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International and national legislation in the field of normative and legal regulation of state aid is considered. Their complex interrelation and influence on the mechanism of receiving state aid is investigated. The main trends in the field of state assistance during the coronavirus pandemic are analyzed. The main criteria of its recognition and classification as state aid measures are studied. Based on the results of the analysis of the concept of «state aid», its characteristic features are formed and highlighted. The mechanism of assessment of admissible state aid in European practice is investigated. The directions of state aid which are considered admissible according to the legislation are considered. The influence of normative and legal regulation on state aid accounting is established. The concept of state aid as an object of accounting is studied. The common and distinctive features of state aid accounting in accordance with the International Accounting Standard 20 «Accounting for State Grants and Disclosure of State Aid Information» and Regulation (Standard) of Accounting 15 «Income» are considered. ; Розглянуто міжнародне та національне законодавство у сфері нормативно-правового регулювання державної допомоги. Досліджено їх комплексний взаємозв'язок та вплив на механізм отримання державної допомоги. Проаналізовано основні тенденції в сфері надання допомоги від держави під час пандемії коронавірусу. Досліджено основні критерії її визнання та зарахування до заходів державної допомоги. За результатами аналізу поняття «державна допомога» сформовано та виокремлено її характерні риси. Досліджено механізм оцінки допустимої державної допомоги у європейській практиці. Розглянуто напрями державної допомоги, які вважаються допустимими згідно з законодавством. Встановлено вплив нормативно-правового регулювання на бухгалтерський облік державної допомоги. Досліджено поняття «державної допомоги» як об'єкта бухгалтерського обліку. Розглянуто спільні та відмінні риси бухгалтерського обліку державної допомоги згідно з Міжнародним стандартом бухгалтерського обліку 20 «Облік державних грантів і розкриття інформації про державну допомогу» й Положенням (стандартом) бухгалтерського обліку 15 «Дохід».

This study evaluates the effectiveness of workshops within English classes for Japanese music college students. The objective is to enhance the international orientation of music students and to foster intercultural understanding, as well as self- and other-understanding. The participants were 42 second-year students classified as "false beginners" at the CEFR A2 level of English proficiency. These students had limited basic English abilities and little practical use experience, with a background of low motivation for learning English. The study, designed as an alternative to traditional English remedial education, involved eight workshop-based lessons over one year. The post-workshop survey revealed that students recognized the importance of the workshops, gained a deeper understanding of internationality, and improved their communication skills and self-other understanding. However, limitations of the study include its focus on a small group of music students, reliance on self-reported data, and the absence of long-term follow-up. These factors hinder the generalization of the results and assessment of long-term effects. Future improvements and effective implementation of workshop-based programs are anticipated to address these limitations.

"Is it in America's nature and self-interest to ally with other states or to go it alone? Jason W. Davidson documents and explains the full array of alliances that the United States has agreed to since 1778, when it allied with France during the Revolutionary War. He challenges the belief that the default setting for the nation is to shun international alliances, showing that this has been true in practice only if one uses a narrow, legalistic definition of alliance. In fact, US presidents and Congress have viewed it in the country's best interest to enter into a variety of formal and informal security arrangements over virtually the entire course of the country's history. Davidson documents thirty-four defense pacts, military coalitions, or security partnerships to date. He argues that the US demand for allies is best explained by looking at variance in its relative power and also in the threats it has faced. While there have been more alliances since World War II than preceding it, alliances are hardly an aberration in US history. The book offers a corrective to long-held assumptions about US foreign policy and is relevant to current public and academic debates about the costs and benefits of America's allies"--

STARPTAUTISKĀS MIGRĀCIJAS PROCESI UN LATVIJAS POLITIKA PĒC PIEVIENOŠANĀS ES PROMOCIJAS DARBA ANOTĀCIJA Atslēgas vārdi: darbaspēks, darba tirgus, imigrācija, emigrācija, pārvaldība. Promocijas darbā ir analizēti faktori, kas, balstoties starptautiskā pieredzē, visbūtiskāk ietekmējuši migrācijas pārvaldību globalizācijas vidē. Īpaša uzmanība ir pievērsta ES tiesiskajai un politiskajai attīstībai, veidojot imigrācijas politiku atbilstoši ekonomiskajiem un sociālajiem izaicinājumiem. Analizējot migrācijas politikas modeļus, darbā ir veikti speciāli apsekojumi par lielāko un ietekmīgāko Latvijas uzņēmēju un darba devēju interesēm šajā sakarā. Lai nostiprinātu eksportspējīgo nozaru potenciālu, ir analizēts jautājums par augsti kvalificētā darbaspēka piesaistīšanu un augstākās izglītības internacionalizācijas potenciālu. Lai viens no darbaspēka avotiem nākotnē būtu efektīva reemigrācijas politika, promocijas darbs ietver analīzi par Latvijas iedzīvotāju emigrācijas tendencēm un likumsakarībām ekonomikas kontekstā. ; INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION PROCESSES AND LATVIA'S POLICY AFTER ACCESSION TO THE EU Annotation of the Doctoral Dissertation Key words: labour force, labour market, immigration, emigration, governance. Doctoral dissertation analyze those factors which have an impact on migration policies in global environment. Author pays special attention to the political and judicial development of the EU competences regarding migration issues facing the economic and social challenges. Analyzing different migration policy models within EU dissertation includes special surveys and sociological research regarding the largest and the most influential Latvian business interests on labour force and migration. To strengthen the role of potential export in national economy Latvia depends on highlyskilled labour force and internationalization of education system. Dissertation also contributes to the analysis of the emigration trends and assess the preconditions for effective policy as as future source for labour market demand.

AbstractThis paper outlines recent data collection tools and methodologies that the International Organization for Migration (IOM) has been using in order to gather information on human mobility as influenced by environmental factors and their impacts. It looks at alternative ways for collecting and analysing data in the face of methodological challenges related to the multicausality of movements, the voluntary/involuntary continuum in human (im)mobility decisions in the context of environmental and climate change, and the policy and epistemological imperative from viewing migration as an adaptation strategy. The paper finds that certain data collection approaches can be quickly deployed in rapid‐onset disasters as well as applied in contexts of gradual, slow‐onset environmental change to provide information useful for operational responses to immediate crises and/or for developing policies in response. Some of the tools can be useful in both contexts and may support both immediate and long‐term operational, policy and research objectives.

No campo da segurança nuclear (nuclear security), a não proliferação de armas atômicas é tema patente desde o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, em especial durante o período da Guerra Fria. De fato, conformou-se, neste momento, um conjunto amplo de regras, normas e organizações direcionadas para conter o avanço das armas nucleares. Essas instituições tornaram-se mecanismos fundamentais no que concerne à condução das relações internacionais contemporâneas. Tendo esse cenário em perspectiva, o presente artigo busca analisar os rumos do regime internacional de não proliferação nuclear desde a década de 1960, destacando as diferenças entre três períodos (décadas de 1950-1960; décadas de 1970-1980; décadas de 1990-2000). Dentre as principais modificações, destaca-se uma mudança de ênfase nas relações internacionais, em direção a aspectos de seguridade nuclear (nuclear safety) principalmente após o acidente de Chernobyl (1986).
Palavras-Chave: regimes internacionais; segurança internacional; não proliferação de armas nucleares, Guerra Fria, segurança nuclear.


Abstract: In the field of nuclear security, the non-proliferation of atomic weapons is a core issue since the end of the Second World War and especially during the Cold War. In fact, during this period, it has been designed a wide set of rules, norms, and organizations, which were directed to counter the advance of nuclear weapons. These institutions became fundamental mechanisms to the conduction of contemporary international relations. Considering this scenario, this article aims to analyze the directions of the international regime for nuclear non-proliferation since the 1960's, highlighting the differences within three periods (1950's-1960's; 1970's-1980's; 1990's-2000's). Among the main modification, we highlight a change in emphasis towards issues related to nuclear safety, especially after the Chernobyl accident (1986).
Key-Words: International Regimes; International Security; Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons; Cold War; Nuclear Safety.


Recebido em: abril/2017
Aprovado em: dezembro/2017

A pervasive force that evades easy analysis, globalization has come to represent the export and import of culture, the speed and intensity of which has increased to unprecedented levels in recent years. The Cultures of Globalization presents an international panel of intellectuals who consider the process of globalization as it concerns the transformation of the economic into the cultural and vice versa; the rise of consumer culture around the world; the production and cancellation of forms of subjectivity; and the challenges it presents to national identity, local culture, and traditional forms of everyday life. Discussing overlapping themes of transnational consequence, the contributors to this volume describe how the global character of technology, communication networks, consumer culture, intellectual discourse, the arts, and mass entertainment have all been affected by recent worldwide trends. Appropriate to such diversity of material, the authors approach their topics from a variety of theoretical perspectives, including those of linguistics, sociology, economics, anthropology, and the law. Essays examine such topics as free trade, capitalism, the North and South, Eurocentrism, language migration, art and cinema, social fragmentation, sovereignty and nationhood, higher education, environmental justice, wealth and poverty, transnational corporations, and global culture. Bridging the spheres of economic, political, and cultural inquiry, The Cultures of Globalization offers crucial insights into many of the most significant changes occurring in today?s world. Contributors. Noam Chomsky, Ioan Davies, Manthia Diawara, Enrique Dussel, David Harvey, Sherif Hetata, Fredric Jameson, Geeta Kapur, Liu Kang, Joan Martinez-Alier, Masao Miyoshi, Walter D. Mignolo, Alberto Moreiras, Paik Nak-chung, Leslie Sklair, Subramani, Barbara Trent.

This book discusses in detail the analysis and monitoring of the most important analytes in the environmental field. It also reviews the implementation, realization and application of sensor designs mentioned in the first volume of this set, dividing the coverage into global parameters, sensors of organics and sensors of inorganics. Ligia Maria Moretto graduated in Chemical Engineering at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and received her PhD in 1994 from the University Ca' Foscari of Venice with a thesis entitled 'Ion-exchange voltammetry for the determination of copper and mercury. Application to seawater.' Her academic career began at the University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil and continued at the Research Institute of Nuclear Energy, Sao Paulo, Brazil. In 1996 she completed the habilitation as researcher in analytical chemistry at the University Ca' Foscari of Venice. Working at the Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors, her research field has been the development of electrochemical sensor and biosensors based on modified electrodes, the study of gold arrays and ensembles of nano electrodes, with particular attention to environmental applications. She has published more than 60 papers, several book chapters and has presented about 90 contributions at international conferences, resulting in more than 1100 citations. Prof. Moretto collaborates as invited professor and invited researcher with several institutions in Brazil, France, Argentina, Canada and the USA.Kurt Kalcher completed his studies at the Karl-Franzens University (KFU) with a dissertation in inorganic chemistry entitled 'Contributions to the Chemistry of Cyantrichloride, CINCCI2'; he also received his PhD in 1980 from the same institution. In 1981 he then did postdoctoral work at the Nuclear Research Center in Jülich (Germany) under the supervision of Professor Nürnberg and Dr. Valenta and conducted intensive electroanalytical research while he was there. Prof. Kalcher continued his academic career at KFU with his habilitation on chemically modified carbon paste electrodes in analytical chemistry in 1988. Since then, he has been employed there as an associate professor. His research interests include the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors for the determination of inorganic and biological analytes on the basis of carbon paste, screen-printed carbon and boron-doped diamond electrodes, as well as design, automation and data handling with small analytical devices using microprocessors. He has published around 200 papers and has presented about 200 contributions at international conferences. These activities have resulted in more than 3100 citations. Prof. Kalcher has received numerous guest professor position offers in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Poland, Slovenia and Thailand.

"Türkiye'de Özelleştirme Uygulamalarında Uluslararası Doğrudan Yatırımların Yeri ve Etkileri" Hüseyin YILDIRIM Dünyada özellikle 1980"li yıllarda, ülkemizde ise 24 Ocak 1980 reform program ile beraber başlayıp günümüze kadar uzanan liberalleşme sürecinde önemli sonuçlarından birisi özelleştirme olmuştur. Özelleştirme ile de küreselleşme sürecinin en hızlı gelişme kaydeden doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarından daha fazla pay almak amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de doğrudan yabancı sermaye ve özelleştirme arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaktır. Bu araştırma, 1986-2013 arasındaki zaman dilimi için gerçekleştirilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda, özelleştirmenin tarihçesi ile özelleştirme uygulamaları sonucu ülkemize gelen yabancı sermayenin bölgeleri, sektörleri ve miktarı üzerine değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. ; During the Privatizatıon Process in Turkey Location of International Direct Investment and Effects Hüseyin YILDIRIM In the 1980s, especially in the world, our country, starting with the January 24, 1980 to present the reform program extending liberalization, privatization has been one of the important results. Customizing with the rapid development of the globalization process that saves a greater share of foreign direct investment was intended to take. The aim of this study in Turkey to investigate the relationship between foreign direct investment and privatization is. This research is carried out for the period between 1986-2013. As a result of the study, the results of privatization privatization practices with history of foreign investment in our country's regions, sectors and evaluations are made on the amount of

Front Cover; Beyond the Age of Waste: A Report to the Club of Rome; Copyright Page; Preface by Aurelio Peccei; Preface; Table of Contents; Members of the Working Party; Chapter 1. Introduction; Chapter 2. Energy; 2.1. Introductory remarks; 2.2. Energy demand and energy saving; 2.3. Energy sources; 2.4. Secondary energy systems; 2.5. Regional implications of the energy problem; 2.6. Conclusions and recommendations on energy; Chapter 3. Materials; 3.1. Introductory remarks; 3.2. The supply of materials; 3.3. The life cycle of materials; 3.4. Materials technology.