Suchergebnisse

Dangerous of climate change is now global problem and as such has a strategic priority also for the European Union. Europe and European citizens try to do their best to cut greenhouse gas emissions, moreover they substantially encourage other nations and regions to follow the same way. The European Commission and a number of Member States have developed adaptation strategies in order to help strengthen EU's resilience to the inevitable impacts of climate change. The EU has long been a driving force in international negotiations on climate change and was instrumental in the development of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. As the world's leading donor of development aid, the EU also provides substantial funding to help developing countries tackle climate change problem. Global warming influences human health, biodiversity, ecosystems but also many social and economic sectors. The aim of this paper is to focus on impact of claimant change on for food security. Food security challenges are directly related to globalization, climate change. It means that current and future food policy is exposed to all cross-cutting and that must be linked with environmental and climate targets, which supposed to be achieved. In the 7th EAP —The new general Union Environment Action Program to 2020, called "Living well, within the limits of our planet" EU has agreed to step up its efforts to protect natural capital, stimulate resource efficient, low carbon growth and innovation, and safeguard people's health and wellbeing– while respecting the Earth's natural limits.

The article is a summary of a research programme utilising aggregate data at the communal level to explore regional variations in Social Democratic and Communist electoral strength. These variations have persisted since the party split of 1920. The most important factors explaining electoral strength seem to be geopolitical, geoeconomic, or organisational in nature. Political developments preceding the Civil War do not seem to be very significant.

"This collection explores the discursive strategies and linguistic resources underpinning conflict and polarization, taking a multidisciplinary approach to examine the ways in which conflict is constructed across a diverse range of contexts. The volume is divided into two sections as a means of identifying two different dimensions to conflict construction and bridging the gap between different perspectives through a constructivist framework. The first part comprises chapters looking at socio-political conflicts across specific geographic contexts across the US, Europe, and Latin America. The second half of the book unpacks socio-cultural conflicts, those not defined by physical borders but shaped by ideological differences on core values, such as on religion, gender, and the environment. Drawing on frameworks across such fields as linguistics, critical discourse analysis, rhetoric studies, and cognitive studies, the book offers new insights into the discursive polarization that permeates contemporary communicative interactions and the ways in which a better understanding of conflict and its origins might serve as a mechanism for providing new ways forward. This book will be of particular interest to students and scholars in critical discourse analysis, linguistics, rhetoric studies, and peace and conflict studies"--

The sixth chapter on social policy. Sketch of an ontology for social sciences deals with "space matter", i.e. categories that can be used to describe and analyse the spatial dimension of social phenomena. It has a special status because, in this area, I feel that, more than in others, it is necessary to start by deconstructing widely held beliefs in academia, as well as in those of expertise or political action, which is fuelled by my commitment to a series of controversy about the spatial dimension of economic activities. I have chosen to present these controversy briefly because it seems to me that they make it possible to perceive the ambiguities and difficulties encountered when dealing with the 'space matter', some of those difficulties arising from forms of rebuilding the spaces themselves or from some of their characteristics, thus presenting ontological aspects. I will start by presenting some of the beliefs I have observed, and criticised from my research, before proposing a possible approach to this essential dimension of social phenomena. ; Le sixième chapitre de Matière sociale. Esquisse d'une ontologie pour les sciences sociales traite de la « matière spatiale », c'est-à-dire des catégories que l'on peut utiliser pour décrire et analyser la dimension spatiale des phénomènes sociaux. Il a un statut particulier parce que dans ce domaine, j'ai le sentiment qu'il faut, plus que dans d'autres, commencer par déconstruire des croyances très répandues dans les milieux académiques comme dans ceux de l'expertise ou de l'action politique, ce sentiment étant alimenté chez moi par mon engagement dans une série de controverses sur la dimension spatiale des activités économiques. J'ai choisi de présenter succinctement ces controverses parce qu'il me semble qu'elles permettent de percevoir les ambiguïtés et les difficultés auxquelles on se trouve confronté lorsque l'on aborde la « matière spatiale », une partie de ces difficultés résultant de formes de réification des espaces eux-mêmes ou de certaines de leurs ...

The sixth chapter on social policy. Sketch of an ontology for social sciences deals with "space matter", i.e. categories that can be used to describe and analyse the spatial dimension of social phenomena. It has a special status because, in this area, I feel that, more than in others, it is necessary to start by deconstructing widely held beliefs in academia, as well as in those of expertise or political action, which is fuelled by my commitment to a series of controversy about the spatial dimension of economic activities. I have chosen to present these controversy briefly because it seems to me that they make it possible to perceive the ambiguities and difficulties encountered when dealing with the 'space matter', some of those difficulties arising from forms of rebuilding the spaces themselves or from some of their characteristics, thus presenting ontological aspects. I will start by presenting some of the beliefs I have observed, and criticised from my research, before proposing a possible approach to this essential dimension of social phenomena. ; Le sixième chapitre de Matière sociale. Esquisse d'une ontologie pour les sciences sociales traite de la « matière spatiale », c'est-à-dire des catégories que l'on peut utiliser pour décrire et analyser la dimension spatiale des phénomènes sociaux. Il a un statut particulier parce que dans ce domaine, j'ai le sentiment qu'il faut, plus que dans d'autres, commencer par déconstruire des croyances très répandues dans les milieux académiques comme dans ceux de l'expertise ou de l'action politique, ce sentiment étant alimenté chez moi par mon engagement dans une série de controverses sur la dimension spatiale des activités économiques. J'ai choisi de présenter succinctement ces controverses parce qu'il me semble qu'elles permettent de percevoir les ambiguïtés et les difficultés auxquelles on se trouve confronté lorsque l'on aborde la « matière spatiale », une partie de ces difficultés résultant de formes de réification des espaces eux-mêmes ou de certaines de leurs ...

The personal social services in Sweden have undergone major changes during recent decades, partly due to the reforms caused by the influence of New Public Management (NPM) and partly due to the trend towards greater specialisation. These changes have had consequences for both social work management and for social work practice. The consequences for practice have gained attention both from research and from the field, but the consequences for managers have rarely been discussed. In this thesis therefore, the attention is directed towards the managers. Inspired by a mixed methods approach, this thesis aims to explore the personal social service managers' perceptions of their organisational conditions and the content of their everyday work, as well as to interpret the managers' experiences against the background of NPM influence, increasing specialisation and the specific circumstances that come with managing politically governed organisations. The results show that the personal social service managers in general were former professionals with extensive social work experience. The managerial work was to a great extent perceived as reactive, entailing constant interruptions and acute situations. The managers experienced a heavy workload that appeared to prevent them from engaging in strategic work and leadership to the extent that they would have liked. Substantial proportions of managers were dissatisfied with their own levels of influence compared to that of politicians and, in general, the managers perceived themselves to have more influence regarding aspects that were operational (such as methods and working procedures) compared to aspects related to organisational structure. Through the managers' descriptions of their relations with politicians, it was revealed that the roles could be muddled, and that both managers and politicians could have difficulties in distinguishing between politics and administration, or politics and profession. Several changes that could be attributed to the influence of NPM were described by the managers. Some changes had consequences for the more technical side of management, e.g. decentralised budget responsibility, increased focus on cost effectiveness and downsizing of support functions. Other changes were more related to the overarching concept of management, which had consequences for the choice of managerial training, the expectations placed on the managers, and to some extent the managers' own views on what good management should be. Despite the many indications of changes that may be attributed to NPM, an important result in this thesis is that NPM does not appear to have permeated social work to the degree that might have been expected. Rather, there are clear indications of a remaining professional identity among managers on all managerial levels, as well a continuing bureau-professional regime within the personal social services.

Published in 1998. The question of whether democracy and development are allies or adversaries has long been debated and with the triumph of the democratic spirit worldwide the relationship between democracy and development has once again come to attract much attention globally. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the developments in Eastern Europe led to considerable rethinking in political circles on the efficacy of the economic policies pursued in those countries and the long-term viability of political systems prevalent there. Elsewhere, several newly industrialized countries are striving to consolidate their gains, though there are differing perceptions of whether their politics conform to the classical framework of democracy or not. In a remarkable turn-around, some other countries have initiated measures for economic reforms and structural adjustment, setting aside their earlier approaches towards economic management. In short, the last decades of this millennium have witnessed meaningful efforts worldwide on forging a new partnership between democracy and development. In February 1996, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association jointly organized a conference entitled 'Parliamentary Democracy and Development': Allies or Adversaries?' with the Wilton Park, an international agency of the British Commonwealth and Foreign Office in Wilton House, West Sussex, United Kingdom. The week-long conference brought together parliamentarians, diplomats, administrators, political scientists, economists and specialists from all over the world. The participants shared their views and experiences on diverse aspects of the main theme. This publication presents an essentially parliamentary perspective on the correlation between democracy and development based on the discussions at the Wilton Park conference and in the light of current thinking on the subject matter.

Explored are quantitative dimensions of the interdependence of rich & poor regions in the context of the UN World Model. Work on that model is extended in three ways: (1) by updating some of the key parameters & exogenous variables in light of recent data; (2) by developing a "control" solution to be used as a point of reference in policy simulations; & (3) by exploring the sensitivities of each of two groups of regions -- developed & developing -- to changes in one another's growth rates. Goals of closing the income gap between developed & developing regions & of increasing income levels in the latter are discussed. 5 Tables, 1 Figure. HA.

This book investigates the Internet as a site of political contestation in the Indian context. It widens the scope of the public sphere to social media, and explores its role in shaping the resistance and protest movements on the ground. The volume also explores the role of the Internet, a global technology, in framing debates on the idea of the nation state, especially India, as well as diplomacy and international relations. It also discusses the possibility of whether Internet can be used as a tool for social justice and change, particularly by the underprivileged, to go beyond caste, class, gender and other oppressive social structures. -- Provided by publisher.