействительности сделки, проведен сравнительный анализ сходных норм зарубежного законодательства.

© The Author(s) 2017. The politics of "Black Respectability" foreground Black citizens' individual and collective responsibility to prioritize self-policing, polish, and propriety. Proponents believe that the steady performance of restraint and decorum is critical and that any departure from that repertoire can result in punishment. The belief that racially minoritized youth must earn respect and autonomy, rather than see those rights protected as a standard afforded to all community members, may not be widely held by younger Black people. The following study makes use of interview data collected from 23 Black Baltimore City millennials who shared their perspectives on the social and political contexts that led to Freddie Gray's death while in Baltimore Police custody. When discussing police officers' pursuit of citizens who match Freddie Gray's outward appearance, younger respondents resisted the demands of Black Respectability Politics and, instead, asserted their right to pass through their neighborhoods absent state-sanctioned harassment. This study features an exploration of how generational membership moderates legal socialization, attitudes about personal responsibility for police profiling, and beliefs about the right to the same full spectrum of freedoms and protections enjoyed by majority citizens. Implications for critical race theory, legal cynicism, and intergenerational coalition building are also discussed.

The article is devoted to the history of M. Komarov's Odesa almanacs "Rozmova" and "Zavoloka" censorship banning in the context of literary process at the end of the XIXth – beginning of the XXth centuries. The stress is laid on both: compiler's longterm correspondence with censorship bodies, in which he demanded the permission on books publishing, and conclusions, Ukrainian writers come to after "cooperation" with repressive imperial state machine. The role of unpublished almanacs "Rozmova" and "Zavoloka" in the context of growing tendency of Russian censorship intolerance to Ukrainian book is researched. The author shows the history of compilation and attempts of overcoming censor prohibition to publish two South-Ukrainian almanacs from writer, critic, bibliographer and specialist in folklore Mykhailo Komarov. In the professed article "Short essay on the history of Russian censorship laws attitude to Ukrainian literature" (1905), published in Russian liberal-political journal "Russian thought" Mykola Fabrykant slightly raised the veil of intricate attitudes between Russian censorship and Ukrainian books and the press. The first Komarov's almanac ("Rozmova". Odesa literary and ethnographic collection for 1889), which consisted of two parts (literary – 6 stories, one narrative, one comedy, thirty verses; ethnographic – a collection of folk sayings and riddles) was submitted to Odesa censorship office in August, 1889. Confirmation of active self-censorhip can be found in correspondence of M. Komarov.

In recent decades all sorts of illicit medicines have been increasingly traded world-wide: from antibiotics to weight loss drugs, and antimalarial tablets to steroids. The illicit medicines market is generally associated with considerable health risks for its users, as well as with high revenues and a perceived growing degree of criminal organization. It is therefore important to gain extensive criminological insights into this global market. This book provides in-depth and empirically-grounded theoretical insights into the online and offline trade in illicit pharmaceuticals, with particular reference to lifestyle pharmaceuticals. Trade in the Netherlands and manufacturing in China are taken as extended case studies. The author primarily focuses on the activities, dynamics and structure of the illicit market in the Netherlands, and on the production and transnational distribution of illicit medicines in and from China. In order to understand how actors operate, compete and develop trust relations, as well as how the illicit market is structured, this study is built on a mixed-method approach of both qualitative and quantitative data. By means of interviews with actors directly involved in the trade, analysis of court cases, a survey study and an online analysis, this book provides thorough and rich insights into the actors, dynamics and social organization of the flourishing illicit medicines market

An audaciously daring narrative, this text presents an overview of the early history of Rome, focusing the reader's attention to those distinctive and often hidden cultural features that contributed to create a unique ancient Roman mindset and civic outlook. Using an historical format, Thomas L. Dynneson addresses these cultural forces which ultimately shaped the Romans into the ancient world's most powerful military city-state. Comprised of numerous values and beliefs, the Romans sought to develop their citizens as a cohesive whole. This approach enabled a mastering of both the practical and utilitarian tactics for solving problems, an expression of classical intellectualism. Identifying this sense of idealism paralleled with the Romans embodiment of sacrifice to overcome all obstacles, the author explores several features of becoming Roman. Within this text, each section is designed to pull together the general historical elements which helped to create a unique Roman citizenship. The final section of each chapter contains further analysis, including the author's narrative regarding the general sources used, and the second containing a review of one exceptional recommended reading. The later chapters of the book provide a special "Recent Scholarship" section, which explores the work of recent scholars' "revisionists" perspectives related to the traditional ancient sources. ; https://falconcommons.utpb.edu/utpb-facbooks/1012/thumbnail.jpg

This study aims to identify and describe Implementation of Building Service Permit Policy (IMB) at the Office of Investment and Service Integrated One Door DPM-PTSP Sigi District. The author uses the theory of George C. Edward III which includes factors Communications, Resources, Disposition, and Bureaucratic Structure. The type of research is using qualitative descriptive methodology. Based on the acquisition shows that the implementation of government policy in licensing service especially the building permit service (IMB) in Sigi Regency has not fully run well and has not had a positive impact on development. This is evidenced from the four aspects studied, has not supported the factors proposed by Edward III is related to communication factors, resource factors and disposition factors. Can be explained that not maximally Implementation of Government Policy in licensing service specially Permit to construct building in Sub-Province of Sigi which impact on execution of comprehensive development in Sigi Regency. This can be seen from the number of people taking care of the IMB is very less. Only bureaucratic structural factors are eligible to implement the policy but also have not shown significant positive impacts so that the priority of development success programs has not been achieved, including giving serious attention to the success of policy implementation especially in terms of licensing service in Sigi Regency.

International audience ; An exercise in symptomatic reading, this paper studies Alan Duff's Once Were Warriors (1990) from a postcolonial perspective. It claims that the novel invokes Oceanic memory more than its author is willing to admit. Against the author's intention and ideology, a close examination of the narrative's turning point presents Grace's suicide as an occasion to revisit the history of Aotearoa/New Zealand from times prior to contact with Europeans – including times of so-called Māori 'slavery' – down to the 19th-century British settlement. The novel's pivotal passage is also seen as a piece of Māori cosmogony revisited: Grace may be said to reenact the founding myth of Hine-Tītama/Hine-nui-te-pō's flight from her incestuous father into the night. In addition, by encroaching upon the Pakeha owner's land, she can be said to create a terrain of difference where the cultural and political values of Aotearoa/New Zealand might be negotiated anew. Like the novel's multiple shifting narrators, and like Duff himself, she constructs 'interstitial intimacy' where readers get glimpses of an 'insider's outsidedness', to use Homi Bhabha's phraseology. This paper suggests that a productive and creative memory of the Maori minority as a social agent may be seen at work throughout Once Were Warriors

Indonesian Banking in carrying out its business in economic democracy by using the principle of prudence, the main function of the bank is to collect funds and channel them back to the community. The role of banks in supporting economic activities is quite large because banks provide services in the circulation of money. Whereas from a bank's point of view, credit has a strategic position which is one of the necessary sources of money in financing business activities that can be emphasized as the key to life for every human being. Agreement is a legal relationship in the field of wealth based on an agreement between legal subjects one with the other and between them bind to each other so that the law is obliged to implement the agreement agreed upon by the parties and cause legal consequences. By using a qualitative descriptive method from the results of the observation the author describes how the credit application process is carried out and how the crediting procedure is associated with accounting information in the provision of credit in this case to increase crediting at PT Bank Mandiri (persero) Tbk Manado Area. Based on observations the authors suggest that the independent bank must be more careful in making credit terminations so that there will be no bad credit.Keywords: credit applicaton, credit approval

Se analiza el modo en que aparece la preocupación por las instituciones en la obra escrita de Juan Carlos Garavaglia. La exploración no elude sus textos de historia económica y ambiental, pero tampoco los utiliza simplemente para contrastarlos con aquellos de la segunda mitad de los años 90, en los que su interés por la dimensión política, jurídica e institucional de la historia rioplatense adquiere evidencia y centralidad. El trabajo, recurriendo a otros registros de intervención del autor analizado, trata de dejar a la vista qué es lo que finalmene anuda el modo en que Garavaglia ha pensado históricamente la relación entre las instituciones y las sociedades. ; The way in which concern for institutions appears in Juan Carlos Garavaglia's written work is analyzed. The exploration does not elude its economic and environmental history texts, but it does not use them simply to contrast them with those of the second half of the 90s, in which its interest in the political, legal and institutional dimension of rioplatense history acquires evidence and centrality. The work, resorting to other intervention records of the analyzed author, tries to expose what finally ties the way in which Garavaglia has historically thought about the relationship between institutions and societies. ; Fil: Barriera, Darío. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. CONICET; Argentina

International audience ; An exercise in symptomatic reading, this paper studies Alan Duff's Once Were Warriors (1990) from a postcolonial perspective. It claims that the novel invokes Oceanic memory more than its author is willing to admit. Against the author's intention and ideology, a close examination of the narrative's turning point presents Grace's suicide as an occasion to revisit the history of Aotearoa/New Zealand from times prior to contact with Europeans – including times of so-called Māori 'slavery' – down to the 19th-century British settlement. The novel's pivotal passage is also seen as a piece of Māori cosmogony revisited: Grace may be said to reenact the founding myth of Hine-Tītama/Hine-nui-te-pō's flight from her incestuous father into the night. In addition, by encroaching upon the Pakeha owner's land, she can be said to create a terrain of difference where the cultural and political values of Aotearoa/New Zealand might be negotiated anew. Like the novel's multiple shifting narrators, and like Duff himself, she constructs 'interstitial intimacy' where readers get glimpses of an 'insider's outsidedness', to use Homi Bhabha's phraseology. This paper suggests that a productive and creative memory of the Maori minority as a social agent may be seen at work throughout Once Were Warriors

Social security and taxation operate jointly to overcome individual deprivations, reduce income inequality and promote development, bringing 'taxation into social protection analysis and planning'. There are several ways in which governments can create fiscal space to finance social protection programmes (e.g. social pensions). The idea is to create new sources of revenue –sustainable in the long-run – which can be used to finance social pensions, without building new liabilities and without distorting macroeconomic stability. The literature specifically addressing the potential fiscal space that could be created to finance social pensions is limited. This paper aims to begin filling some of those gaps and identify sources for creating fiscal space for social pensions through the revenue side (i.e. examine the revenue-generating potential of taxation for social pensions). Specifically, examine the potential funding power of three types of taxes (income tax, corporate tax, and trade tax) using cross-country tax revenues and tax rate data in a global perspective. The paper demonstrates that the three taxes have a revenue-generating potential to finance social pensions in several countries. There is not a magic prescription useful for every country, but there are numerous options to design a tailored mix of sources to create fiscal space. ; This study was funded by Help Age International, while the author was a Research Fellow ; Peer reviewed

At present the land subsidence has been the main geological disaster in the plain area of China, and became one of the most serious disaster that restrict the social and economic sustainable development, it also is an important content in the project of national geographic conditions monitoring. With the development of economy and society, Beijing as the capital of China has experienced significant population growth in the last few decades which led to over-exploitation of the ground water to meet the water demand of more than 20 million inhabitants, especially in the urban region with high population density. However, the rainfall and surface runoff can't satisfy the need of aquifer recharge that product the land subsidence. As China's political center and a metropolis, there are a lot of large constructions, underground traffic projects and complicated municipal pipeline network, and Beijing is also an important traffic hub for national railway and highway network, all of them would be threatened by the land subsidence disaster. In this article the author used twenty ENVISAT Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images acquired in 2008 June–2010 August and ten TerraSAR images acquired in 2011 June–2012 September were processed with Small Baseline Subset SAR Interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) techniques, to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of land subsidence in the urban area of Beijing.

En el artículo me propongo analizar la noción de "resistencia" en la obra de Judith Butler, para examinar cómo la autora fue complejizando su teoría y sus reflexiones. Parto del concepto de "subversión performativa", fundamental en sus primeras obras, para luego vincular la performatividad con la precariedad y llegar así a una teoría performativa de la asamblea. Anima este trabajo el objetivo de repensar formas de resistencia que radicalicen y pluralicen la democracia, en el sentido que Ernesto Laclau y Chantal Mouffe le han dado al concepto de democracia radical y plural. ; In the article, I seek to analyse the notion of "resistance" in Judith Butler's work, to examine how the author has deepen her own theory and reflexions. I begin with the concept of "performative subversion", fundamental in her first works, and then I connect performativity and precarity to finally develop a performative theory of assembly. This article aims at rethinking ways of resistance that radicalise and pluralise democracy, in the meaning that Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe gave to the concept of "radical and plural democracy". ; Fil: Nijensohn, Malena. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

In this essay the development, since 1992, of the concept of European citizenship is traced, alongside the changing attitude of the author towards this novel status. The blurred edges of the concept are explored. Connecting factor to European citizenship is the possession of the nationality of a member state. Is nationality identical with 'peoples' in the Treaties? And: are member states the masters of definition of who are their nationals? And is the status of European citizen really dependent on the nationality of member states, or is it gradually the other way round, given the view of the ECJ that the first is 'intended to be the fundamental status'? Although there is no transfer of competence of nationality law, nevertheless domestic laws should have 'due regard to European law.' In Rottmann a decision by national authorities was subjected to the European principle of proportionality, in Tjebbes a whole legal provision in the national law of the Netherlands was, according to the AG, not in line with Union law. This is a constitutional battle, as the definition of its nationals is a constituent part of being a (member) state. Brexit sheds a new light on the importance of Union citizenship, primarily as its entrance to the freedom of movement. Finally, a number of loose ends are identified and questions formulated.

© The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 131 (2018) 239-243, doi:10.3354/dao03299. ; Chemical carcinogen biomarkers can validate public investment in environmental remediation. A major factor driving the clean-up of Boston Harbor, MA, USA, induced by the federal Clean Water Act legislation of 1972, was the high prevalence of petroleum and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon contaminant-associated liver neoplasia in winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus in the harbor in the 1980s. In the present study, we examined the spatial and temporal relationships between the suspended solids and contaminants in the municipal sewage discharge, and liver neoplasia and histopathology in flounder, from 1987 to 2017. Toxics source reduction, sewage treatment, and sludge removal in the 1990s and outfall relocation offshore in 2000 enabled a decreasing prevalence of persistent toxic chemicals in flounder, effluent, and sediment, and consequent disappearance of liver neoplasia and reduction of neoplasm-associated, hydropically vacuolated biliary epithelial cells to background levels. This supports long-term investment in elimination and treatment of anthropogenic waste streams and the value of federal regulatory mandates to maintain and improve regional environmental quality. ; This work was supported by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and US Public Health Service (USPHS) grant CA/ES44306.