Search results

Intro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Aim and Objectives of the Book -- 1.2 The Background -- 1.2.1 The Background of PFIPs -- 1.2.2 The Definition of PFIPs -- 1.2.3 The Feasibility of the PFIPs -- 1.2.4 The Worldwide Legislation on PFIPs -- 1.3 Research Questions -- 1.3.1 Research Question 1 -- 1.3.2 Research Question 2 -- 1.3.3 Research Question 3 -- 1.3.4 Research Question 4 -- 1.3.5 Research Question 5 -- 1.3.6 Research Question 6 -- 1.4 The Contribution of This Research -- 1.4.1 Research Gap Filled -- 1.4.2 UNCITRAL Guidance Transferred -- 1.4.3 Global Harmonization Contributed -- 1.5 Methodology -- 1.5.1 The Doctrinal Approach -- 1.5.2 The Theoretical Approach -- 1.5.3 The Comparative Approach -- 1.6 Outline of the Book -- 1.6.1 Chapter 1 Outline -- 1.6.2 Chapter 2 Outline -- 1.6.3 Chapter 3 Outline -- 1.6.4 Chapter 4 Outline -- 1.6.5 Chapter 5 Outline -- 1.6.6 Chapter 6 Outline -- 1.6.7 Chapter 7 Outline -- 1.6.8 Chapter 8 Outline -- 2 The Necessity of Reforming Chinese Legislation on PFIPs -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Impact of PFIPs in China -- 2.2.1 The Developing History of PFIPs in China -- 2.2.2 The Benefits Brought to China by PFIPs -- 2.3 The Shortcomings of China's Current Laws on PFIPs -- 2.3.1 Chinese Laws on PFIPs -- 2.3.2 The Shortcomings -- 2.4 The Possibility of Legislative Reform -- 2.5 The Aims of the Reform of Chinese Legislation on PFIPs -- 2.5.1 Facilitate PFIPs -- 2.5.2 Establish a National Comprehensive Legislation -- 2.5.3 Balance the Interests of Private and Public -- 2.5.4 Embody Marketisation -- 2.5.5 Approach International Standard -- 2.6 Conclusion -- 3 The Guidance Made by UNCITRAL as International Standards -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The International Agreements and Treaties Related PFIPs -- 3.2.1 WTO -- 3.2.2 OECD -- 3.2.3 World Bank.

Numerous prominent theories have relied on the concept of 'audience costs' as a central causal mechanism in their arguments about international conflict, but scholars have had greater difficulty in demonstrating the efficacy and even the existence of such costs outside the bounds of game theory and the political psychology laboratory. We suggest that the audience costs argument focuses too narrowly on the likelihood that leaders will be removed from office by domestic constituencies for failing to make good on threats. Instead, we argue that scholars should ground these arguments on Alastair Smith's broader concept of 'competency costs.' Our analysis of presidential legislative success from 1953 to 2001 demonstrates the existence of foreign policy competency costs by showing that public disapproval of presidential handling of militarized interstate disputes has a significant and substantial negative impact on the president's ability to move legislation on domestic issues through Congress. Adapted from the source document.

Across four self-contained essays, this dissertation seeks to identify which features make international organizations (IOs) effective peacemakers in modern civil wars. The first essay introduces an original dataset on the institutional design of 21 peace-brokering IOs between 1945 and 2010. The second essay contains a statistical study of 122 IO civil war mediation episodes, examining how variation in institutional design affects outcomes. The third essay presents an in-depth case study, comparing interventions by the Arab League and the United Nations in Syria in 2011 and 2012. The fourth essay is a statistical examination of how IO member state biases influence mediation effectiveness. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates that the performance of peace-brokering IOs cannot be accurately evaluated without taking institutional variation into account. IOs display considerable heterogeneity in de­sign and capabili­ties and this variation has implications for the nature and effectiveness of IO interventions. Quantitative evidence reveals that IOs with strongly centralized instruments for supporting mediation and, in particular, peacekeeping operations are more likely to end civil wars. Qualitative evidence shows that IOs with such capabilities can engage in interventions of greater scope and credibility, enhancing their ability to shape the calculations of civil war disputants. Combined, the studies suggest that although institutional capabilities are necessary for sustained intervention effectiveness, they are conditioned on other organizational attributes. IOs with high preference homogeneity can signal intervention durability, giving them an edge over IOs with divided memberships. IOs that contain member states that have pro­vided direct support to civil war disputants outperform IOs that lack such member states. ; This dissertation consists of four self-contained essays dealing with different aspects of conflict management by international organizations. Essay 4 previously appeared in 2014 as "Leanings and dealings: Exploring bias and trade leverage in civil war mediation by international organizations" ( International Negotiation, 19 (2), 315–342).

The paper draws attention to the peculiarities of the regulation of obligations arising as a result of unfair competition within the framework of international legal documents. The authors emphasize the fact that, unlike other types of non-contractual cross-border relations, obligations arising from unfair competition often have a public character. According to the authors, this particular feature is the determining factor in the conflict of law and substantive regulation of these obligations.The paper notes that the formation and development of the conflict of law and substantive regulation of obligations in relation to the unfair competition were significantly influenced by the norms of international treaties. In particular, they include the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, and Regulation (EU) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and the Council dated July 11, 2007."On the law to be applied to non-contractual obligations" ("Rome II"). Nonetheless, a reasonable conclusion is that the international legal instruments governing the obligations that have arisen as a result of unfair competition include substantive law, aimed at preventing unfair competition. As a rule, these are norms aimed at finding particular ways to solve the problem of conflict of obligations arising as a result of unfair competition.

La 4e de couv. indique : "Les interventions consignées dans cet ouvrage permettent de prendre la mesure des exigences de la transparence et des aspirations à la gouvernance citoyenne qu'elle engendre dans les démocraties contemporaines au sein des différents champs du droit public (droit constitutionnel, droit des libertés, droit administratif et finances publiques) et aux différents niveaux de gouvernement (local, national et européen)

Abstract
Social work practice in a global context requires an understanding of the cross-cultural nature of practice settings in local communities and globally. One step to developing this understanding of the internationalisation of social work education, including the student internship, is to incorporate supervision by local practitioners and educators. A qualitative interview study of fourteen social work students from Australia, New Zealand, Europe and the USA completing internships in the Southwest Indian state of Kerala revealed themes of increased practice knowledge, practice skills, understanding of cross-cultural values and ethics, critical reflection and research skills development as a result of reflexive supervision provided to them by practitioners in their internship agencies and faculty from their host and home institutions. This challenging of views within one's own culture, promoted by supervision, leads to increased capacity to engage in critical anti-oppressive practice amongst social workers.