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This report on Sudan's Investment Climate Assessment (ICA) provides a baseline assessment of challenges to productivity, diversification and inclusion. Chapter 1 describes some of the questions underlying the three issues of competitiveness, diversification and broad-based growth. Chapter 2 analyzes firm performance and competitiveness. Chapter 3 discusses markets and trust. Chapter 4 describes the role of the financial sector. Chapter 5 analyses the informal sector. Chapter 6 discusses the conflict-affected private sector development. Chapter 7 discusses regional inclusion, and Chapter 8 makes some preliminary conclusions and recommendations.

Spatial inequality is an important feature of many developing countries that seems to increase with economic growth and development. At the same time, there seems to be little consensus on the causes of spatial inequality and on a list of effective policy instruments that may foster or reduce spatial inequality. This paper examines the theoretical and empirical literature on spatial inequality to learn what we know and do not know about the causes of spatial inequality, to investigate what policies may or may not ameliorate spatial inequality, and to determine whether policy makers can identify and implement policies that promote or reduce spatial inequality.

A~ & & rczejty coTlheoo MAY, J899 Oettysbmr ercory CONTENTS. " She Stoops to Conquer," 81 A Lesson from an Inscription,. 86 America in the 20th Century,. 90 Wages of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, 92 Moral Growth in College 9S A Bicycle Episode, 98 In Memoriam, Adonais Eycidas, 101 Editor's Desk 106 The Qualities of Present-day Wit 108 History of the Phrenakosmian Society.—1831-1882 no r FAVOR THOSE WHO FAVOR US. For Fine Printing GO TO ^illS The J. E. WIBLE m .PrintinQ Rouse Carlisle Street, GETTYSBURG, PA. C. B. Kitzmiller, Dealer in Hats, Caps, Boots and . Douglas Shoes GETTYSBURG, PA. J. H. Myers, Fashionable Tailor, Clothier and Gents' Furnisher. The best place in town to have your Cloth-ing made to order. All workmanship and Trimmings guaranteed. No charge for re-paVrsamlVessing for one year D.™ and Repairing a specialty. Ready-maae Clothing the largest stock in town Up-to-date styles. Bicycle Suits and Breeches Headquarters. 11 Baltimore St., Gettysburg, Pa. R. A. WONDERS, Corner Cigar Parlors. A full line of Cigars, Tobacco, Pipes, Etc. Scott's Corner, Opp. Eagle Hotel. QETTYSBURQ, PA. EDGAR S. MARTIN, Fi^CIGARS AND SMOKERS' ARTICLES. Chambersburg St., Gettysburg. ~JOHN M. MINNIGH, Confectionery, lee, .ndiee Cream* Oysters Stewed and Fried. No. 17 BALTIMORE ST. Like to ////// lam Spanish ? 2z An easy lan-guage to learn. Hossfeld's Spanish Method. Self-teaching. Sl.00 S"a"ish-English,English-Spanish Diction y. SI.00 HmsleWs Italian Method. Self-leaching. SI.00 Italian-English, English-Italian Dictionary. S1.00 IlossfehVs German Method. Belt-teaching. SI.00 German-Eiiolish.Higlish-GermanDictionary.^.m IlossfchVst \h Method. BclMnohiiig. $1.00 French-English, English-French Dictionary. $2.00 Brookt' \st Latin Hook-. SOcts. Latin-English, English-Latin Dictionary. 82.00 Urooks' 1st Greet: Lessons. 50 ctB. Greek-English, English-Greek Dictionary. S3.00 Literal Translations of the Classics—Latin, Greek, German, French. Eighty-live volume*, told separately, fiO cts. ea-c-hh,. Sendfor Int. HTHDS & NOBLE, Publishers t-5-13-14 Cooper Institute N. T. City Schoolboohs ofall pub- orsome other lishers at one store. 1////////// y\ language? .THE. GETTYSBURG MERCURY Entered at the Postoffice at Gettysburg as second-class matter. VOL. VIII. GETTYSBURG, PA., MAY, 1899. No. 3 Alumni Editor. REV. F. D. GARLAND. Editor-in- Chief. J. FRANK HEILMAN, '00, Assistant Editors. IlUTHER A. WEIGLE, '00. S. A. VAN ORMER, '01. Business Manager. Assistant Business Manager. JOHN K. HAMACHER, '00. CLARENCE MOORE, '02. Advisory Board. PROF. J. A. HIMES, LIT. D. PROF. G. D. STAHLEY, M. D. PROF. J. W. RICHARD, D. D. Published monthly by the students of Pennsylvania (Gettysburg') College. Subscription price One Dollar a year in advance, single copies Fifteen Cents. Students, Professors and Alumni are cordially invited to contribute. All subscriptions and business matter should be addressed to the Business Manager. Articles for publication should be addressed to the Editor. Address THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY, GETTYSBURG, PA. 1 "SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER." AS in the world of nature, so in the realm of art and letters, there are varied phases of worth and beauty, different de-grees of excellence. But each separate work of art has its place in the grand whole of earth's literature, its mission to fulfill, just as every part of nature's unity is adapted to meet some one of the many needs, the varying moods of man. In the physical world the valley has a peace, as the mountain peak a grandeur ; the violet a tenderness, as the oak a strength ; the brook ripples ' tighter, while the cataract roars thunder. Each has an individual beauty, each performs its appointed task. L,ethim, to whose soul appeals the awful majesty of nature, stand in wonder at the brink of Niagara, or silent within the shadow of snow-capped Alps. One whose heart responds to a gentler touch may find greater joy in the sunlit meadows, or by a quiet stream. Perhaps he lacks strength to climb the steep mountain I 82 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. path, or courage to face the spray from a dashing torrent. Shall he less enjoy the breath of a forest flower, or the voice of a wood-land bird ? There are times when the soul struggles skyward, and stands with a Shakspere on some lofty summit, from whose height is caught a glimpse of the vast panorama of human history; or times when the soul loses itself in the sublime music of a Brown-ing's mighty thought; but there are also seasons where the mind turns for recreation and refreshment to rest by the laughing brook of a Goldsmith's fancy. So to-day we leave the heights of philos-ophy to spend an hour in the pleasant vale of humor. Someone has classified Man as the only animal having the power of laughter, and while the definition is hardly an exhaust-ive one, it is by no means inapt. And surely there can be no more wholesome sound than the audible expression of a pleasant emotion, the merry, ringing laugh whose spirit is everywhere in-fectious, whose very memory is refreshing, the beneficent effect of which can hardly be overestimated. The ancients recognized the value of a cheerful spirit when they ascribed joy and mirth to the Muse of Comedy, and prepared systematic entertainment for the cultivation of the humorous sense. Modern writers of high ability have deemed it not unworthy of their inspired pens to in-voke Thalia. A keen sense of the comical, a faculty for seeing the humorous side of life and depicting it, is everywhere regarded as a happy gift. Perhaps no author has possessed this gift in greater degree than Oliver Goldsmith, and surely no drama of modern times, in apt illustration of ludicrous situations, in the power to provoke expressions of mirth, can take the place of his comedy "She Stoops To Conquer." From the time of its first production on the stage, when it was unanimously granted by an enthusiastic audience chief place in comedy, up to the present time, " She Stoops To Conquer " has won commendation, both for its literary and its dramatic merit. As a play it is essentially a comedy. For tho' the situations are at times so ludicrous as almost to partake of the nature of a farce, yet the plan of the whole is connected, the conversations, while humorous, are not undignified, the incidents, tho' often ridiculous, are never grotesque ; and these considerations, to-gether with the real literary excellence displayed in skillful delineation of characters, in ready adaptation of words to thought, THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 83 unite in raising it above the level of mere farce to the plane of purest comedy. The plot of the play, while not entirely original with Gold-smith, is nevertheless handled by him in a new and attractive manner. He is not the first writer to conceive the idea of a lady's concealing her identity from a bashful lover, but the de-velopment of the story is marked by the author's peculiar mode of thought and expression. Some have even seen in the com-plication of events as portrayed a reference to some personal ex-perience, but be that as it may, the characteristic wit and humor, the individual style, are undoubtedly Goldsmith's own. Whether or not he himself ever committed the blunder of mistaking a private mansion for a public inn, we are not called upon to de-cide. But from what we learn of the man's disposition, such an error seems quite consistent—as is the plan of the play—with his per-sonal character. Eet us note the different actors as they pass before us on the stage. With the art of the true dramatist our author has given in the first scene the back-ground of his picture—in this case a chamber in an old-fashioned English country-house—and with a few brisk dashes of the pen sketched an outline of each character. In the very first conversation we catch the spirit of the situation. But a few words from the worthy dame of the house suffice to show us her shallow and rather vain, tho' withal good-natured disposition; her fondness for dress, only surpassed by a partiality toward her wayward son. Nor are we long in recognizing, from the stately manner, the testy temper of the Squire, a typical English gentleman of the old school, one who loves everything old, " old friends, old times, old manners, old books, old wine." A boisterous laugh, breaking iu on the domestic scene announces the spoiled boy " Tony," who throughout the play is destined to be the torment of his indulgent mother, the practical joker and scapegrace generally. The appearance of " Kate " in all the "pretty innocence" of her girlish finery, brings a breath of sweetness into the atmosphere of comedy. Her manner on re-ceiving the news of a lover's early arrival, while showing the dig-nity of her spirit, yet gives us a hint that she is not incapable of playing a dainty trick. In Miss Neville we have a portrait of the ordinary amiable girl of the period, whose love affair, being more conventional than Miss Hardcastle's, lacks the charm of novelty 84 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. attaching to that of the heroine. Leaving the mansion for an ale-house in scene second we catch another glimpse of "Tony's" disposition, and in the joke practised by him upon the two gentle-men who, he learns, are his father's expected guests, we find the clew to all the subsequent "mistakes of a night." Of the characters of the two lovers, thus tricked, enough is gleaned in the short conversation to excite a keen interest as to the outcome of the adventure. The play glides on with an easy, rapid movement, introducing scene after scene full of exquisite humor, ludicrous incident, and startling situations, yet all connected by the smoothness of a con-sistent whole. In the scene at the Three Pigeons one detects a spice of satire on the sentimental school of drama, in vogue at that time, a bit of pleasantry quite justified by the attitude of critics toward comedy. In the second act, the amusing sight of Mr. Handcastle training his awkward servants how to behave " when company comes " causes a ripple of merriment, but the quaint courtesy he employs in welcoming his guests recalls to our notice the dignity of the Squire, and makes it quite natural for him to be imperious enough on occasion, and very impatient, in the course of events. His indignation at the conduct of his visi-tors is not to be wondered at! Marlowe with his double nature of impudence and modesty is admirably drawn. What could be more delightfully ridiculous than his first meeting with the heroine ? His stammering diffidence, his embarrassed silence— but " Kate" with woman's keen insight, discovers the merit in him, and with woman's ready tact, evolves a scheme to bring it out. To match her lover's spirit she, too, assumes a double character, and well does she maintain it. Her sparkling wit, her lively spirit, her clever disguise, make the " conquest " a glorious one. Mr. Hastings with the policy of a would-be suitor flatters the the vanity of his lady's guardian with splendid effect. He also makes a friend of " Tony," who, glad to be rid of the " bitter bargain " of his Cousin Constance, is willing to serve Hastings to the last drop of his blood ! For all his mischief the boy is good-hearted, and his efforts of assistance tho' clumsy and bungling are well-meant. The theft of the jewels is eminently characteristic of "Tony." But the climax of the ludicrous certainly comes in the scene at the back THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 85 of the garden, when, after driving many miles in a circle, sup-posing herself lost and attacked by robbers, Mrs. Hardcastle falls at the feet of her husband, and begs him to " take compassion, good Mr. Highwayman"—within forty yards of her own door. The crisis past, as is usual in drama the closing scenes are given to making up differences and setting everything right, so that all ends " merry as a marriage bell," and we are left to sup-pose— as fairy-tales say—they " lived happy ever afterwards." In relation to its own time '' She Stoops To Conquer '' easily holds first place among dramas of the eighteenth century. For at the time of its presentation, as we are informed in the Prologue, the Comic Muse was on the point of breathing her last, having been almost smothered by the atmosphere of sickly sentimental-ity and affectation then prevailing. But the fresh, healthful air of Goldsmith's delightful humor seems to have revived her. Hence it is but true poetic justice that the " sweet maid " should award first honor to her rescuer. As regards our time, or indeed every time, little need be said of the function of comedy. All the world enjoys a laugh, and as long as this '' touch of nature '' remains to humanity the pure fun in Goldsmith's play will be appreciated. There is a permanent place—not only on the shelves of the world's library, but also in the hearts of earth's people, for " She Stoops To Conquer." " Sharan." —ANNA R. WBI,TY. Edition Consulted—Harold Littledale-s, with Introduction and Notes. The voice of one who goes before, to make The paths of June more beautiful, is thine, Sweet May! -Helen Hunt. Now the bright morning star, day's harbinger, Comes dancing from the east, and leads with her The flowery May, who, from her green lap, throws The yellow cowslip, and the pale primrose. Hail bounteous May, that dost inspire Mirth and youth, and warm desire! —Milton. ■ 86 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. A LESSON FROM AN INSCRIPTION. EARL,Y in June of their Junior year in Pennsylvania College, Will Gray and Harry Brane, as was their custom, left their boarding house immediately after supper for a stroll on the Battlefield. A shower, during the afternoon, had cooled the air, though it did not make walking unpleasant on the avenues. They walked leisurely past the National Cemetery, seemingly unconscious of their surroundings,—they had become accustomed to historic en-vironment,— and soon found themselves on Culp's Hill; where, partially hidden from the slanting rays of the sun by the foliage of the trees, they sat down for a little rest. They were somewhat warm by study, and especially by an ex-amination during the afternoon ; but as they sat here, thoughts of the examination were driven from their minds by the panorama that presented itself to their gaze. Eagerly they looked at the surrounding scenes: before them was that magnificent equestrian statue of Gen. Hancock and the group of monuments that sur-round it, all marking the spot where contending forces struggled. Farther in the distance they could but dimly distinguish the shafts on the field of the first day's fight; through the gathering haze of evening they could yet see the observatory on Big Round Top, and while looking in that direction they saw the emblem that waved in triumph there during the battle lowered over Meade's Headquarters. Feeling the need of more exercise and being somewhat rested, Will suggested that they go to Spangler's spring. Harry con-sented and soon they were descending the eastern slope of the ridge, shut off from the rays of the waning sun but enjoying the cool, invigorating breeze. As they proceeded Harry broke the silence. '' Will," said he, "the inscription on yonder stone fills me with sadness whenever I look at it, or even think of it; it seems too bad that the state of Maryland should have to make the distinction." They stopped and looked at the stone; its peculiar shape had attracted their attention before, but on no previous occasion had the inscription struck Will so forcibly, if, indeed, he had ever thought of it at all. Now he read aloud, '' Maryland's Tribute To Her Loyal Sons." THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 87 I Having passed a few comments on the great evil of holding human souls in subjugation, and on the great misfortune that it was started in this "Land of the Free," they walked leisurely on, little dreaming that at the end of their journey their attention should be called to the same inscription on another monument. As they proceeded they commented on the artistic design, the classic figure, the coat of arms, the corps badge, or whatever was particularly attractive about the several monuments along the avenue. Soon they arrived at the spring where they beheld a man sit-ting at the trunk of a large tree near by. As they advanced, the gentleman raised his head from a posture of meditation and said, "Good evening, young gentlemen." The boys returned the sal-utation, observing at the same time that his eyes were full of tears. He presented the general appearance of sadness. Will, extending a glass of water, addressed him, "Do you care for any?" "Thank you," said he, as he rose to his feet and took the glass in his large but pale hand. He was tall and well proportioned, though his face was some-what wrinkled and his hair and beard were gray with advancing years. The thirst of all having been satisfied, the stranger asked, "Are you students at Gettysburg?" Simultaneonsly they replied, "We are." "I assumed as much," said the gentleman, "for my long expe-rience and association with young men has led me to think I can tell students when I see them." "Then you are a teacher, I infer," said Harry. "Yes, I have taught in a North Carolina College since'68;" he replied, and continued, "I find delight in dealing with young men, I enjoy seeing the mental unfolding and the development of man-hood and character, but I shudder when I think of the possible course of each—excuse me, joung gentlemen, I do not wish to— I forget myself sometimes." Here the gentleman was filled with emotion by some thought that we were curious to know because of its effect upon him. While he thus struggled with some inward force there was a profound silence. The shades of night had already begun to settle, and through the leaf-latticed windows of the sheltering foliage we 88 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. could see scattered stars. The pale moon was also visible, for the sky had cleared and was without a cloud. The song of the whip-poorwill, mingled with the chirp of crickets and the croaking of frogs made it all the more dismal. As the boys looked upon the struggling man, many thoughts came to their minds, and finally Harry said, "My dear sir, you need not hesitate to point out to us anything that you, with your broad experience, have found detrimental." "Your observation may save us much trouble," added Will. "My story, boys, is the burden of my own heart; and this is, in many respects, the most impressive spot in the world to me. On yonder monument is an inscription that tells the sad story. '' My father owned a few slaves in southern Maryland at the break-ing out of the Civil War, and naturally, he favored the South. My mother, a Northern lady by birth, was opposed to slavery and had long plead with father to free those he then owned. This he would not do. She constantly prayed that her sons would not take up arms against their Nation's flag and fight for a 'curse' to humanity. Her only children, Charles and myself, had frequently during family worship, heard her offer this petition: in fact, we had promised that we would not do so. ' 'To avoid being pressed into the service both of us left home to visit mother's parents in Massachusetts. Before leaving, while on our knees, our mother asked God to give us strength to carry out our purpose. Both of us had graduated at Harvard, my brother in the class of '58 and I in in the class of '59. Charles responded to the President's call for troops and, by request, was assigned to a Maryland regiment. A few days after he left, I received a letter from a former associate of mine stating that I could have a Captain's commission in the Confederate army if I would ac-cept it. At first I spurned the idea, but I could not drive it from my mind. Later, I begati to consider that during the disturbance I could not engage in business, that father's property might be con-fiscated or destroyed, and I would be penniless in the world. These thoughts I could stifle, but when I would picture to myself the officer drawing big pay, and above all wearing epaulets, and holding a commission, I could not resist. I went south and joined the Confederate army ! O, why did I do it! I had gone through the great University and withstood all THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 89 temptations : I had abstained from the use of liquor in all forms ; I had done all my work honestly; in short, I had led a practically pure life throughout my college course, and now could not con-quer my desire for vain glory and aggrandizement! I had forgot-ten my mother's prayers and my promise to her. I was deaf, dumb ! I loved the 'Stars and Bars,' because under that emblem I received my honor. O delusive phantom !'' Here he sobbed as a child. Presently he continued,' 'The war progressed; my brother and I both fought here ; I as a captain un-der an unjust flag, a rebellious emblem; he as a private, under the Stars and Stripes of Liberty. He fell here on that fatal day of July '63; I retreated with the army to Virginia, not knowing that, had I listened during the night I might have heard him in his death agony ! He died a hero and a patriot; I lived a rebel. Yonder inscription, 'Maryland's Tribute To Her Loyal Sons,' in-cludes him, but oh! it condemns me ! Mother died during the war and father, a Confederate Colonel, was killed at Antietam. I alone remain, and I often wish I too had fallen on the field of bat-tle in the height of that vain glory and enshrouded in that uniform —wearing those gilded epaulets, that allured me from the path of duty and right. Young men, I came to a realization of my mis-take too late, but I endeavor by my experience to lead others to see the folly of worldly praise." During the recital of these events, their companion spoke with an impressive earnestness. At the conclusion they walked to town together. He gave them his card in exchange, and they left him at his hotel. Deep and lasting was the impression made by this sad story on the students ; so deep and permanent was it that after fifteen years, they refer to it as if it were lately heard. The impression made entered into and influenced the lives of the boys, and the good results are now visible in their ministry. The new-born May, As cradled yet in April's lap she lay. Born in yon blaze of orient sky, Sweet May ! thy radiant form unfold, Unclose thy blue voluptuous eye, And wave thy shadowy locks of gold. ■—Erasmus Darwin. go THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. AMERICA IN THE 20TH CENTURY. THE history of the world is the sum of the histories of nations. Some have come into being, and like the mist of an early summer's morning, have passed into utter obli-vion ; others into comparative insignificance, yet each working out its own destiny. The story is one; the nations are but chap-ters. The story of the world is the story of a progress which had its beginnings, its marvelous advancement, but which has not yet attained its end. Each century is not only the heir of the past, but the past repeated in an ever enlarging horizon. The nineteenth century has gathered up into itself all that was of permanent value in the eras that have gone ; but is at the same time only the last expression of an impulse that has been strengthening from the beginning. At the dawn of the twentieth century we look out upon a new era in which not might but love shall be the dominant principle. The early stage of humanity made warfare and strife a neces-sary characteristic of the race. The survival of the fittest seemed to be the ruling spirit. But with the evolution of society the pre-texts of war have changed. The stream of history which had its origin on the coasts of the Mediteranean and is fast reaching the remotest parts of the earth, reveals human warfare in an entirely different light. It is the struggle of civilization against the modes of barbarity, each chapter describing its own influence upon society. May we not believe that the brightest chapter of the world's history is the history of America. Our political family is a pecu-liar one. Its citizens are representatives of almost every nation of the world. Men of different languages, manners and aptitudes are here thrown together, the result of which must be a new man. As the florist crosses and recrosses the various species of the lower order until there is developed a new plant of surpassing growth and beauty, so this silent yet continuous process of mixing is de-veloping in the American people a new race which promises to be the greatest factor of the 20th century civilization. I can not conceive that our government is only a fanciful creation of the mind, which like a bubble, floats gently and majestically on the placid bosom of the stream of history only at last to be seized by the swiftness of the tide and hurled against the rock of destruc- THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 91 tion. Rather is it the beginning of a realization of the Utopian dreams of the ancient philosophers. We are accustomed to censure the nations of Europe at whose hands our fathers were driven forth to the wilds of America, but we must not forget that such persecution was neces-sary to the ethical evolution of the race. Character can be formed only under freedom from political coercion. Such freedom was guaranteed by the constitution which united the American colo-nists into a great government '' of the people, by the people and for the people." The flower of character is love, which is only another name for altruism, the impulse which makes a man seek for his highest happiness in the welfare of another. And it is with a view to this altruistic spirit that we look for the future greatness and integrity of our land. Do you ask what we have done to merit such high claim. Is it nothing, then, that from the beginning of our existence as a government we have afforded a refuge for the oppressed and wretched of all lands ? Is it nothing that we have sent of our substance to the starving and distressed of far off India, China, and Africa? Is the justice and humanity which we have ex-hibited in our warfares only the passing dreams of a sleeping na-tion ? What was it that caused us to permit those who in our late Civil War wantonly caused the death of so many thousands of their fellowmeu to live in safe obscurity beneath the shelter of a government they sought to overthrow? For shame to those, who in our late war with Spain, could use the revengeful battlecry, " Remember the Maine." This was not the spirit of the nation. I,ove! Eove! was its motto. The great powers of Europe boast of their twentieth century civilization, yet before their very thresholds they permit the per-petrations of atrocities that can be compared to those of the Mid-dle Ages only. Humanity and justice are sacrificed for selfish interests. Not so with America ! The cry of the oppressed for liberty rings across the sea, and like a flash the answer flies back, "In the name of Humanity receive thou it." In the name of Humanity we have taught the world that here the progress of civilization has reached that stage of development where it can no longer permit the rude barbarism of the past ages, but will hurl itself before the iron tread of the oppressors, and having smit-tem them to the earth will yet look upon them with compassion, 92 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. and in the face of a glorious victory utter the tender admonition : " Boys, don't cheer, the poor fellows are dying." What though the arts have reared few monuments among us, and scarce the trace of the muse's footstep is found in the path of our forest, or along the banks of our rivers, yet our soil has been consecrated by the blood of heroes, and by great and holy deeds of peace. This the Goddess of Liberty is proclaiming to the very isles of the seas. A government standing on such principles can rightly claim the favor of the God of nations ! There are those who look with apprehension upon the newly proposed policy of the United States. They point us to Greece, whose very hills resounded under the eloquence of a Demos-thenes, to Rome who held the nations of the world spell-bound un-der her material powers. Yet, say they, to-day there is no Greece ; there is no Rome. It is not alone art and philosophy, nor politics and jurisprudence that form the safeguard of a nation. These are only the pharaphenalia of Government. Its true splendor is em-bodied in its ethical character, the ideals which it seeks to realize. It is this which has placed America on its proud eminence. It is this which at the end of the nineteenth century, we offer as our tribute to the new era upon which we are about to enter. Because America is the incarnation of this altruistic impulse, her integrity and stability are assured, and in the coming century she will direct the world's progress toward that far off period to which the human mind looks for the fulfillment of its vision of a perfect social state. —T. J. R., '99. WAGES OF MASSACHUSETTS AND PENNSYLVANIA. IT is surprising to note how that a state so heavily handicapped in the race for prosperity as Massachusetts is, may by good management and good political economy be placed in that en-viable position of being as is claimed, the state that pays its labor-ers the highest wages in the Union. Think of the various difficulties that she has to grapple with. She is compelled to bring all her raw materials, food and fuel vast distances, thus adding greatly to the cost of production, and hence necessarily subtracting from the wages; yet, notwithstand-ing these drawbacks, she stands at the head in the amount of wages paid to laborers. THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 93 Of course we must take into consideration the fact that the laborers of Massachusetts are of a comparatively high state of in-tellectual capability, and are as Walker says, "so gifted with mechanical insight and aptitude as to acquire the rudiments of any art in an astonishingly short time," thus by their very con-stitution helping in the race for prosperity. In the case of Pennsylvania, we have a state directly opposite to Massachusetts in many respects. She is not compelled to haul her raw materials, food, fuel, any great distances, for her soil amply supplies the wants of the people. To gain an adequate idea of how the two states compare in the wages paid to laborers, it is pertinent to give some data for the average individual wages of various occupations. The average number of laborers em-ployed in the particular industry and the average amount of wages paid per man per annum are given: ♦INDUSTRIES. Agricultural implements Baskets, rattan and willow ware Blacksmithiug and wheelwrighting Book-binding Man. boots and shoes Boxes, fancy and paper Bread and other bakery products Brick and tile Carpentering* Cotton goods, + Cutlery Foundry, machine and chop products- Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel Masonry Painting and paper hanging Plumbing and gas-fitting Printing of newspapers Silk and silk goods Tobacco, cigars and Cigarettes S S 2 a d p.- a a & w 787 932 3,257 1,829 69,934 2,710 4,479 3,261 17,092 76,213 1,784 25,027 4,675 1,604 10,384 6,145 4,532 5,996 3,216 2,835 1,895 172 4,773 1,962 7,952 2,503 6,915 1,361 12,727 12,960 1,047 40,635 15,941 86,437 13,854 6,558 4,205 10,658 9,522 18,969 t»a o $570.17 $474.16 $96.01 387.07 422.56 641.29 507.76 133.53 445.67 440.65 5.02 499.75 421.20 78.55 354.94 279.60 76.34 553.96 495.06 58.90 334.39 342.67 707.29 683 51 23.78 344.16 369.29 509 53 484.61 24.92 619.04 592.29 26.75 319.84 296.89 22.95 491.31 563.13 701.75 665.85 35.94 667.33 660.06 7.27 665.73 642.22 23.51 691.19 616.21 74.98 403.10 313.09 90.01 517.63 341.19 176.44 0 K'n 135.49 8.28 25.13 71.82 * Statistics from 11th commercial census. X The difference may be accounted for by the fact that Massachusetts employs six women to one man. The Massachusetts data are obtained from the average reports of 26,923 industries, those of Pennsylvania from the averaged re-ports of 39,339 industries. In Massachusetts the average number of people employed is 485,182 receiving $239,670,509 in wages;in Pennsylvania the average number employed is 620,562 receiving $305,590,003 as wages. The average amount of wages paid a Massachusetts laborer is $494 per annum; average amount paid a Pennsylvania laborer is $492.44 per annum. 94 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. I say we wonder how it is that Massachusetts, destitute of agreeable climate, of navigable rivers and lakes, of iron and copper, silver and gold, cotton, wool and other raw materials, of coal, oil, wood and other fuels, wheat and corn, cattle, rice, sugar, fruit and other foods,—is able to pay more to her laborers than is Pennsylvania, which is admirably situated, plentifully supplied with the necessaries of life, with fuel and metals. How is it that Massachusetts being compelled to transport com-paratively all of her raw material can pay these wages ? Let us take a look at the people, at their qualities, and I think we can read our answer there. The people are intelligent, therefore are able to work to their best interests; are, because of their intelligence, capable after a short apprenticeship able to manipulate the most intricate machin-ery ; they are not strongly attached to any given community, but are ready to move about if their best interests call for it; are alert, aggressive, inquisitive, all of which qualities are essential to a la-borer in order that he may get what is properly his. The people of Massachusetts coming the nearer to having these qualities from the theoretical standpoint, obtain the larger wages, as must inevita-bly follow. Seeing now that the Massachusetts laborer obtains the more wages, it is pertinent for us to inquire whether the wage earner of Massachusetts has so much more left over from his earnings after his expenses have been paid than has the laborer of Pennsyl-vania. As has already been mentioned Massachusetts has prac-tically no raw materials, no fuel and no food. She is compelled to bring her raw materials, food and fuel vast distances, and it is undoubtedly true that this necessity of her's to transport her supplies, increases the prices of the things greatly. On the other hand Pennsylvania produces, within her own boundaries, all the raw materials that she needs, hence the retail price of goods is less than in Massachusetts. It is an acknowledged fact that the cost of living is higher in Massachusetts than in Pennsylvania. And since the average wages of the two states differ but by $1.56 in favor of Massachu-setts, we are justified in concluding without further demonstration, that the difference in the wages is not as great as supposed, and that the balance is in favor of Pennsylvania. —H. C. R. THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 95 MORAL GROWTH IN COLLEGE. TO those who have had the privilege of spending four years at college the affirmation of "moral growth in college" may-seem somewhat inconsistent with what they experienced. In regard to the individual, as a rule, the opposite is noticeable. We have seen young men, who came from Christian homes and were known to have been active in Christian work before entering college, from the beginning of their course, begin to decline mor-ally and ere long behaving in a manner unbecoming to any pro-fessed follower of the Master. The reason why it is so easy for students to become careless during their college course is obvious. Students in general live in a little world of their own. Many of them are completely iso-lated from society and all are free from the responsibilities of ac-tive life. Those with whom they come in contact, are young, hopeful, and vivacious. The jests and laughter of merry com-panions oftentimes cause them to forget the wise counsel of loving parents and drowns the sound of the still small voice." Other things being equal, our college days ought to be happy days in our life's history. We know, however, that many by forming a wrong conception of what their college days are for and by not heeding the obligations and responsibilities that are in-volved upon them as students, have turned the joy into sorrow, the blessing into a curse, and blighted the hopes of those who loved them best. The failures, that are made in college, are generally due to bad influences that are brought to bear upon students on entering col-lege. Some are very susceptible to the evils that are usually lurking around college and they become contaminated imme-diately. It is very seldom, if ever, that a student, who entered college without conditions, is dismissed for not being able to keep up with his class. If a student has been sick, he is treated very leniently by the professors, and when it is hard for a student to grasp his studies, if his instructors know that he is an honest, hard-working student, he is generally marked so that he can get along with the class; when a student has been expelled, it is quite likely that he has been careless and mischievous and al-though, at times, it may seem hard to do it, still in the end it may be best, for all concerned, that such severe measures are 96 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. taken. There is an evil idea that is prevalent in college: the notion that one is not held accountable for what he does morally. Students have been guilty of doing things, that outside of college, would have branded them as criminals. When we consider the matter thoughtfully we can readily see how misleading that feel-ing is. The fact, that what we do during that period is going to influence our future usefulness, ought to weigh heavily with us ; besides we owe it to our friends, to society, and to God, to make the most out of our opportunities and to remember that it is not only a preparation for life but that it is an important part of our lives. Among the different agencies, in college, that are intended to develop the moral side of the student, that of the Young Men's Christian Association is without doubt the one most potent in either preventing him from neglecting his Christian duties, or if he is not a Christian in leading him to accept his Master. The organization stands for all that is noblest and best in elevating the lives of the students to a higher plane of Christian manhood, and judging by the marked success with which it is meeting, it is deserving of the encouragement and prayers of all interested in higher education. For the benefit of the alumni and others who may be inter-ested but unacquainted with the work of the Y. M. C. A. in our own college, we can truthfully say that it is flourishing at pres-ent and the spiritual condition of the institution is considered to be at a high standard. The society has enthusiastic officers and leaders in the different departments of the work, who, we feel sure, will carry on the work very efficiently during the coming year. The improvement, in the moral condition of the college dur-ing the last few years, is recognized by all the older students of the institution, who are interested along the line we have been indicating. There are more students in college to-day with the idea, that to have a good time during their college days does not consist in disobeying divine and college laws, which would be likely to bring them into trouble and disgrace, but that there are innocent enjoyments to participate in, the validity of which is not questionable. Since we have been engaged in writing this article, it has given us pleasure to see the enthusiasm of those taking part in the THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 97 different college sports and manifesting what we consider to be true college spirit. The track team men are practicing hard and a good showing for the team can be expected. The baseball team is doing fairly well this spring and gives promise to be an honor to the college. The musical talent of the college has been gath-ering in front of the dormitory during the beautiful spring even-ings and the campus has rung with songs and merry laughter. If you were to have the pleasure of witnessing these scenes, it is not likely that you would have your ears insulted by bad language. We do not wish to create a false impression and have you think that profanity is obsolete around the college, for it is not; but we do not mean to intimate that it is not encouraged but rather is looked upon as detracting from the popularity of those who are guilty of it. We believe that all who are interested in the col-lege will agree with us that its moral condition is very essential, and our desire is that it may have its proper place in college in-terest. Alumni when inquiring about the college affairs ought to remember it, for perhaps the fulfillment of many of your hopes that are centered here is conditioned on the moral influence of the institution. Shall we not encourage and pray for all the agencies that are helpful in promoting it ? c*p The daisies peep from ev'ry field, And vi'lets sweet their odor yield'; The purple blossom paints the thorn, And streams reflect the blush of morn. —Peter Pindar. Among' the changing- months, May stands confessed The sweetest, and in fairest colors dressed. —Thomson. 98 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. A BICYCLE EPISODE. ALBERT LATIMER was a young man from a small town of Pennsylvania, who came to college when seventeen years old. Albert's father though not wealthy, was able to send his son to college with a modest allowance for pleasure and comfort. But when Albert left home his father said among other parental advices, " Now Albert be careful of your money, don't spend it foolishly." And I think his words were heeded. Young Latimer was a youth of ordinary ability, he had very good chances of making a scholar of himself, for he was ambi-tious. He had a strong, healthy body, a little above the average build and weight, and, as he grew older, he thought he would de-velop and perhaps become guard or tackle on the "Varsity" eleven. He had other ambitious, however, besides football. He was a plodder and hoped to become a professor upon receiving his degree. His intention was to make the most of his time and this he did. About a week after entering college, when he was comfort-ably settled in his college quarters, he began taking little trips over the battle-field, after his studies for the day were done, visiting some special point of interest each evening. He was delighted with the wheeling the excellent avenues afforded. Ever since he began the study of History in the public schools Abert always had admired "The Battle of Gettysburg" and that was one of the topics he always had "learned by heart." He had heard and read about Devil's Den, Little Round Top, the Peach Orchard, Valley of Death, the High Water Mark, Bloody Angle, and Culp's Hill. Now since he attended a college situated on this great field, he had an excellent opportunity of seeing and learning all about these places, and in less than a week he might have conducted a party of tourists over the field, lecturing as fluently and eloquently as any of the famous battle-field guides. One evening in September he took his wheel and started for Culp's Hill. It was at this place that some of the most bloody fighting occurred. Culp's Hill lies South of the town, and from a distance you can see an observatory on the summit. Numerous monuments mark the positions of the different divi-sions of troops. The earthworks are still noticeable. On the top of the hill stands a small monument that is pointed out to every THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 99 visitor because it is the only confederate monument on the field. Spangler's spring is at the base of the hill on the opposite side from which you approach. It was at this spring and over this hill that I ©utfite Complete Catalogue Spring and Summer Sports Free. The Name the Guar-antee." a. ©. Spalftlng 8. JBros. New York .\ Philadelphia •.• Chicago ROWE, .Your Grocer. Carries Full Line of Groceries, Canned Goods, Etc, Best Coal Oil and Brooms at most Reasonable Prices. OPPOSITE COLLEGE CAMPUS. S. J. CODORI, Jr. *M Druggist** Dealer in Drugs, Medicines, Toilet Articles, ^ Stationery, Blank Books, Amateur Pho-tographic Supplies, Etc., Etc. .Baltimore Street. R. H. Gulp, PAPER HANGER, Second Square, York St. COLLEGE EMBLEMS. EMIL ZOTHE, ENGRAVER, DESIGNER AND MANUFACTURING JEWELER. 19 S. NINTH ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. SPECIALTIES: Masonic Marks, Society Badges, College Buttons, Pins, Scarf Pins, Stick Pins and Athletic Prizes. All Goods ordered through . H.Tilp. Gotrell Leonard! 472-474 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. makers of CAPS, GOWNS and. HOODS To the leading American Colleges. Illus-trated Manual, etc., upon application. Meneely Bell Co. TROY, N. Y. MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERIOR BELLS The 2000 pound bell now ringing in the tower of Pennsylvania Col-lege was manufactured at this foundry. PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS. You can't expect to create the im-pression that yon are well dressed unless your clothes are MADE FOR YOU. Equivocate as you may, the fact remains that ready-made garments lack that air of exclusiveness which custom work possesses. J. D. LIPPY, Merchant Tailor 39 Chambersburg- St., Gettysburg-, Pa. G. E. SPANGLER, j» Dealer in Pianos, Organs, Music, Musical Instruments, Strings, Etc. YORK STREET, 1ST SQUARE. GETTYSBURG. L. D. Miller, Grocer, Confectioner and Fruiterer. Ice Cream and Oysters in Season . . . \9 Zrtairt St., Gettysburg. City Hotel, Main St. Gettysburg. J* Free 'Bus to and from all Trains Thirty seconds' walk from either depot Dinner with drive over field with four or more, $1.35 Rates $1.50 to $2.00 per day. John E. Hughes, Prop. WILL INSUREYQUR^ FAMILY ONEYEAR/ i pA6AINSTlLLNE55.1 PHYSiciANs"& PLUMBERS' BILLS.DUETO IMPURE AIR , iFROMCLOGGEDDRAINS., L To/ifrAiPf/i RLBANY.NYJ flew York. Bos/on. Sanfranc/sco. London. PamJerM Co/o^/je. CALL ON F. Mark Bream, The Carlisle Street Grocer Who always has on hand a full line of Fine Groceries. JfXLd^ .Photographer. No. 3 Main St., GETTYSBURG, PENNA. Our new effects in Portraiture are equal to photos made anywhere, and at any price.

Beginning in the late 1980s many developing countries turned to the private sector to provide basic infrastructure and utility services, such as highways, railroads, water, wastewater, electricity, gas, and telecommunications. Recent studies suggest that private involvement often benefited customers and reduced government fiscal problems without harming employees or enriching private providers excessively. There were enough high-profile failures, however, to discredit this reform in many quarters. Private involvement is likely to be more successful if it generates real efficiency gains rather than simply transferring costs among parties, if the systems of regulating the private companies are politically sensitive as well as technically competent, if the costs and constraints of private capital are not excessive, and if we are willing to adopt more modest and gradual schemes in difficult circumstances.

DER VÖLKERKRIEG BAND 9 Der Völkerkrieg (-) Der Völkerkrieg Band 9 (9 / 1917) ( - ) Einband ( - ) [Abb.]: Rudolf Stöger-Steiner, Edler von Steinstätten. K. u. K. österreichisch-ungarischer Kriegsminister ( - ) Titelseite ( - ) Impressum ( - ) Der Völkerkrieg. Die Ereignisse an der Westfront im vierten Kriegshalbjahr. Belgien während des vierten Kriegshalbjahres ( - ) Die Ereignisse an der Westfront im vierten Kriegshalbjahr (161) Die Schlacht vor Verdun und die übrigen Kämpfe an der Westfront bis zur Sommeschlacht (161) Ein Vierteljahr der Verdunschlacht (161) Das Seegefecht bei Zeebrügge (164) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein deutscher Vorposten in den Dünen Flanderns (2)Die Gefechtszentrale des Kommandanten Kapitän Mörsberger, von der aus das Feuer der deutschen Artillerie an der flandrischen Küste geleitet wird ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die deutsche Kolonie in Westend-Dorf mit Laufgräben im Vordergrund (2)Deutsche Heldengräber in den Dünen ( - ) Von den deutschen Luftangriffen auf Dünkirchen (165) Bixschoote (166) Die Trichterkämpfe bei St. Eloi. Vom 27. März bis 21. April 1916 (167) [2 Abb.]: (1)Aus einem zerschossenen Schloßpark mit Granatlöchern vor Ypern (2)Ein deutscher Schützengraben in Flandern ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein deutscher Beobachter in vorderster Linie (2)Ankunft französischer Gefangener auf dem Bahnhof Laon ( - ) Der Vorstoß auf den Westhang der Vimy-Höhe. Am 21. Mai 1916 (172) Die Beschießung von Lens durch die Engländer. Die Beschießung von St. Dié (174) Aus den Kämpfen im Ober-Elsaß (175) Episoden (177) Deutsche Schipper. Papier und Metall (177) Die Munitionskolonne (177) In der Picardie (178) Das einsame Geschütz (178) C'est un petit Bismarck (179) Die Schlacht vor Verdun und die übrigen Kämpfe an der Westfront bis zur Sommeschlacht. Zweiter Teil. Vom 21. Mai bis 23. Juni 1916 (180) Chronolog. Uebersicht nach den Meldungen der deutschen Obersten Heeresleitung (180) [2 Abb.]: (1)Kanadier in einem Schützengraben Nordfrankreichs (2)Blick in einen deutschen Minenstollen, 60 Meter unter dem Schützengraben ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Das Kampffeld im Priesterwald (Hexenkessel) vom deutschen Graben aus gesehen. Im Vordergrund eine 21-cm-Granate, die nicht krepierte (2)Ein Waldlager deutscher Truppen in Lothringen. - Reisighaufen verdecken die Eingänge zu den Wohnhöhlen ( - ) [Tabelle]: Die Kämpfe unserer Flieger im Monat Mai waren erfolgreich. (187) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine deutsche Patrouille in den Vogesen (2)Ein deutscher Offiziersunterstand in den Vogesen ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein Bergabhang in den Vogesen mit deutschen Unterständen (2)Auf einem Verbandplatz in den Vogesen, dicht hinter der Front ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Generalmajor Prinz Franz von Bayern (2)Hauptmann Kalau vom Hofe (3)Französische Gefangene werden von deutschen Offizieren verhört ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)General d. Inf. v. Mudra in seinem Standquartier (2)Typen französischer in den Kämpfen bei Verdun gefangen genommener Soldaten ( - ) Der französische Gegenstoß auf Douaumont. Vom 22. bis 25. Mai 1916 (193) Die zweite Erstürmung der Panzerfeste Vaux. Vom 2. bis 7. Juni 1916 (195) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über das Kampfgelände um das Fort Vaux nach der "Illustration" (197) [3 Abb.]: (1)Leutnant Rackow (2)Leutnant d. R. Ruberg (3)Aus dem eroberten Fort Vaux ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Generalleutnant von Gündel mit seinen Offizieren (2)General d. Inf. Lochow besucht eine Stellung vor Verdun ( - ) Die Erstürmung des Caillette-Waldes und des Dorfes Damloup. Am 1. und 2. Juni 1916 (201) Die Erstürmung der Zwischenwerke von Thiaumont und des Dorfes Fleury. Vom 23. bis 26. Juni 1916 (202) Gefangene aus den Kämpfen um Douaumont und Vaux (204) Der Sturmangriff bei Zillebeke. Am 2. Juni 1916 (206) Episoden (210) Verwundete (210) Wie Reinhold sein Eisernes Kreuz erwarb. Wir kommen von Verdun (211) Die Schlacht an der Somme und die übrigen Kämpfe an der Westfront. Vom 24. Juni bis 1. August 1916 (212) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den Meldungen der deutschen Obersten Heeresleitung (212) [2 Abb.]: (1)Oberstleutnant Raynal der Kommandeur des Forts Vaux (2)Aus dem eroberten Fort Vaux ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Abteilung Turkos auf dem Marsch zur Front rechts der Maas (2)Bei Tahure gefangen genommene Franzosen werden in einer Verpflegungsstation gespeist ( - ) [Tabelle]: Ergebnisse der Luftkämpfe im Juni: (221) [4 Abb.]: (1)Fliegerleutnant Kurt Wintgens erhielt den Orden "Pour le mérite" lt. Meldung vom 1. VII. 16 (2)Fliegerleutnant Mulzer erhielt den Orden "Pour le mérite" lt. Meldung vom 9. VII. 16 (3)Fliegerleutnant Parschau erhielt den Orden "Pour le mérite" lt. Meldung vom 10. VII. 16 (4)Fliegerleutnant Walter Höhndorf erhielt den Orden "Pour le mérite" lt. Meldung vom 15. VII. 16 ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Fliegerleutnant Freiherr von Althaus erhielt den Orden "Pour le mérite" lt. Meldung vom 22. VII. 16 (2)Der vielgenannte französische Kampfflieger Guynemer ( - ) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über die Entwicklung der deutschen Frontlinie in der Sommeschlacht während des Monats Juli 1916 (227) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein englischer Sturmangriff auf die deutschen Linien bei Mametz (2)Das zerstörte Dorf Mametz ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Mit Schießscharten und Drahtverhau versehene Gartenmauer der Ferm Hem (2)Wirkung des Geschützfeuers in einem Wäldchen bei Péronne ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein zusammengeschossener von den Engländern besetzter deutscher Beobachtungsstand aus dem Gebiet der Sommeschlacht (2)Deutsche Gräben und Unterstände aus dem Kampfgebiet der Sommeschlacht ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Durch Artilleriefeuer zerstörte Häuser bei Péronne (2)Reste zerschossener Automobile am Ufer der Somme ( - ) Die Schlacht an der Somme im Monat Juli. Zusammenfassende Berichte aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 22., 24. und 25. August 1916 (237) I. Als nach dem ersten stürmischen Anprall der deutschen Heere unsere Front im Westen aus strategischen Gründen an die Aisne zurückverlegt war,. (237) II. Der Angriff auf eine derart befestigte Feldstellung bedarf erheblicher Vorbereitungen. (238) III. Am 1. Juli 1916 morgens fünf Uhr schwoll auf der ganzen Front von Gommecourt bis Vermandovillers, am meisten aber unmittelbar nördlich und südlich der Somme das Trommelfeuer zu unerhörter Heftigkeit an. (238) IV. Der zweite Tag brachte auf der ganzen Front die Fortsetzung der erbitterten Angriffe. (239) V. Während sich dies im Südabschnitt abspielte, hatten im mittleren Abschnitt, zwischen Somme und Ancre, ebenfalls heftige Kämpfe stattgefunden. (240) VI. Unverzüglich nachdem am 1. Juli die feindliche Absicht einer großen entscheidenden Gesamtoffensive beiderseits der Somme einwandfrei erkannt war,. (241) VII. Ein Vergleich der Schlacht an der Somme und der Kämpfe bei Verdun drängt sich auf. (243) Die Schwaben im Kampf vor Ovillers. Vom 24. Juni bis 7. Juli 1916 (244) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine zerschossene englische fahrbare Schießscharte aus den Kämpfen an der Somme (2)Aus einem erstürmten englischen Schützengraben an der Somme ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Straße in Péronne (2)Die zerstörte Eisenbahnbrücke über die Somme bei Péronne ( - ) Deutsche Artillerie an der Somme (249) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über die englischen Stellungen vor dem Beginn der Sommeschlacht und am 12. Juli 1916 sowie über die deutschen Befestigungen zwischen Ovillers und Hardecourt nach den amtlichen britischen Mitteilungen. Nach der "Illustration" ([251]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein schweres englisches Geschütz hinter der Sommefront wird schußbereit gemacht (2)Kanadische Truppen transportieren ihre Verwundeten in ein Feldlazarett ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine deutsche Stellung am Somme-Kanal (2)Französische und englische Gefangene aus den Schlachten an der Somme vor dem Abtransport auf dem Bahnhof von Péronne ( - ) Der Reiterangriff der Engländer. Vom 20. Juli 1916 (253) Von den Kämpfen um Contalmaison und die Wälder von Mametz und Trônes. In der zweiten Hälfte des Juli 1916 (254) Aus den Kämpfen um Barleux. Während des Monats Juli 1916 (256) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eines der französischen schweren Geschütze, die an der Somme verwendet wurden. Das Geschütz ist auf einem besonderen fahrbaren Caisson montiert, der durch eine Lokomotive oder einen Motor transportiert werden kann (2)Eine englische Haubitze an der Sommefront in Tätigkeit ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Indische Kavallerie an der Somme (2)Deutsche Verwundete aus der Schlacht an der Somme werden in Cambrai in einen Lazarettzug verladen ( - ) Englische und französische Tagesbefehle (258) Von der Artillerievorbereitung und der Kampfesart der Sommeschlacht (260) Von den deutschen, britischen und französischen Stellungen im Sommegebiet (263) Engländer aus der Schlacht (264) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ankunft tonkinesischer Schützen in Paris (2)In der Schlacht an der Somme von den Deutschen gefangen genommene Engländer ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)In den Kämpfen an der Somme gefangen genommene Franzosen werden vom Bahnhof Ham aus nach Deutschland überführt (2)Deutsche betonierte Unterstände an der Sommefront, die zuerst verloren, dann aber zurückerobert wurden ( - ) Die englische Nebenoffensive bei Fromelles. Am 19. und 20. Juli 1916 (267) Im Kugelregen bei Thiaumont (271) Die Kampflage auf dem rechten Maasufer. Ende Juli 1916 (274) Episoden (276) Zehn Stunden in französischer Gefangenschaft. (276) Der Fußball beim Sturmangriff (277) Fesselballon und Flieger (277) Ein guter Schuß (278) Der Verwundete (278) Die deutsche Sprache in Metz (279) Vom Luftkampf (280) Fliegerangriffe auf deutsche Städte (280) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein französischer Lenkballon beim Beginn des Aufstiegs (2)Deutsche Flugmaschine über einem Wald im Westen ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein in Flandern abgeschossenes englisches Flugzeug (2)Ein französisches Flugzeug, das innerhalb der deutschen Linie landen mußte ( - ) Personalien (283) Die Fliegerverluste an der Westfront im Juni und Juli 1916 (284) Von der Berichterstattung der Entente (285) Die Bilanz des vierten Kriegshalbjahres an der Westfront (287) [2 Karten]: (1)Der deutsche Geländegewinn vor Verdun (2)Deutscher Geländeverlust an der Somme (287) [2 Abb.]: (1)Kaiser Wilhelm nimmt auf dem westlichen Kriegsschauplatz den Vorbeimarsch deutscher Truppen entgegen (2)Kaiser Wilhelm an der Westfront im Gespräch mit deutschen Soldaten, die er durch die Verleihung Eiserner kreuze ausgezeichnet hat ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Das deutsche Kaiserpaar und Prinz August Wilhelm von Preußen vor ihrem Quartier an der Westfront ( - ) Von den deutschen Fürsten und Heerführern (289) Vom deutschen Kaiser (289) Besuche an der Front (289) Kundgebungen (290) Personalien (290) Von den feindlichen Staatsoberhäuptern und Heerführern (292) Besuche an der Front und Kundgebungen (292) [2 Abb.]: (1)König Ludwig von bayern verteilt Auszeichnungen bei einem Besuche an der Westfront (2)Großherzog Friedrich von Baden bei der besichtigung eines badischen Regiments an der Westfront ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg und General Ilse mit dem Stabe an der Westfront (2)König Wilhelm von Württemberg unterhält sich bei einem besuch an der Westfront mit Schwestern vom deutschen Roten Kreuz ( - ) Militärische Konferenzen (293) Personalien (293) Vom französischen Heer (294) Von der Stimmung und Verpflegung (294) Französische Greuel auf dem Schlachtfeld (295) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Konferenz der katholischen Feldgeistlichen an der Westfront. Reihe stehend von links nach rechts: 1. P. Frhr. von Dalwick, 2. Dr. langhaeuser, 3. P. Boesch, 4. Jaeschke, 5. Hübner, 6. Dutter, 7. P. Horn, 8. P. Vankam, 9. P. Brinkmann, 10. P. Baurmann, 11. P. Pohl, 12. Braun, 13. Stegemann, 14. P. Maas, 15. P. Browe, 16. Ebner, 17. P. Wulf, 18. Riotte, 19. Koch, 20. Janssen, 21. P. Kapell, 22. P. Schwering, 23. P. Vigillius Henne, 24. Goebeler, 25. Klaes, 26. P. Medardus Bracht, 27. P. Anicet Meyer, 28. P. Beatus Alfter. - Zweite Reihe, sitzend, von links nach rechts: 1. Hanß, 2. Silberberg, 3. Dr. Mühlenbein, 4. Meier, 5. Greinemann, 6. Freiherr von Kerckerinck zur Borg, Delegierter des kaiserl. Kommissars und Militär-Inspekteurs der freiwilligen Krankenpflege, großes Hauptquartier, 7. Prälat Dr. Middendorf, Feldoberpfarrer des Westheeres, 8. Dr. Michael von Faulhaber, Bischof von Speyer, 9. prof. Dr. Berg, Großes Hauptquartier, 10. Msgr. Waechter, 11. P. Müller, 12. Frumentius Adams, 13. P. Florian Schoch. (2)Der Erzbischof von Köln Kardinal Hartmann verläßt die Kathedrale von Laon ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)General d. Inf. Edler v. d. Planitz. Kommandeur des XII. (1. kgl. Sächs.) Armeekorps (2)Der Chef des türk. Feldsanitätswesens im großen Hauptquartier. Von links nach rechts: San.-Oberst Geh. med.-Rat Prof. Dr. Essaf Derwisch, Exell. Zekki Pascha, Militärbevollmächtigter der türk. Armee im Gr. Hauptquartiere, S. Ex. v. Schjerning, Chef des Feldsanitätswesens der deutschen Armee, Prof. Suleiman-Numan-Pascha, der Chef des türk. Feldsanitätswesens, und San.-Oberst Dr. Ibrahim Tali. ( - ) Von den französischen Kolonialtruppen (297) Vom brtitischen Heer (298) Aus den besetzten französischen Gebieten (304) Die Verpflanzung der Liller Bevölkerung aufs Land (304) I. In tatsächlicher Beziehung ist der Verlauf der Angelegenheit folgender gewesen. (305) II. Vom völkerrechtlichen Standpunkte erscheinen die von der Militärverwaltung im besetzten Gebiet getroffenen Maßnahmen durch die Bestimmung des Artikels 43 der Haager Landkriegsordnung voll gerechtfertigt. (306) III. Wenn die französische Regierung gegen die Maßnahmen der deutschen Heeresverwaltung erst nach einem Vierteljahre mit ihren Beschwerden hervorgetreten ist,. (307) Die Opfer der französisch-englischen Beschießung (307) [Tabelle]: Die "Gazette des Ardennes", die bereits im April 1916 in rund 100 000 Exemplaren ihren Weg nach Frankreich gefunden hatte und deshalb von Pariser Kreisen durch eine mit Verleumdungen gegen alles Deutsche angefüllte Fälschung bekämpft wurde, gibt folgende Zahlen: (307) Belgien während des vierten Kriegshalbjahres. Von Februar bis August 1916. Fortsetzung von Band X, Seiten 253 bis 272 ([308]) Von König Albert und der belgischen Regierung ([308]) Maßnahmen und Kundgebungen ([308]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der französische General Balfourier, der Führer der französischen Truppen in der Sommeschlacht (2)König Albert von Belgien an der Westfront im Gespräch mit Offizieren ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Präsident Poincaré und der Kronprinz Alexander von Serbien beim Besuch der französischen Front bei Verdun (2)Präsident Poincaré und der Kriegsminister General Roques fahren auf einer militärischen Feldbahn in die vordersten Stellungen ( - ) Von den Beziehungen Belgiens zu den Ententestaaten (309) Von König Albert (309) Von der deutschen Verwaltung in Belgien (310) Maßnahmen und Kundgebungen (310) Englische Denkschriften und ihre Entgegnung durch den Generalgouverneur (311) Ueber die Rohstoffeinfuhr (311) [2 Abb.]: (1)Das Pionierdepot eines sächsischen Armeekorps hinter der Westfront in Nordfrankreich (2)Blick in eine deutsche Marketenderei hinter der Westfront in Nordfrankreich ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Feldbestellung durch deutsche Soldaten in Nordfrankreich (2)Deutsche Soldaten bei der Herstellung von Holzkohlen in den Wäldern Nordfrankreichs ( - ) Ueber den Arbeitszwang (313) Die Kirche in Belgien (315) Von der Nuntiatur (315) Von Kardinal Mercier (315) Der Völckerkrieg. Frankreich während des vierten Kriegshalbjahres. Der italienische Krieg während des vierten Kriegshalbjahres. Italien der Vatikan während des vierten Kriegshalbjahres. Der See- und Luftkrieg im vierten Kriegshalbjahr ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der französische Kriegsminister General Roques (2)Der französische Ministerpräsident und Minister des Äußeren, Briland, in seinem Arbeitszimmer mit seinen Mitarbeitern (von links nach rechts) Kabinettsdirektor Th. Tissier, Kabinettsdirektor Th. Berthelot, Generalsekretär Jules Cambon ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Tonkinesen als Hilfsarbeiter bei Feldarbeiten in Frankreich (2)Farbige Franzosen reiten über die Champs-Elysées zu Paris ( - ) Frankreich während des vierten Kriegshalbjahres. Von Ende Februar bis Anfang August 1916. Fortsetzung von Band X, Seiten 273 bis 320 ([1]) Der Zusammenbruch der französischen Linken ([1]) Parlament und Regierung Frankreichs (6) Die ordentliche Session des Jahres 1916 II. (6) Vom 19. Februar bis 22. April 1916 (6) [2 Abb.]: (1)General Marchand (2)Der französische Senator Humbert bei der Besichtigung eines lagerplatzes von Geschossen schweren Kalibers vor Verdun ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Aus einer französischen Munitionsfabrik. - Lager von Geschoßmänteln (2)Französische Frauen bei der herstellung von Geschoßteilen in französischen Munitionsfabriken ( - ) Der Rücktritt des Kriegsministers Galliéni (10) Der Ansturm gegen den Generalissimus (11) Die ordentliche Session des Jahres 1916 III. Vom 18. Mai bis 29. Juli 1916 (13) Der Entschluß zu Geheimsitzungen (13) Die Geheimtagung der Kammer. Vom 16. bis 22. Juni 1916 (18) Die Geheimtagung des Senats. Vom 4. bis 9. Juli 1916 (21) Die Beratungen über die parlamentarische Heeresüberwachung. Vom 18. bis 29. Juli 1916 (22) [2 Abb.]: (1)Schulkinder in Reims mit Gasmasken auf dem Wege zur Schule (2)Die Klasse "Sarrail" der Schule "Joffre" im Gewölbe eines in den Felsen gehauenen Weinkellers zu Reims ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Flüchtlinge aus Nordfrankreich warten in den Straßen von Calais auf Unterkunft (2)Frau Tittoni, die Gemahlin des italienischen Gesandten in Paris, als Krankenpflegerin umgeben von Verwundeten ( - ) Von der übrigen Tätigkeit des Parlaments. Von Februar bis Ende Juli 1916 (25) Von der gesetzgebenden Tätigkeit (25) Kundgebungen (26) Maßnahmen der Regierung (26) Personalien (26) Militärische Maßnahmen (27) Die Vertagung des Prozesses gegen den Mörder Jaurès (28) Die Behandlung der Angehörigen feindlicher Staaten (28) Kundgebungen (29) Frankreichs wirtschaftliche Lage im vierten Kriegshalbjahr (31) Finanzielle Maßnahmen (31) [Tabelle]: Die nachfolgende Zusammenstellung, welche die Lage bis zum 1. Mai 1916 berücksichtigt, gibt hierüber Aufschluß: (31) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine bombensichere Telephonstelle (Kaverne) an der österreichisch-ungarischen Südwestfront (2)Österreichisch-ungarische Soldaten beim Bau bombensicherer Unterstände an der Südwestfront ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ungarische Honveds in einem Schützengraben der Südwestfront (2)Ein "Fuchsloch". Der Eingang zu einem bombensicheren Unterstand an der österreichisch-ungarischen Südwestfront ( - ) Die Entwicklung von Handel und Landwirtschaft (35) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine italienische 28 cm-Haubitze (2)Der Ausbau einer Stellung für ein schweres italienisches Geschütz ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Italienische Panzerautomobile (2)Eine von den österreichisch-ungarischen Truppen erbeutete italienische 15 cm-Kanone ( - ) Aus den französischen Kolonien (40) [2 Abb.]: (1)Abtransport eines österreichisch-ungarischen Verwundeten auf einem maskierten Wege in den Alpen (2)Die Ausbesserung eines gerissenen Telephondrahtes durch österreichisch-ungarische Soldaten an der Dolomitenfront ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Österreichisch-ungarische Soldaten mit Gasmasken an der Tiroler Front (2)Feldpost-Zensur und Sortierstelle auf dem Tiroler Kriegsschauplatz ( - ) Stimmungsmache in Frankreich (41) Der französische Sozialismus und der Krieg (47) Das sterbende Frankreich (51) Der italienische Krieg während des vierten Kriegshalbjahres. Von Mitte Februar bis August 1916. Fortsetzung von Band XI, Seiten 1 bis 166 (53) Zusammenfassende Darstellung (53) [2 Abb.]: (1)Österreichisch-ungarische Truppen auf der Verfolgung in den Dolomiten (2)Transport österreichisch-ungarischer Feldgeschütze in einem Hochgebirgstal (-) [2 Abb.]: (1)Verschneite österreichisch-ungarische Feldwachen-Stellungen auf einem Alpengrat. Die dunklen Linien oben sind die eingedeckten Stellungen; unten Drahtverhaue (2)Österreichisch-ungarische Stellungen in einem Alpental ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Eine österreichisch-ungarische Patrouille im Hochgebirge bei Neuschnee (2)Ein österreichisch-ungarischer Provianttransport im Gebiet der "Drei Zinnen" (3)Österreichisch-ungarische Vorposten-Hunde im Dienste im Hochgebirge ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein österreichisch-ungarisches Maltheser-Lazarett an der Tiroler Front (2)Aus dem vordersten Schützengraben einer österreichisch-ungarischen Alpenstellung ( - ) Die sechste Isonzoschlacht u. die Frühlingskämpfe bis zur österreichisch-ungarischen Mai-Offensive in Tirol. Vom 16. Februar bis 13. Mai 1916 (63) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den österreichisch-ungarischen Generalstabsmeldungen (63) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine österreichisch-ungarische Patrouille sichtet den Feind in den Dolomiten (2)Eine österreichisch-ungarische Patrouille im Hochgebirge gibt etelphonisch eine Meldung zurück ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Felsenhöhle in den Dolomiten zum österreichisch-ungarischen Unterstand ausgebaut (2)Oesterreichisch-ungarische Artilleristen bei den Vorbereitungen zum Laden eines 30,5 cm-Mörsers an der Dolomitenfront ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Aus einem zerschossenen italienischen Beton-Schützengraben an der Isonzofront. Im Vordergrund Zünder und Sprengstücke österreichisch-ungarischer Granaten (2)Kriegshunde als Zugtiere in der österreichisch-ungarischen Armee an der Isonzofront ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Unterstände österreichisch-ungarischer Truppen an der Isonzofront (2)Verkehrsbild auf einer Straße an der Isonzofront ( - ) Die Frühlingskämpfe am Isonzo im März und April 1916 (84) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine österreichisch-ungarische Scheinwerfer-Abteilung an der Isonzofront (2)Aus einem italienischen Schützengraben in einem Pinienwäldchen bei Monfalcone ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf ein Schlachtfeld an der Isonzofront (2)Essen-Ausgabe in einer Feldküche an der Isonzofront ( - ) Doberdo (89) Monte San Michele (89) "Kartätschen laden!" (89) 27er und 47er (91) Säbel und Bajonette (92) Die Eroberung des Kleinen Pal. Am 25. März 1916 (92) Vom Lawinenkrieg (95) Einzelne Meldungen (95) Im Kampf mit den Lawinen (96) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein Kriegsdenkmal an der Isonzofront, aus italienischen Blindgängern und Sprengstücken hergestellt (2)Ein Artillerie-Beobachtungsstand und ein Offiziers-Unterstand an der österreichisch-ungarischen Isonzofront ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein bombensicherer Mannschaftsunterstand mit Küche an der österreichisch-ungarischen Isonzofront (2)Italienische Gefangene aus den Isonzokämpfen ( - ) Aus den Kämpfen um den Col di Lana (100) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf Rovereit (Rovereto) mit dem Kastell (2)Der italienische Stützpunkt Castello Dante bei Rovereit nach der Erstürmung am 15. Mai 1916 ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Monte Coston (auf dem Bilde die Bergspitze in der Mitte) zwischen Lain- (Leno di Terragnolo) und Astachtal (Val Astico) (2)Blick auf Platzer (Piazza) im Laintal (Leno di Terragnolo) ( - ) Von den Kämpfen um Riva (103) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick in das obere Astachtal (Val Astico) (2)Ein Lager österreichisch-ungarischer Feldartillerie im Astachtal (Val Astico) ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein österreichisch-ungarischer Stützpunkt mit eingebautem Maschinengewehr in Südtirol (2)Das Grenzdorf Lastebasse im Astachtal (Val Astico) ( - ) Von den Luftkämpfen. (105) Die k. u. k. Flieger an der Südwestfront (105) Der italienische Luftangriff auf Laibach (107) Von der Tätigkeit der italienischen Luftschiffe (109) Die österreichisch-ungarische Mai-Offensive in Südtirol und die italienische Gegen-Offensive. Vom 14. Mai bis 2. August 1916 (110) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den österreichisch-ungarischen Generalstabsmeldungen (110) [Karte]: Uebersicht über die Entwicklung der österreichisch-ungarischen Front zwischen Etsch und Brenta während der Offensive im Mai 1916 ([111]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine von der österreichisch-ungarischen Artillerie zusammengeschossene Mörserbatterie in dem italienischen Campomolon (2)Von den österreichisch-ungarischen Truppen erbeutete schwere Geschütze im italienischen Panzerwerk Campomolon ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Alpini bringen ein Gebirgsgeschütz in Stellung (2)Gefangene Italiener mit französischen Stahlhelmen in einem österreichisch-ungarischen Gefangenenlager in Südtirol ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein österreichisch-ungarisches Maschinengewehr zwischen den Häusern eines Dorfes bei Novaledo (2)Der Korpskommandant General d. Kav. Erzherzog Thronfolger Karl Franz Josef in dem italienischen Panzerwerk Campomolon ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Italienische Schützenstände und Hindernisse quer durch einen Bach (2)Der Korpskommandant Erzherzog Thronfolger Karl Franz Josef bei der Besichtigung einer österreichisch-ungarischen Maschinengewehr-Abteilung ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine von den italienischen Geschützen zusammengeschossene Kapelle bei Novaledo; davor Drahthindernisse der österreichisch-ungarischen Stellungen (2)Eine österreichisch-ungarische Gebirgstrain-Kolonne zieht durch eine zerstörte Straße in Rundschein (Roncegno) ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Gesamtansicht von Rundschein (Roncegno) (2)Gesamtansicht von Levico im Suganertal ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine durch schweres Geschützfeuer zerstörte Straße in Burgen (Borgo) (2)Eine gegen Feindessicht gedeckte Straße einer Stadt Südtirols ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Zeltlager österreichisch-ungarischer Truppen im Kurpark von Rundschein (Roncegno) (2)Das zerstörte Tesobbo im Suganertal mit Blick auf Rundschein (Roncegno) ( - ) Vom österreichisch-ungarischen Ansturm (140) Der Angriff aus dem Etschtal (143) Der Kampf um Zugna (143) Die Kämpfe im Laintal (144) Der Kampf im Brandtal (144) Das Grazer Korps auf Lafraun (146) An der Front im Suganatal (148) Die Eroberung des Panzerwerks Casa Ratti (151) [2 Abb.]: (1)Das italienische Panzerwerk Monte Verena (2)Die südöstliche Ecke des italienischen Panzerwerks Monte Verena, das von der italienischen Heeresleitung als flüchtig befestigte Geschützstände bezeichnet worden war ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein italienischer Unterstand im Suganatal (2)Österreichisch-ungarische Tragtier-Kolonne auf einer Straße in Südtirol, die gegen den auf den umliegenden Höhen stehenden Feind maskiert ist ( - ) Der Kampf um den Pasubio (153) Die Brigade Sardegna und ihr Kommandant (154) Die halbamtliche italienische Darstellung der österreichisch-ungarischen Mai-Offensive (155) Bericht der "Agenzia Stefani" vom 22. Mai 1916 (155) Bericht der "Agenzia Stefani" vom 25. Mai 1916 (158) Bericht der "Agenzia Stefani" vom 28. Mai 1916 (160) [2 Abb.]: (1)Oberleutnant Albin Mlaker (2)Ein gegen Fliegersicht gedecktes österreichisch-ungarisches Geschütz in Südtirol ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Kirche und der Hauptplatz in Asiago (2)Österreichisch-ungarische Verwundete aus den Kämpfen bei Asiago vor einem Feldlazarett ( - ) Bericht der "Agenzia Stefani" vom 3. Juni 1916 (161) Bericht der "Agenzia Stefani" vom 10. Juni 1916 (164) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Bahnhof von Ospedaletto und die Eima Dodici (2)Aus dem alten Fort vom Monte Lisser nach der Beschießung ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein hinter der österreichisch-ungarischen Front herabgeschossenes italienisches Nieuport Kampfflugzeug (2)Die Aufstellung eines 149-mm Geschützes auf dem Monte Lemerle ( - ) Bericht der "Agenzia Stefani" vom 13. Juni 1916 (165) Von der italienischen Gegenoffensive (166) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein italienisches Luftschiff über der Po-Ebene (2)Linienschiffsleutnant G. Banfield in seinem Apparat vor dem Start ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Angehörige des k. u. k. Radfahrer-Seebataillons an der Adriatischen Küste (2)Ein österreichisch-ungarisches Küstenverteidigungsgeschütz an der Adria ( - ) Von den Kämpfen am Plöken. Am 27. Juni 1916 (169) Von den Kämpfen um die Hochfläche von Doberdo. Am 28. und 29. Juni 1916 (170) Am Südrand der Hochfläche von Doberdo (172) Episoden (173) Bei der Isonzoarmee (173) Der rätselhafte Finimondo (174) Doktor Battisti (174) Die Luft- und Seekämpfe in der Adria. Von Mitte Februar bis August 1916 (176) Chronologische Uebersicht (176) Im Fluge über Ancona (183) [2 Abb.]: (1)General d. I. Boroevic mit den Offizieren seines Stabes (2)Generaloberst Erzherzog Eugen, der Kommandant der österreichisch-ungarischen Südwestfront in seinem Hauptquartier. Links im Vordergrund der Vorstand der Präsidialkanzlei im Kriegsministerium Karl Edler von Bellmond, rechts im Vordergrund Generaloberst Kriegsminister Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin, dahinter Generalstabschef F. M. L. Krauß ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Korpskommandant Erzherzog-Thronfolger Karl Franz Josef und sein Generalstabschef Oberst Freiherr von Waldstätten beobachten den Fortgang eines Angriffs während der österreichisch-ungarischen Mai-Offensive (2)Generaloberst Dankl an der österreichisch-ungarischen Südwestfront ( - ) Der Luftangriff auf Triest. Am 20. April 1916 (185) Von den Taten des Linienschiffsleutnants Gottfried Banfield (186) [2 Abb.]: (1)General Cadorna und General Pecori Giraldi, der Kommandeur der italienischen ersten Armee (2)König Victor Emanuel von Italien und der Prinz von Wales in Aquileja ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)König Victor Emanuel von Italien in Castelnuovo (2)Der Herzog von Aosta in einem italienischen Schützengraben ( - ) Von den österreichisch-ungarischen Heerführern (189) Auszeichnungen (189) Kundgebungen (189) Vom Erzherzog-Thronfolger Karl Franz Josef (190) Von den italienischen Heerführern (190) Kundgebungen (190) Personalien und Auszeichnungen (191) Besuche im Hauptquartier und an der Front (192) Vom italienischen Heer und seiner Kampfesweise (193) Italien und der Vatikan während des vierten kriegshalbjahres. Von Ende Februar bis Anfang August 1916. Fortsetzung von Band XI, S. 167 bis 215 ([195]) Italien am Ende seines ersten Kriegsjahres ([195]) Parlament und Regierung in Italien. Die wirtschaftlichen und finanziellen Maßnahmen sind auf den Seiten 237 bis 241 zusammengefasst (197) Während der zweiten Kriegstagung des Parlaments. Vom 1. März bis 17. April 1916 (197) Die Kammerangriffe gegen die Regierung und ihr Sieg. Vom 1. bis 24. März 1916 (197) [2 Abb.]: (1)Aus einem vordersten italienischen Schützengraben an der Podgora-Höhe (2)Ein Alpini wir an der italienischen Front auf einen Berggipfel befördert ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein neuer italienischer Panzerautomobil-Typ (2)Italienische Sanitätstruppen auf dem Wege zu einer der vordersten Linien an der italienischen Front in Südtirol ( - ) Der Wechsel im Kriegsministerium (208) Die Beratung des Budgets des Aeußeren und die Rede Sonninos. Vom 6. bis 17. April 1916 (209) [3 Abb.]: Das nationale Ministerium Boselli (1)Paolo Boselli. Ministerpräsident ohne Portefeuille (2)Leonida Bissolati. Politischer Kommissär für Kriegsdienste (3)Paolo Carcano. Schatzminister ( - ) [3 Abb.]: Das nationale Ministerium Boselli (1)Enrico Arlotta. Eisenbahnminister und Minister für Verproviantierung und Handelsmarine (2)Philippo Meda. Finanzminster (3)Professor Ivanoe Bonomi. Minister für öffentliche Arbeiten ( - ) Während der dritten Kriegstagung des Parlaments. Vom 6. Juni bis 2. Juli 1916 (217) Der Sturz Salandras. Vom 6. bis 12. Juni 1916 (217) Das Ministerium Boselli (225) Die Erklärung des Ministeriums Boselli und der Schluß der Tagung. Vom 28. Juni bis 2. Juli 1916 (227) [3 Abb.]: Das nationale Ministerium Boselli (1)General Paolo Morrone. Kriegsminister (2)Senator Prof. Franzesco Ruffini. Unterrichtsminster (3)Ettore Sarchi. Justizminister ( - ) [4 Abb.]: Das nationale Ministerium Boselli (1)Professor Giovanni Raineri. Ackerbauminister (2)Giuseppe de Nava. Minister für Industrie, Handel und Arbeiten (3)Professor Luigi Fera. Postminister (4)Gaspare Colosimo. Kolonialminister ( - ) Aus dem Senat (232) Von der Regierung (232) Personalien (232) [3 Abb.]: Das nationale Ministerium Boselli (1)Ubaldo Comandini. Minister ohne Portefeuille (2)Leonardo Bianchi. Minister ohne Portefeuille (3)Vittorio Scialoja. Minister ohne Portefeuille ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Ankunft des serbischen Ministerpräsidenten Pasitsch in Rom. Links von Pasitsch Martini, rechts Salandra (2)Minister Bissolati hält am 17. Juli 1916 an der Front eine patriotische Ansprache an die Brigade "Gialli del Calvario" ( - ) Verwaltungsmaßnahmen (233) Militärische Maßnahmen (233) Maßnahmen gegen die Angehörigen feindlicher Staaten (234) Von den nordafrikanischen Kolonien Italiens (234) Die finanziellen und wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse Italiens im vierten Kriegshalbjahr (237) [Tabelle]: Dieses gewaltige Anwachsen der italienischen Kriegsausgaben ist deutlichst aus der nachstehenden Tabelle des "Osservatore Romano" 28. IX. 16) ersichtlich: (237) Kundgebungen (241) Italien und Deutschland (243) [2 Abb.]: (1)Auf dem Verdeck eines deutschen Linienschiffes (2)Gottesdienst an Board eines deutschen Kriegsschiffes ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Beim Reinigen der Luftklappen und des Schornsteins an Bord eines deutschen Kriegsschiffes (2)Beim Reinigen der Geschützrohre an Bord eines deutschen Kriegsschiffes ( - ) Der Vatikan (249) Von der Verwaltung des Heiligen Stuhls (249) Kundgebungen des Papstes (250) Von der Kriegsfürsorge des Heiligen Stuhls. Besuche im Vatikan (251) Der See- und Luftkrieg im vierten Kriegshalbjahr. Von Februar bis August 1916. Fortsetzung von Band XIII, seiten 265 bis 293 ([252]) Vom Minenkrieg ([252]) In der Nordsee ([252]) Von der Tätigkeit und den Verlusten der Kriegsflotten ([252]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Teilansicht des Decks eines englischen Kriegsschiffes (2)Leichenbestattung auf einem englischen Kriegsschiff ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Fregattenkapitän Tietze †. Kommandant S. M. S. "Greif" (2)Begräbnis eines in einem Seekampf gefallenen englischen Marinesoldaten an der englischen Ostküste ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Admiral Scheer. Chef der deutschen Hochseeflotte (2)Das deutsche Linienschiff "Pommern", das in der Seeschlacht vor dem Skagerrak am 31. Mai 1916 unterging ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der deutsche kleine geschützte Kreuzer "Rostock", der nach der Seeschlacht vor dem Skagerrak infolge von Beschädigung versank (2)Der kleine geschützte Kreuzer "Frauenlob", der in der Seeschlacht vor dem Skagerrak am 31. Mai 1916 unterging ( - ) Das Seegefecht auf der Doggerbank. In der Nacht vom 10. zum 11. Februar 1916 (264) [Abb.]: Admiral Scheer mit dem Stabe der deutschen Hochseeflotte ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Vizeadmiral Hipper, umgeben von seinen Offizieren auf S. M. S. "Schwaben" (2)Vizeadmiral Ehrhardt-Schmidt, umgeben von seinen Offizieren auf S. M. S. "Rheinland" ( - ) Der Heldenkampf des "Greif". Am 29. Februar 1916 (267) Von dem britischen Fliegerabenteurer über Nordfriesland. Am 25. März 1916 (270) Die deutsche Flotte vor Lowestoft und Great Yarmouth. Am 25. April 1916 (270) Die Seeschlacht vor dem Skagerrak vom 31. Mai bis 1. Juni 1916 (272) Zusammenfassende Darstellung auf Grund des amtlichen deutschen Materials (272) I. Einem hellen Meteore gleich, der überraschend aus dem tiefen Dunkel des Nachthimmels hervorbricht, erschien in deutschen Landen am 1. Juni 1916 die Nachricht vom Siege unserer Flotte. (272) II. Die Tagschlacht (274) [2 Karten]: (1)Uebersichtskarten I und II über den Verlauf der Skagerrak-Schlacht (275) III. Diese Uebergangsphase des zweiten Abschnitts zum dritten ist infolge vielfacher ineinandergreifender Einzelhandlungen und überraschender Wendungen in ihrem Aufbau episodenhaft und einigermaßen verwickelt. (276) [2 Karten]: (1)Uebersichtskarten III und IV über den Verlauf der Skagerrak-Schlacht (277) IV. Der Nachtmarsch. (279) [4 Abb]: Britische Panzerkreuzer, die in der Seeschlacht vor dem Skagerrak am 31. Mai 1916 vernichtet wurden (1)Der britische Panzerkreuzer "Black Prince" (2)Der britische Panzerkreuzer "Warrior" (3)Der britische Panzerkreuzer "Invincible" (4)Der britische Panzerkreuzer "Queen Mary" ( - ) [2 Abb]: (1)Deutsche Schiffbrüchige aus der Skagerrak-Schlacht nach ihrer Landung in Ymuiden. Von links nach rechts: Leutnant z. S. Röder; der holländische Marineoffizier Langerlaan; Fregattenkapitän Matlung; Oberleutnant Weber; der deutsche Vizekonsul in Ymuiden Herr S. A. Bakker (2)Englische Gefangene aus der Seeschlacht vor dem Skagerrak im deutschen Gefangenenlager ( - ) [Tabelle]: Die Verluste durch feindliche Gegenwirkung betrugen (auf englischer Seite nach vorsichtiger Schätzung): (281) Die Skagerrakschlacht nach der Darstellung englischer Gefangener (282) Aus dem amtlichen Bericht des Admirals Jellicoe (285) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über den Verlauf der Seeschlacht vor dem Skagerrak (287) [2 Abb]: (1)Kapitän z. S. Adolf v. Trotha (2)Marine-Oberbaurat Gustav Berling (3)Geh. Oberbaurat Dr. Ing. h. c. Bürkner. Chef der Abteilung für Schiffsbauangelegenheiten im Reichsmarineamt (4)Wirkl. Geh. Oberbaurat Dr. Ing. Rud. Veith. Chef der Abteilung für Maschinenbauangelegenheiten im Reichsmarineamt ( - ) [2 Abb]: (1)Der britische Panzerkruezer "Hampshire", der mit Lord Kitchener an Bord am 5. Juni 1916 unterging (2)Einer der Riesen-Rettungsringe, mit dem sich die einzigen zwölf Überlebenden der "Hampshire" zu retten vermochten ( - ) Einband ( - ) Einband ( - )

DER VÖLKERKRIEG BAND 8 Der Völkerkrieg (-) Der Völkerkrieg Band 8 (8 / 1917) ( - ) Einband ( - ) [Abb.]: Erzherzog Max. ( - ) Titelseite ( - ) Impressum ( - ) Der Völkerkrieg. Die österr.-ung. Monarchie während des dritten Kriegshalbjahres / Die Politik auf dem Balkan bis zum Eintritt Bulgariens in den Krieg. Vom Kriegsbeginn bis Anfang Oktober 1916 / Die Eroberung von Serbien und Montenegro. Von August 1915 bis Februar 1916 / Die Erdrosselung Griechenlands und Ausbau der Saloniki-Basis. Von Mitte Oktober 1915 bis Februar 1916 / Serbiens und Montenegros Ende / Bulgarien während des serbisch-bulgarischen Krieges. Von August 1915 bis Februar 1916 / Rußland während des dritten Kriegshalbjahres / Der See- und Luftkrieg. Von August 1915 bis Februar 1916 / Großbritannien während des dritten Kriegshalbjahres. ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Prinz Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. K.K. Minister des Innern. (2)Dr. Karl Ritter von Leth. K.K. Kriegsminister. (3)Dr. Alexander Ritter von Spitzmüller. K.K. Handelsminister. ( - ) [4 Abb.]: (1)Graf Andrassy. Mitglied des ungarischen Abgeordnetenhauses. (2)Paul v. Beöthy. Der Präsident des ungarischen Abgeordnetenhauses. (3)Graf Karolyi. Mitglied des ungarischen Abgeordnetenhauses. (4)Graf Apponyi. Mitglied des ungarischen Abgeordnetenhauses. ( - ) Die österr.-ungar. Monarchie während des dritten Kriegshalbjahres. Von August 1915 bis Februar 1916. Fortsetzung von Band IX, Seiten 241 bis 264. (1) Die Doppelmonarchie. (1) Die Erlasse über das neue gemeinsame Wappen und die neuen Fahnen. (4) Von der Regierung. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (4) Personalien. (4) Verwaltungsmaßnahmen. (6) Militärische Maßnahmen. (7) Von den Beziehungen zu den Verbündeten. (8) [2 Abb.]: (1)Generalmajor Maximilian Ritter v. Höhn. Direktor des K.u.K. Kriegspressequartiers und Kriegsarchivs. (2)Erzherzog-Thronfolger Karl Franz Josef und Erzherzogin Zita bei einem Besuche in Innsbruck. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Von der Feier des Geburtstages des Kaisers Franz Josef auf dem großen Platz in Triest. Der Zweite von rechts in der vorderen Reihe Statthalter Baron Fries-Skene, daneben Generalmajor Haller. (2)Von der Kaiserhuldigung der Ungarn und Kroaten in Wien. In der Mitter der österreichische Landesverteidigungsminister Baron v. Schönaich, rechts von ihm (der Vierte von links) der Oberbürgermeister Budapest, Dr. Stefan v. Barczy, rechts außen der Stadtpräsident von Budapest, Dr. Brody. ( - ) Von den Beziehungen zu den Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika. (9) Vergeltungsmaßnahmen und Proteste. (10) Die dritte Kriegstagung des ungarischen Reichstags I. Vom 30. November bis 21. Dezember 1915. Der zweite Teil der Tagung am 3. Januar bis 28. Februar 1916 folgt im Kapitel "Die osterreichisch-ungarische Monarchie während des vierten Kriegshalbjahres". Die wirtschaftlichen Maßnahmen sind auf den Seiten 19 und 20 zusammengefaßt. (10) Die Eröffnung und die innere Politik. (10) Die äußere Politik. (12) Von den Beratungen des Magnatenhauses. (14) Oesterreich-Ungarns Wirtschaftsleben im dritten Kriegshalbjahre. (15) [2 Tabellen]: (1)Durchschnittsdividenden in Prozenten: (2)Die Verteuerung der Materialpreise: (16) [2 Tabellen]: (1)Der Arbeitermangel in der Industrie: (2).dagegen stockte die Bautätigkeit außerordentlich. Die folgende Tabelle der "Neuen Freien Presse" gibt in Zahlen ein ungefähres Bild von dem, was eben gesagt wurde: (17) [Tabelle]: Die Banken haben im Jahre 1915 im allgemeinen recht gute Geschäfte gemacht. Es konnten infolgedessen gegenüber dem Vorjahre durchweg höhere Dividenden gezahlt werden: (18) Vom Kaiser Franz Josef. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (21) Kundgebungen und Stiftungen. (21) Die Feier des 86. Geburtstages des Kaisers Franz Josef. Am 18. August 1915. (22) Der Besuch Kaiser Wilhelms bei Kaiser Franz Josef. (23) Empfänge. (24) Personalien. (24) [3 Abb.]: (1)König Ferdinand von Rumänien. (2)Jonel Bratianu. (3)Take Jonesku. ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Peter Carp. (2)Alexander Marghiloman. (3)Titu Majorescu. ( - ) Kundgebungen. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (25) Die Neujahrsansprache des Grafen Tisza. (25) Ueber den wirtschaftlichen Anschluß der Monarchie an das Deutsche Reich. (25) Kundgebungen der Völker Oesterreichs. (26) Die Kaiserhuldigung der Ungarn und Kroaten. (27) Die Politik auf dem Balkan bis zum Eintritt Bulgariens in den Krieg. Vom Kriegsbeginn bis Anfang Oktober 1915. ([29]) Die Entente-Mächte und die Balkanstaaten. ([29]) Die Bemühungen um Bulgarien und die Verhandlungen mit Serbien. ([29]) [3 Abb.]: (1)König Konstantin von Griechenland. (2)Demetrios Gunaris. (3)Eleutherios Veniselos. ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Alexandros Zaimis. (2)Georgios Theotokis. (3)König Konstantin von Griechenland mit den Prinzen und einigen Generalstabsoffizieren bei einer Beratung. ( - ) [Abb]: Ferdinand I. König (Zar) der Bulgaren. ( - ) Die Bemühungen der Entente-Mächte um Rumänien. (33) Die Bemühungen der Entente-Mächte um Griechenland. (37) [Abb.]: Wasil Radoslawow, der bulgarische Ministerpräsident. ( - ) [4 Abb.]: (1)General Naidenow der bulgarische Kriegsminister. (2)Generalleutnant Fitschew der frühere bulgarische Kriegsminister. (3)Prinz Boris von Bulgarien. (4)Prinz Kyrill von Bulgarien. ( - ) Deutschland, die Türkei und die neutralen Balkanstaaten. (41) [Karte]: Die neue bulgarisch-türkische Grenze. (43) Bulgariens Entschluß z. bewaffneten Neutralität. (43) Zar Ferdinand. (43) Amtliche Meldungen und ergänzende Mitteilungen. (46) Bulgaren und Russen. (48) Der Eintritt Bulgariens in den Krieg. (49) Sojusnitzi-Rasbojnitzi. (49) [Gedicht]: (49) Das Ultimatum der Entente und die Antwort Bulgariens. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (49) Die Vorbereitungen Bulgariens zum Kriege. (51) Die Kriegserklärungen. (52) Die Gründe für Bulgariens Entscheidung. (53) Die Haltung Rumäniens und Griechenlands. (56) [Abb.]: General Jekow, der Oberkommandierende des bulgarischen Feldheeres. ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Oberst Jostow, Chef des bulgarischen Generalstabs. (2)General Kliment Bojadjew, Kommandeur der 1. bulgarischen Armee. (3)General Todorow, Kommandeur der 2. bulgarischen Armee. ( - ) Die Ereignisse in Serbien und Montenegro. Von Anfang August bis Anfang Oktober 1915. (58) Die Eroberung von Serbien und Montenegro. Von August 1915 bis Februar 1916. Fortsetzung von Band IX, Seiten 225 bis 228. ([59]) Zusammenfassende Darstellung. ([59]) Der Aufmarsch, die Landung in Saloniki und der Durchbruch durch die Donau-, Save- und Drina-Stellungen. Von Ende September bis 11. Oktober 1915. ([59]) Der Vormarsch der 1. bulgarischen Armee. Vom 12. bis 28. Oktober 1915. (61) Der Vormarsch der 2. bulgarischen Armee. Vom 15. bis 28. Oktober 1915. (62) [Karte]: Die Entwicklung der Front der Verbündeten in Serbien und Montenegro von Oktober 1915 bis Januar 1916. (63) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Stadt Semlin mit dem Blick auf Belgrad und seine Zitadelle sowie die am Einfluß der Save in die Donau liegende Gr. Kriegsinsel. (2)Serbische Truppen benützen einen eisernen Ponton als Schützengraben. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der große Übergang der verbündeten Truppen über die Save. (2)Serbische Infanterie-Stellungen am Save-Ufer, die von deutschen Truppen gestürmt wurden. ( - ) Die Umklammerung der Serben durch die Heeresgruppe v. Mackensen. Vom 12. Oktober bis Anfang November 1915. (65) Die Schlacht auf dem Amselfeld. Vom 5. bis 28. November 1915. (66) Die Verfolgung der Serben und die Besetzung Südmazedoniens. Vom 29. November bis 8. Dezember 1915. (68) Die Tätigkeit der Orientarmee und die Schlacht von Gjevgjeli - Dojran. Von Mitte November 1915 bis Ende Januar 1916. (69) Die Unternehmungen der Entente gegen die bulgarischen Küsten. (71) Die Eroberung von Montenegro. Von Ende Dezember 1915 bis Ende Januar 1916. (71) Die Vorteile der inneren Linie. (72) [2 Abb.]: (1)In den Trümmern der Zitadelle von Belgrad, Deutsche Soldaten besehen einen 30,5 cm Granatdeckel. (2)Die Trümmer einer von den Verbündeten zerschossenen serbischen Donaubefestigung. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine der Kriegsbrücken der Verbündeten über die Donau. (2)Eine Truppenverladestelle der Verbündeten am ungarischen Donauufer. ( - ) Der Uebergang über Donau, Save und Drina und die Erstürmung von Belgrad. Vom 19. September bis 11. Oktober 1915. (73) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den Meldungen der deutschen Obersten Heeresleitung und des österreichisch-ungarischen Generalstabs. (73) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über den Vormarsch der Armeen Koeveß und v. Gallwitz der Heeresgruppe v. Mackensen vom 6. bis 23. Oktober 1915. (75) Der Donauübergang. Erster Teil eines Berichtes aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 9. November 1915 (Zweiter Teil vgl. S. 101) (76) Die Ueberschreitung der Drina. Am 6. Oktober 1915. (81) Saloniki als Operationsbasis der Entente. (81) Die ersten Landungen der Entente-Truppen. (81) Vom Oberkommando des englisch-französischen Expeditionskorps. (83) Der Vormarsch der 1. und 2. bulgarischen Armee bis zur Vereinigung mit den verbündeten Heeren. Vom 11. bis 28. Oktober 1915. (84) Chronologische Übersicht nach den Meldungen des bulgarischen Großen Generalstabs, der deutschen Obersten Heeresleitung und des österr.-ung. Generalstabs. (84) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über die bulgarische Front in Serbien bis zur Vereinigung mit den Verbündeten. Vom 14. bis 28. Oktober 1915. (85) [2 Abb.]: (1)Straßenbild aus Semendria nach der Eroberung der Stadt durch die Verbündeten. (2)Blick auf die Stadt Semendria an der Donau mit der Zitadelle. Rechts die überschwemmten Donauufer; im Vordergrund erstürmte serbische Stellungen. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Durchbruch der Donau oberhalb von Orsova. (2)Straßenbild aus dem brennenden Pozarevac nach der Besetzung durch die Verbündeten. ( - ) Vom Aufmarsch und der Ausrüstung des bulgarischen Heeres. (90) Die Bezwingung der Timoklinie und die Einnahme von Pirot vom 16. bis 28. Oktober 1915. (92) Die Einnahme von Veles und Uesküb und die Schlacht von Valandova. Vom 20. bis 26. Oktober 1915. (95) [2 Abb.]: (1)Sir Bryan T. Mahon. (2)Saloniki mit seiner Zitadelle vom Meere aus gesehen. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein französischer Transportdampfer schifft französische Truppen im Hafen von Saloniki aus. (2)Französische Truppen im Hafen von Saloniki nach der Landung. ( - ) Der Vormarsch der Armeen v. Koeveß u. v. Gallwitz bis zur Vereinigung mit der 1. bulgarischen Armee. Vom 12. bis 27. Oktober 1915. (97) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den Meldungen der deutschen Obersten Heeresleitung und des österreichisch-ungarischen Generalstabs. (97) Der Einmarsch nach Serbien hinein. Zweiter Teil des Berichtes aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 9. November 1915 (vgl. den ersten Teil S. 76) (100) [2 Abb.]:(1) Vor der Abfahrt bulgarischer Infanterie-Regimenter ins Aufmarschgebiet. (2)Der Abtransport der ersten serbischen Gefangenen durch bulgarische Truppen. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die 4. Batterie des 18. bulgarischen Artillerieregiments beschießt serbische Stellungen vor dem Kloster "Swjeta Perka" vor der Festung Kniazevac. (2)Ein Blick ins Timoktal. ( - ) Die Kämpfe in Altserbien. I. Erster Teil des Berichtes aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 11. Dezember 1915 (vgl. Teil II, S. 114 f.; Teil III, S. 135) (101) Die Eroberung der Macva. (102) Der Vormarsch der Armee v. Koeveß im Belgrader Bergland. (104) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Batterie serbischer Feldartillerie nach der Beschießung und Eroberung durch die Verbündeten. (2)Eine deutsche Proviantkolonne im Moravatal. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Artillerie auf dem Vormarsch in Serbien. (2)Von den Verbündeten gefangen genommene Serben. ( - ) Vom Vormarsch der Armee v. Gallwitz im Moravatal. (106) Der Donau-Uebergang bei Orsova. Am 23. Oktober 1915. (106) Die Vereinigung der deutsch-österreichisch-ungarischen Heere mit der bulgarischen Armee bei Kladovo. Am 26. Oktober 1915. (107) Die Mitteilung des serbischen Generalstabs über seine Operationen vom 6. bis 23. Oktober 1915. (108) Der Vormarsch der vereinten Armeen v. Koeveß, v. Gallwitz, Bojadjew und Todorow bis zur Einnahme von Nisch. Vom 28. Oktober bis 6. November 1915. (110) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den Meldungen der deutschen Obersten Heeresleitung sowie des österreichisch-ungarischen Generalstabs. (110) Die Kämpfe in Altserbien II. Zweiter Teil des Berichtes aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 11. Dezember 1915 (vgl. Teil I, S. 101, Teil III, S. 135) (114) Die Einnahme von Kragujevac. (116) Die Einnahme von Kraljevo. Vom 4. bis 6. November 1915. (118) Die Einnahme von Nisch. Vom 31. Oktober bis 5. November 1915. (120) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Trainkolonnen auf den überschwemmten Straßen des Moravatales. (2)Eine deutsche Munitionskolonne auf einer serbischen Landstraße. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Serbische Landbevölkerung auf der Flucht. (2)Volltreffer eines 21 cm Geschosses in einem serbischen Schützengraben vor Poljna. ( - ) Der Rückzug des serbischen Heeres. Nach den Berichten von Luciano Magrini. (122) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf die Stadt Veles (Köprülü). (2)Blick auf den Marktplatz von Veles (Köprülü). ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf die Stadt Uesküb (Skoplje). (2)Das alte türkische Gefängnis in Uesküb (Skoplje), das Quartier der deutschen Truppen. ( - ) Die Vernichtung des serbischen Heeres. Vom 7. bis 27. November 1915. (127) Chronologische Uebersicht nach d. Meldungen d. deutschen Obersten Heeresleitung und der österreichisch-ungarischen und bulgarischen Großen Generalstäbe. (127) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine von den Serben auf ihrem Rückzug zerstörte Brücke über die südliche Morava und eine von deutschen Pionieren erbaute Kriegsbrücke. (2)Erbeutete serbische Geschütze zwischen den Wällen der alten Festungswerke von Nisch. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine steckengebliebene deutsche Proviant- und Munitionskolonne im Ibartal. (2)Österreichisch-ungarische Tragtier-Kolonne im Vormarsch gegen den Limfluß. ( - ) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über die Einkreisung der serbischen Heeresreste auf dem Amselfeld. (133) Die Kämpfe in Altserbien III. Dritter Teil des Berichtes aus dem heutigen Großen Hauptquartier vom 11. Dezember 1915 (vgl. Teil I, S. 101, Teil II, S. 114) (135) Vom Rückzug der serbischen Armeen. (136) [2 Abb.]: (1)Bulgarische Truppen auf dem Vormarsch nach Lescovac. (2)Rast bulgarischer Truppen in einer Straße von Lescovac. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein deutsches Last-Automobil auf der Höhe der Babunapaß-Straße. (2)Eine erbeutete Kolonne der Entente-Truppen wird von bulgarischen Soldaten hinter die Front gebracht. ( - ) Der Vormarsch der Armee b. Koeveß und die Einnahme von Novipazar und Mitrovica. Am 20. und 23. November 1915. (138) Der Vormarsch der Armee v. Gallwitz und die Einnahme von Krusevac. Am 7. November 1915. (139) Der bulgarische Siegeszug und die serbischen Durchbruchsversuche bei Leskovac. (140) Die Einnahme von Pristina. Am 23. November 1915. (143) Die Schlacht an der Cerna und die Eroberung des Babuna-Passes. Vom 4. bis 16. November 1915. (144) Die Verfolgung nach Albanien, bis zur griechischen Grenze und nach Montenegro bis zum Beginn der Offensive gegen Montenegro. Vom 28. November 1915 bis 4. Januar 1916. (146) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den Meldungen der deutschen Obersten Heeresleitung sowie des österreichisch-ungarischen und bulgarischen Generalstabs. (146) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Partie aus dem oberen Moravicatal. (2)Österreichisch-ungarisches Gebirgsgeschütz, das zerlegt auf Tragtieren befördert wird, in Tätigkeit. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf das Umfeld (Kosovo Polje). (2)Straßenbild aus Mitrovica. ( - ) Auf der Flucht nach Albanien. (153) Die Besetzung von Monastir. Am 2. Dezember 1915. (159) [2 Abb.]: (1)Serbische Gefangene. (2)Deutsche Truppen im Biwak. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf Ochrida und den Ochridasee. (2)Eine Straße in Prizren. ( - ) Die Verfolgungskämpfe in Montenegro. Von Ende November bis Ende Dezember 1915. (161) Die Angriffe auf die bulgarischen Küsten. Von Oktober 1915 bis Februar 1916. Chronologische Uebersicht nach den amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (163) [2 Abb.]: (1)König Peter von Serbien und General Putnik in Sänften auf der Flucht. (2)König Peter von Serbien auf der Flucht. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Auf der Flucht von den Verbündeten gefangen genommene Serben werden durch das Ibartal abtransportiert. (2)Auf der Flucht von den Verbündeten gefangen genommene serbische Offiziere werden abtransportiert. ( - ) Von der Tätigkeit der Orientarmee. Von Mitte Oktober 1915 bis Februar 1916. (166) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den Meldungen des bulgarischen Generalstabs. Einzelne französische amtliche Meldungen sind zur Ergänzung beigegeben. (166) [2 Abb.]: (1)Infanterietruppen der Verbündeten überschreiten eine Ponton-Brücke über den unteren Vardar. (2)Partie aus der Stadt Doiran. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Griechische Offiziere im Hafen von Saloniki. (2)Beim Ausladen von Truppen und Kriegsmaterial aus einem englischen Transportschiff im Hafen von Saloniki. ( - ) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über das Kampfgelände am unteren Vardar. (169) Vom Rückzug der Orientarmee. Vom 2. bis 12. Dezember 1915. Nach französischen, englischen und italienischen Berichten. (172) Die Eroberung Montenegros. (174) Der Einbruch der k.u.k. Truppen aus der Herzegowina. Vom September 1915 bis Januar 1916. Chronologische Uebersicht nach den Meldungen des österreichisch-ungarischen Generalstabs. (174) Die Kämpfe der montenegrinischen Sandschakarmee. Bis Januar 1916. (175) Die Umzingelung und Besetzung Montenegros. Vom 5. bis 31. Januar 1916. (176) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den Meldungen des österreichisch-ungarischen Generalstabs. (176) Die Eroberung des Lovcen. Vom 8. bis 10. Januar 1916. (179) Die Erstürmung des Bjelos-Berges. Vom 7. bis 10. Januar 1916. (182) [2 Abb.]: (1)Einzug österreichisch-ungarischer Truppen in Plevlje. (2)Ein österreichisch-ungarischer Artillerie-Beobachter im Tara-Gebirge. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Gefangene Serben auf der Rast. (2)Ein von den Serben bei Ipek vergrabenes 15 cm Belagerungs-Geschütz wird von österreichisch-ungarischen Truppen gehoben. ( - ) Die Verfolgung der Montenegriner und die Einnahme von Cetinje. (185) Die Waffenstreckung Montenegros. (186) [2 Abb.]: (1)Feldmarschalleutnant Viktor Weber, Edler von Webenau. (2)Die Bucht von Cattaro; im Hintergrund die Berge Montenegros mit dem Lovcen in der Mitte. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ansicht des Lovcen von der Adria. (2)Die von den Montenegrinern gesprengte Serpentinen-Straße auf den Lovcen wird durch österreichisch-ungarische Pioniere wieder hergestellt. ( - ) Nachrichten über die Ereignisse in Albanien. (189) Die Seekämpfe an den Küsten der Adria. Chronologische Uebersicht nach den amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (190) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Gesamtansicht von Cetinje. (2)Ein Zug von Tragtieren der österreichisch-ungarischen Armee auf der Hauptstraße in Cetinje. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Gefangene Russen transportieren verwundete österreichisch-ungarische Soldaten über schwieriges Gelände in den Bergen Montenegros. (2)Oesterreichisch-ungarische Gebirgsartillerie in Stellung in den montenegrinischen Bergen. ( - ) Von den Fürsten u. Heerführern der Verbündeten. (193) Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen, Kundgebungen, Auszeichnungen und Personalien. (193) Besuche an der Front. (195) Kaiser Wilhelm in Nisch, Belgrad, Bazias und Osova. Vom 18. bis 20. Januar 1916. (195) Von den Reisen des Königs von Bulgarien. (198) Der Besuch des Armeeoberkommandanten Erzherzog Friedrich in Belgrad am 21./22. Oktober 1915. (199) Vom Oberbefehl des serbischen Heeres. (199) Ueber die Kampfesweise auf dem Balkan. (200) [2 Abb.]: (1)General Sarkotic. Der kommandierende General in Sarajewo und Landeschef von Bosnien und Herzegowina mit seinem Stabe. (2)Von der Waffenstreckung der montenegrinischen Armee. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Tarabosch bei Skutari mit seinen Festungsanlagen. (2)Ein Straßenbild aus Skutari. ( - ) Von den befreiten österr.-ung. Gefangenen. (202) Die Erdrosselung Griechenlands und der Ausbau der Saloniki-Basis. Von Mitte Oktober 1915 bis Februar 1916. Forsetzung von Seiten 37 bis 41 und 56. ([203]) Von der griechischen Regierung und Kammer. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. ([203]) Die diplomatischen Verhandlungen der Entente mit der griechischen Regierung. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. ([203]) Die Ereignisse in Saloniki. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (206) Der Ausbau und die Sicherung der Entente-Basis in Saloniki. (206) Personalien. (208) Die Besetzung weiteren griechischen Gebietes. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (208) Die britischen Diplomaten in Griechenland und die Beschwerden König Konstantins. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (210) Serbiens und Montenegros Ende. Von Oktober 1915 bis Februar 1916. Fortsetzung von Band IX, Seite 229 bis 240. ([214]) Serbien während seines Zusammenbruchs. ([214]) "Die Gerechtigkeit der Geschichte". ([214]) Von der serbischen Regierung. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. ([214]) Serbien und seine Verbündeten. ([214]) Verschiedene Maßnahmen. (215) Von der serbischen Kammer. (216) Von der Verwaltung der Mittelmächte in Serbien. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (216) Kundgebung des Oberkommandanten der verbündeten Armeen. (216) Peronalien, Kundgebungen und Maßnahmen der österreichisch-ungarischen Behörden. (216) [2 Abb.]: Dr. Baeff erzählt S.F.M v. Mackensen und General Bojadjew wie die Serben nach Albanien gedränt wurden. (2)Der bulgarische Generalstab, aufgenommen im Felde. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Prinz Boris und General Bojadjew (rechts) im Gespräch mit dem österreichisch-ungarischen Militärattaché Oberleutnant Lara und dem deutschen Militärattaché v. Massow. (2)Generalleutnant v. Winckler, Kommandeur einer Division, mit seinem Stabe. ( - ) Maßnahmen und Personalien der bulgarischen Behörden. (217) Die Eröffnung der Donauwasserstraße und des Eisenbahnweges Berlin - Konstantinopel. (218) Montenegro während seines Zusammenbruchs. (218) Vom König und der Regierung. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (218) Die Flucht der königlichen Familie. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (219) Von der österreichisch-ungarischen Verwaltung. (220) Das montenegrinische Zwischenspiel. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (221) [2 Abb.]: (1)Kaiser Wilhelm und König Ferdinand nehmen bei der Zusammenkunft in Nisch die Parade eines bulgarischen Kavallerie-Regiments ab. (2)Kaiser Wilhelm im Gespräch mit einem bulgarischen Armeeführer, König Ferdinand und S.F.M. v. Mackensen bei der Zusammenkunft in Nisch auf der Zitadelle. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Armeeoberkommandant Erzherzog Friedrich schreitet bei einem Besuch auf den südöstlichen Kriegsschauplatz die Front österreichisch-ungarischer Truppen ab. (2)Der Armeekommandant General d. Inf. Hermann Köveß von Köveßhaza (rechts) mit seinem Stabe. ( - ) Bulgarien während des serbisch-bulgarischen Krieges. Von Oktober 1915 bis 1. Februar 1916. Fortsetzung von Seiten 49 bis 57. ([227]) Die erste Kriegstagung der bulgarischen Sobranje. Der erste Teil der Tagung. Vom 27. Dezember 1915 bis 4. Januar 1916. ([227]) [4 Abb.]: (1)General Kutintschew. Der bulgarische Militärgouverneur in Serbien. (2)Johann Graf Salis-Seewis. Der k.u.k. Militärgouverneur in Serbien. (3)General Ratscho Petrow. Der bulgarische Militärgouverneur in Mazedonien. (4)Bevollmächtigter Minister Tschapraschikow. Kgl. Kommissar zu Nisch. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Soldaten auf einem bulgarischen Soldaten-Gräberfeld bei Prilep. (2)Serben in militärpflichtigem Alter werden interniert. ( - ) Von der Regierung. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (230) Maßnahmen. (230) Auszeichnungen. (231) Von den Beziehungen zu den Verbündeten und Neutralen. (231) Von den Beziehungen zu Deutschland und Oesterreich-Ungarn. (231) Von den Beziehungen zu Amerika, Holland und Griechenland. (232) [3 Abb.]: (1)Skuludis. Der griechische Ministerpräsident. (2)Sir Francis Edm. Hugh Elliot. Der britische Gesandte in Athen. (3)Der Woiwode Radimir Putnik, der Generalissimus der serbischen Armee. ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Die Landung französischer Truppen im Hafen von Korfu. (2)(3)Typen der auf Korfu gelandeten Reste des serbischen Heeres. ( - ) Rußland während des dritten Kriegshalbjahres. Von August 1915 bis Februar 1916. Fortsetzung von Band IX, Seiten 193 bis 224. ([233]) Das Land ohne Maßstäbe. ([233]) Vom russischen Parlament. (236) Die dritte Kriegstagung der Duma. Vom 1. August bis 16. September 1915. (236) Die Eröffnungssitzungen am 1. und 2. August 1915. (236) Die Verhandlungen, die Parteigruppierung und die Vertagung. (236) Der Kampf um die Wiedereinberufung der Duma. (246) Maßnahmen des Zaren und der Regierung. (247) Personalien. (247) [2 Abb.]: (1)Dr. Dimiter Tontschew. Der bulgarische Finanzminister. (2)König Ferdinand von Bulgarien begibt sich in die Sobranje, um sie persönlich zu eröffnen. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)König Ferdinand von Bulgarien im Gespräch mit dem Herzog von Mecklenburg nach der Landung des ersten Zeppelinluftschiffes in Sofia. (2)Die Königin Eleonore von Bulgarien im Kreise ihrer Pfleglinge in einem Militärhospital in Sofia. ( - ) Kundgebungen des Zaren und der Zarin. (250) Militärische Maßnahmen. (252) [2 Abb.]: (1)Sir George Buchanan. Der britische Botschafter in St. Petersburg. (2)Eine militärische Bittprozession in St. Petersburg. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der in das russische Hauptquartier entsandte französische General Pau mit den russischen und französischen Offizieren seiner Umgebung. (2)Die Ankunft der von General d'Amade (vorn von links der dritte) geführten französischen Militärmission in St. Petersburg. ( - ) Die Maßnahmen für und gegen die Fremdstämmigen. (253) Finanzielle Maßnahmen. (253) Die ökonomische Krisis. (256) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der deutsche Kleine Geschützte Kreuzer "Bremen", der am 17. Dezember 1915 in der östlichen Ostsee durch Torpedobootsangriff zum Sinken gebracht wurde. (2)Der deutsche Kleine Geschützte Kreuzer "Undine", der am 7. November bei einer Patrouillenfahrt südlich der schwedischen Küste von einem englischen Unterseeboot versenkt wurde. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der deutsche Panzerkreuzer "Prinz Adalbert", der am 24. Oktober 1915 bei Libau von einem englischen Unterseeboot versenkt wurde. (2)Das englische Unterseeboot "E 17", das Anfang Januar 1916 auf der Flucht vor deutschen Patrouillenbooten in den Haaksgronden (Holland) auf Grund geriet. ( - ) Von den Beziehungen zu den alliierten und neutralen Staaten. (259) Personalien und Besuche. (259) Eine Erklärung Sasonows. (260) Die russisch-englischen Beziehungen. (260) Die Beziehungen zu Japan und Amerika. (261) Vom Elend der russischen Flüchtlinge. (262) Von den Gerüchten über einen Sonderfrieden. (263) Von der russischen Sozialdemokratie. (264) [2 Abb.]: (1)Schwere Schiffsgeschütze während des Feuerns auf dem deutschen Panzerkreuzer "Moltke". (2)Ausfahrt einer deutschen Patrouillen-Flottille. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Torpedoboot-Halbflottille im Hafen von Wilhelmshaven vor der Ausfahrt. (2)An Bord eines deutschen Torpedobootes. Vorbereitungen zum Anbordnehmen eines aufgefischten Torpedos. ( - ) Der See- und Luftkrieg. Von August 1915 bis Februar 1916. Fortsetzung von Band IX, Seiten 265 bis 279. ([265]) In der Nordsee. ([265]) Von der englischen Flotte. ([265]) Von der Tätigkeit und den Verlusten der Kriegsflotten. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (266) Die Katastrophe des Hilfskreuzers "India". Am 8. August 1915. (269) Die letzte Fahrt des "Meteor". (270) In der Ostsee. (272) Die russische Ostseeflotte. (272) Von der Tätigkeit und den Verlusten der Kriegsflotten. Nach den amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (273) Die Vernichtung des britischen Tauchbootes "E 13". Am 19. August 1915. (276) Der russische "Seesieg" im Rigaischen Meerbusen. Vom 16. bis 21. August 1915. (277) Die Beschießung des schwedischen Unterseebootes "Hvalen" am 21. Oktober 1915. (279) Im Mittelmeer. (280) Die Gefährdung der Zufuhr nach Saloniki durch die U-Boote im Mittelmeer. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (280) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick über das Deck des britischen Linienschiffs (Battleship) "Kind Edward VII." (2)Das englische Linienschiff (Battleship) "King Edward VII.", das am 10. Januar 1916 an der schottischen Küste auf eine Mine geriet und sank. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Admiral Sir Percy M. Scott. Der Kommandant der Fliegerabwehr-Artillerie zur Verteidigung Englands gegen Luftangriffe. (2)Ein deutsches Wasserflugzeug wird bei Kiel eingebracht und zu diesem Zweck vor dem Herausziehen aus dem Wasser mit Rädern versehen. ( - ) Weitere Verluste der Kriegsflotten. (282) Von den englischen Lazarettschiffen im Mittelmeer. (283) Der Kreuzerkrieg der Unterseeboote. Personalien. (283) Die deutschen Luftschiffangriffe auf England. Von August 1915 bis Ende Januar 1916. (284) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (284) Die Angriffe der deutschen Luftflotte auf England am 9./10. am 12./13 und am 17./18. August 1915. (286) Der deutsche Luftschiffangriff auf London vom 8./9. September 1915. (288) [2 Abb.]: (1)Von den deutschen Luftangriffen auf England. Die Einschlagsstelle einer von einem Zeppelin-Luftschiff abgeworfenen Bombe. (2)Zerstörungen, die in einem Stadtteil Londons durch einen deutschen Luftangriff hervorgerufen wurden. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf den Hafen von Dover, der in der Nach vom 22. auf den 23. Januar 1916 von deutschen Fliegern bombardiert wurde. (2)Die Mannschaften zweier deutscher Flugzeuge, die Dover mit Bomben belegten. ( - ) Der deutsche Luftschiffangriff auf London am 13./14. Oktober 1915. (291) [2 Abb.]: (1)König Georg V. von England mit seinem Stabe auf dem Wege zu einer Truppenbesichtigung. (2)König Georg V. von England verläßt die Westminster-Abtei nach einem Gedächtnis-Gottesdienst für die bei Gallipoli Gefallenen. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Königin Viktoria von England mit Prinz Albert und Prinzessin Mary besichtigen englische Kavallerie auf dem Uebungsplatze Aldershot. (2)Königin Alexandra von England wird beim Verlassen von Marlborough-Haus von englischen verwundeten Soldaten begrüßt. ( - ) Großbritannien während des dritten Kriegshalbjahres. Von August 1915 bis Februar 1916. Fortsetzung von Band IX, Seiten 301 bis 336. ([294]) Vom Parlament und der Regierung. ([294]) Bis zum Wiederzusammentritt des Parlaments. Von Anfang August bis 14. September 1915. ([294]) Während der Tagung des Parlaments vom 14. bis 30. September 1913. (295) Der Kampf um die Wehrpflicht. (295) [2 Abb.]: (1)Lord Shelmsford. Vizekönig und Generalgouverneur von Indien. (2)Der englische Munitionsminister Lloyd George hält eine Ansprache. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der König und die Königin von England mit ihrer Begleitung wohnen beim Besuch eines Lazaretts den Vorkampfübungen verwundeter Soldaten bei. (2)Die Parade neu angeworbener schottischer Hochländer vor ihrer Einschiffung nach Frankreich. ( - ) Aus den Verhandlungen des Unterhauses. (297) Aus den Verhandlungen des Oberhauses. (298) Während der Tagung des Parlaments vom 13. Oktober bis 11. November 1915. (299) Der Kampf um die Wehrpflicht. (299) Der Rücktritt von Sir Edward Carson. (301) Kundgebungen über die politische Lage im Unterhause. (301) Oberhaus und Unterhaus gegen die Regierung. (306) Der Rücktritt von Lord Churchill. (309) Während der Tagung des Parlaments vom 11. November bis 23. Dezember 1915. (311) Der Kampf um die Einführung der allgemeinen Wehrpflicht. (311) Aus den sonstigen Parlamentsverhandlungen. (312) Während der Tagung des Parlaments vom 4. bis 27. Januar 1916. (313) Der Rücktritt von Sir John Simon. (313) Das Wehrpflichtgesetz und seine Annahme. (313) Die Parlamentsvertagung. (315) Personalien. (315) Die finanziellen Maßnahmen. (315) Die handelspolitischen und wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse. (318) [Tabelle]: Lebensmittel- und Rohmaterialienpreise. (320) [3 Abb.]: (1)Lord Northcliffe. (2)Lord Derby. (3)Die englische Landbevölkerung stellte in ihren Fenstern Karten mit den Namen der Familienmitglieder auf, die am Kriege teilnahmen, um zu zeigen, daß keine Drückeberger vorhanden sind. Der Besitzer dieses Hauses, von dem das obenstehende Fenster abgebildet ist, hatte sechs Söhne in Frankreich. ( - ) [4 Abb.]: Englische Werbeplakate zum Eintritt in das Heer. ( - ) Von der Tätigkeit des Munitionsministeriums. (322) Gegen die Angehörigen feindlicher Staaten. (324) Die Beziehungen zu den verbündeten Staaten. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (324) Der militärische und wirtschaftliche Zusammenschluß der Entente. (324) [2 Abb.]: (1)Miß Lorraine, eine bekannte englische Schauspielerin ist in London für die Rekruten-Anwerbung tätig. (2)Auf dem Rekruten-Büro des Rathauses in Fulham bei London wird vom Vorstand (in Uniform) und einem Leutnant ein Gesuch um Zurückstellung vom Heeresdienst geprüft. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Frauenhilfe im großen Fourage-Reservedepot in Richmond. (2)Aus einer Unterrichtsstunde über Maschinenbau für Frauen und Männder in einer technischen Schule Londons. ( - ) Von König Georg von England. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (325) Aus den englischen Kolonien. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (325) Meldungen aus Kanada. (325) Meldungen aus Australien. (326) Meldungen aus Indien. (326) Meldungen aus Südafrika. (328) Englands Blutverluste bis Januar 1916. (328) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Entente-Kriegsrat im französischen Hauptquartier am 12. und 13. März 1916. Von links nach rechts: General de Castelnau, Sir Douglas Haig, General Wielemans, General Gilinsky, General Joffre, General Porro, Oberst Peschitsch. (2)Von der militärisch-politischen Entente-Konferenz in Paris vom 27. bis 29. März 1916. Von links nach rechts: Gilinsky, Tittoni, Cadorna, Bourgeois, Salandra, Briand, Broqueville, Pasitsch, Asquith. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)General Cadorna im Gespräch mit General Joffre bei seinem Besuch im französischen Hauptquartier am 21. März 1916. (2)Die Ankunft russischer Truppen in Frankreich. ( - ) Der Völkerkrieg. Der Zusammenschluß der Entente während des vierten Kriegshalbjahres / Der Krieg zu Lande im vierten Kriegshalbjahr / Die Ereignisse an der Westfront im vierten Kriegshalbjahr. ( - ) Der Zusammenschluß der Entente während d. vierten Kriegshalbjahres. Von Februar bis August 1916. Fortsetzung von X, S. 313 bis 315, XI, S. 205 bis 207 und XIII, S. 324. ([1]) Gründe und Aussichten der militärischen und wirtschaftlichen Entente-Konferenzen. ([1]) Militärische und diplomatische Besuche. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (3) Die interparlamentarischen Besuche. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (7) [Abb.]: Die Sitzung der politisch-militärischen Entente-Konferenz im Ministerium des Äußeren am Quai d'Orsay zu Paris vom 28. März 1916. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Ankunft des englischen Ministerpräsidenten Asquith in Rom am 31. März 1916. Von links nach rechts: Martini, Asquith, Sonnino, Salandra. (2)Vom Besuch des englischen Ministerpräsidenten Asquith in Vatikan am 1. April 1916. In der Mitte: Sir Vincent Howard, der britische Gesandte beim Heiligen Stuhl, und Asquith. ( - ) Die militärischen Konferenzen. (12) Der Entente-Kriegsrat in Paris. Am 12. und 13. März 1916. (12) Die politisch-militärische Entente-Konferenz in Paris vom 27. bis 29. März 1916. (13) Der Kriegsrat in London am 11. Juni 1916. (15) Die wirtschaftlichen Konferenzen. (16) Die interparlamentarische Handelskonferenz in Paris. Vom 27. bis 29. April 1916. (16) Die Wirtschaftskonferenz zu Paris. Vom 14. bis 17. Juni 1916. (19) Die Wirtschaftskonferenz zu Paris. Vom 14. bis 17. Juni 1916. (19) Die Finanzkonferenzen der Entente in Paris und London. Anfang und Mitte Juli 1916. (21) Der Truppen-Austausch. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (22) Russische Truppen in Frankreich. (22) Russische Truppen in England. (23) Britische Truppen in Frankreich. (23) Britische Truppen in Rußland. (24) [2 Abb.]: (1)Transport eines französischen Verwundeten in ein Feldlazarett des Kampfgebiets. (2)Offiziere der Entente-Armeen beim Frühstück in einem französischen Schützengraben an der Westfront. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein Offiziersunterstand in den Vogesen, etwa 600 m vor dem Feinde. (2)Deutsche Infanterie mit Stahlhelmen. ( - ) Der Krieg zu Lande im vierten Kriegshalbjahr. Von Februar bis August 1916. ([25]) Die Frühjahrsvorbereitungen der Entente. ([25]) Die Kämpfe zu Lande im Monat März 1916. (26) Die Kämpfe zu Lande im Monat April 1916. Bericht aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 13. Mai 1916. (30) [2 Abb.]: (1)Offiziersunterstände im Schützengraben eines bayerischen Infanterie-Regiments an der Westfront. (2)Küchenbau in einem deutschen Lager an der Westfront, gekennzeichnet durch Pfanne und Kochlöffel am Giebel. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick in das Ruhequartier einer Reserve-Kompanie hinter der Westfront. (2)Blick in einen in die Erde gegrabenen Offiziersunterstand an der Westfront. ( - ) Die Kämpfe zu Lande im Mai und Juni 1916. Bericht aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 6. Juli 1916. (34) [2 Abb.]: (1)Französische schwere Artillerie in Stellung in der Champagne gedeckt gegen Fliegersicht. (2)Französische Artilleristen bei der Bereitstellung von Munition hinter der Westfront. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine deutsche Sanitätskompanie mit Sanitätshunden auf dem Marsch in der Champagne. (2)Französische Sanitätsunterstände in der Champagne. ( - ) Die Kämpfe zu Lande im Monat Juli 1916. (38) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Unterstände in Kalkhöhlen in der Champagne. (2)Eine Höhle hinter der deutschen Westfront wird zur Aufbewahrung von Sprengstoffen ausgebaut. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Truppen beim Bau einer Straße zu Kriegstransporten auf dem westlichen Kriegsschauplatz. (2)Deutsche Pioniere beim Brückenbau hinter der Westfront. ( - ) Siegesglaube. Bericht aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 13. Juli 1916. (44) Die Ereignisse an der Westfront im vierten Kriegshalbjahr. Vom Februar bis August 1916. Fortsetzung von Band X, Seiten 1 bis 252. ([46]) Die Vorgeschichte der Schlacht vor Verdun und die Bedeutung der Festung. Bericht aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 24. Oktober 1916. ([46]) Die Schlacht vor Verdun und die übrigen Kämpfe an der Westfront bis zur Sommeschlacht. Erster Teil. Vom 21. Februar bis 21. Mai 1916. (48) Chronolog. Uebersicht nach den Meldungen der deutschen Obersten Heeresleitung. (48) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein fünf Meter tiefer sogenannter "Granatstollen" an der deutschen Westfront. (2)Die Kaiser-Wilhelm Barrikade an der deutschen Westfront. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine deutsche Feldbäckerei hinter der Westfront. Das Wasser wird vom Wasserwagen in Bottiche gebracht, dann in Blechgefäßen heiß gemacht und zum Bereiten des Sauerteigs benutzt. (2)Deutsche Soldaten bei der Herstellung von Weidengeflechten hinter der Westfront in der Champagne. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Fernsprechzelle im Walde an der deutschen Westfront. (2)Von deutschen Pionieren erbauter Pferdestall an der Westfront. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Bayrische Truppen beim Schuhplatteln in einem Vogesendorf. (2)Pferde-Unterstände deutscher Kavallerie an der Front zwischen Maas und Mosel. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Marktplatz des durch die Beschießung völlig zerstörten Ortes Lombartzyde. (2)Einer der vordersten deutschen Schützengräben bei Bamburghoek und Lombartzyde mit Entwässerungsanlage. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein Zug deutscher Maschinengewehre in Feuerstellung an der flandrischen Küste. (2)Eine deutsche Matrosen-Abteilung mit erbeuteten belgischen Hundegespannen. ( - ) [Karte]: Die Entwicklung der deutschen Front während der Schlacht vor Verdun, links der Maas. (70) [Karte]: Die Entwicklung der deutschen Front während der Schlacht vor Verdun, rechts der Maas. (71) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine 450 Meter lange deutsche Kriegsbrücke bei Eterpigny (Nordfrankreich). (2)Französische Gefangene auf dem Durchmarsch durch das verschneite Laon. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Gefangene Franzosen und Nordafrikaner werden von deutschen Truppen durch ein französisches Dorf abtransportiert. (2)Eine französische Straßenbarrikade in einem Dorfe der Champagne. ( - ) Zusammenfassende Darstellung der Schlacht vor Verdun. Bericht aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 26. u. 27. Okt. 1916. (Den einleitenden Bericht vom 24. Oktober vgl. S 46 und 47.) (87) [2 Abb.]: (1)Aus einem zerschossenen Dorfe in den Vogesen. (2)Abgelöste deutsche Truppen gehen in Reserve. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein deutscher Feldgottesdienst in den Vogesen. (2)Eine Drahtseilbahn zur Beförderung von Lasten nach der Front in den Vogesen. ( - ) Der Kampf um den Haumontwald und die Erstürmung des Dorfes Haumont. Am 21. und 22. Februar 1916. (91) Die Erstürmung des Caureswaldes. Am 21. und 22. Februar 1916. (93) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der französische Oberstleutnant Driant, der am 22. Februar 1916 beim Rückzug aus dem Caures-Walde fiel. (2)Eine verlassene französische Stellung im Haumont-Walde südwestlich von Flabas. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Aufräumungsarbeiten in einem Graben vor dem Dorfe Beaumont. (2)Eine französische Maschinengewehr-Abteilung in Tätigkeit. ( - ) Der Sturm auf Beaumont und Louvemont. Vom 23. bis 25. Februar 1916. (97) [2 Abb.]: (1)Französische Soldaten beim Mittagessen auf der Straße einer französischen Ortschaft. (2)Eine französische Luftschiff-Abwehrkanone auf dem westlichen Kriegsschauplatz. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein französischer Automobilzug zieht durch ein Dorf vor Verdun. (2)Beschießung eines französischen Transportzuges durch ein deutsches Flugzeug. ( - ) Die Erstürmung des Forts und des Dorfes Douaumont. Am 25. Februar und 2. März 1916. (101) [3 Abb.]: (1)General d. Inf. von Guretzky-Cornitz. (2)Hauptmann a.D. Haupt. (3)Oberleutnant Brandis. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein Feldgottesdienst hinter der Westfront. - Der deutsche Kronprinz salutiert die Fahnen. (2)Eine deutsche Fahnenkompanie bei einem Feldgottesdienst hinter der Westfront. ( - ) Der Vormarsch gegen Ornes und seine Erstürmung. Vom 21. bis 24. Februar 1916. (105) Die Erstürmung von Dorf und Werk Bezonvaux sowie vom Werk (ouvrage) von Hardaumont. Am 25. und 26. Februar 1916. (110) Der Vormarsch gegen Vaux und die erste Erstürmung des Forts. Vom 25. Februar bis 8. März 1916. (111) Der Vormarsch in der Woëvre-Ebene und die Erstürmung von Fresnes. Vom 25. Februar bis 6. März 1916. (114) Stunden der Angst. (119) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine verlassene Stellung an der Straße nach Etain. (2)Eigenartige Hütten französischer Truppen aus Paris im Walde von Hermésville in der Woëvre. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: Gesprengtes französisches Geschütz im Walde von Hermésville in der Woëvre. (2)Französische Gefangene aus den Kämpfen rechts der Maas werden abtransportiert. ( - ) Die Erstürmung von Forges und die Besetzung des Rabenwaldes. Vom 6. bis 11. März 1916. (124) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Dorfstraße von Forges. (2)Die ehemaligen deutschen Stellungen beim Forgeswald. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Rabenwald, nordöstlich der Höhe "Toter Mann". (2)Von der Höhe "Toter Mann" (Mort homme). ( - ) Die Erstürmung des "Toten Mannes". Am 14. März 1916. (128) Die Erstürmung des Waldes von Malancourt-Avocourt. Vom 20. bis 29. März 1916. (129) Die Erstürmung der Dörfer Malancourt und Haucourt. Am 30. März und 5. April 1916. (132) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein abgeschossenes französisches Flugzeug vor Verdun. (2)Die Südkuppe des "Toten Mannes" vor dem deutschen Sturm. Im Hintergrund das Dorf Chattancourt. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Auf den Trümmern des Dorfes Haucourt. (2)Eine Ortschaft vor Verdun nach der Besetzung durch die Deutschen. ( - ) Die Erstürmung des Termitenhügels. Am 7. April 1916. (136) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf das Dorf Béthincourt vom Forgesbach aus nach der Erstürmung. (2)Eine zerschossene französische Stellung vor Béthincourt nach der Erstürmung. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Franzosen, ein Offizier und neunzehn Mann, die bei einem deutschen Vorstoß vor Verdun gefangen genommen wurden. (2)Ein mit Regenwasser gefülltes Granatloch auf der Höhe 304, dem deutsche Soldaten Wasser entnehmen. ( - ) Die Einnahme von Béthincourt. Am 9. April 1916. (138) Die Erstürmung der Höhe 304 am 7. und 8. Mai 1916. (143) Die Vollendung der Eroberung des "Toten Mannes". Ende Mai 1916. (149) [2 Karten]: Das französiche geographische Manöver am "Toten Mann". (1)Pause der französischen Beutekarte 1:20 000 vom 29. März 1916. (2)Pause der französischen Beutekarte 1:20 000 vom 18. April 1916. (149) Aus den Kämpfen rechts der Maas im April und Mai 1916. (150) Das Ringen um den Cailettewald. Nach der französischen halbamtlichen Darstellung ("Havas" 3. V. 16). (150) Die Erstürmung der Höhe von Thiaumont. (151) In Verdun während der Räumung und Beschießung. (152) Die Räumung der Festung. (152) [2 Abb.]: (1)General Joffre und General Pétain in Verdun. (2)Ein Straßenbild aus dem bombardierten Verdun. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Partie aus Verdun nach der Beschießung. (2)Flüchtlinge aus Verdun auf der Rast in Bar-le-Duc. ( - ) In Verdun während der Belagerung. (156) [2 Abb.]: (1)General Nivelle. (2)General Pétain in seinem Arbeitsraum in einem Eisenbahnwagen. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Auszeichnung französischer Truppen an der Front vor Verdun. (2)Trinkwasserfässer in einem französischen Verbindungsgraben vor Verdun. ( - ) Der Wechsel im französischen Kommando vor Verdun. Nach amtlichen Meldungen und ergänzenden Mitteilungen. (158) Entente-Kundgebungen. (159) Französische Armeebefehle. (159) Depeschen- und Briefwechsel zwischen den Generalen Joffre, Alexejew, Botha und Haig. (160) [Karte]: KARTE des TÜRKISCHEN KRIEGSSCHAUPLATZES. ( - ) Einband ( - ) Einband ( - )

DER VÖLKERKRIEG BAND 4 Der Völkerkrieg (-) Der Völkerkrieg Band 4 (4 / 1916) ( - ) Einband ( - ) [Abb.]: Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand von Österreich-Este und Gemahlin ( - ) Titelseite ( - ) Impressum ( - ) Der Völkerkrieg. Der Seekrieg bis zur Torpedierung der Lusitania / Die neutralen Nordstaaten bis zur Versenkung der Lusitania ( - ) Die deutschen Ueberseekreuzer (257) Der Untergang des Kreuzers "Dresden" 16. März 1915. (257) [2 Abb.]: (1)S. M. kleiner Kreuzer "Dresden" (2)Eine weittragende 6 inch-Schnellfeuerkanone auf einem englischen Monitor ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Korvettenkapitän Max Thierichens der Kommandant des Hilfskreuzers "Prinz Eitel Friedrich" (2)Der deutsche Hilfskreuzer "Prinz Eitel Friedrich" nach seiner Internierung im Hafen von Newport News ( - ) Der Hilfskreuzer "Prinz Eitel Friedrich" 10. März 1915. (263) [2 Abb.]: (1)Kapitänleutnant Paul Thierfelder Kommandant des Hilfskreuzers "Kronprinz Wilhelm" (2)Der deutsche Hilfskreuzer "Kronprinz Wilhelm" vor dem Kriege ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Ankunft des türkischen Torpedoboots mit der "Emden-Mannschaft" in Konstantinopel (2)Generalfeldmarschall Freiherr von der Goltz Pascha erscheint zum Empfang der "Emden-Mannschaft" in Konstantinopel ( - ) Der Hilfskreuzer "Kronprinz Wilhelm" 11. April 1915. (267) Die Heimkehr des Landungskorps der "Emden" (269) Von den Leistungen der deutschen Auslandskreuzer (272) [Tabelle]: Danach wurden vernichtet von der: (272) Die neutralen Nordstaaten und Amerika bis zur Versenkung der Lusitania. Von Kriegsbeginn bis Mitte Mai 1915. ([273]) Die Niederlande ([273]) Die Stimmung in Holland ([273]) Maßnahmen und Kundgebungen der Regierung (274) Personalien (276) Die holländische Sozialdemokratie (276) Die belgischen Flüchtlinge (277) Die Niederlande und der Handelskrieg (277) Die Entwicklung der wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse Hollands (280) [Abb.]: Wilhemine, die Königin der Niederlande ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Holländischer Militärposten auf einer Brücke (2)General Snyders, der Kommandant der niederländischen Armee ( - ) Schiffsverluste (282) Luxemburg 11. November 1914. (284) [2 Abb.]: (1)Königin Wilhelmina von Holland bei einer Besichtigung im Gespräch mit einem Funkentelegraphisten (2)Der niederländische Kriegsminister (links) besichtigt die holländischen Internierungslager in Harderwijk ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein Transport holländischer Geschütze in Amsterdam (2)Aus einem holländischen Militärlager ( - ) Dänemark, Schweden und Norwegen (285) Die Stimmung in den skandinavischen Ländern (285) Dänemark (287) Maßnahmen der Regierung (287) Vom König. Die Wirkungen des Handelskriegs. Die internationale sozialdemokratische Friedenskonferenz. (288) Schweden (289) Maßnahmen der Regierung und Kundgebungen (289) Personalien (290) Schwedens wirtschaftliche Verhältnisse und der Weltkrieg (290) Norwegen (292) Kundgebungen und Maßnahmen der Regierung (292) Personalien (294) Norwegens wirtschaftliche Verhältnisse und der Weltkrieg (295) [3 Abb.]: Die Könige der drei skandinavischen Reiche (1)König Gustav V. von Schweden (2)König Haakon VII. von Norwegen (3)König Christian X. von Dänemark ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Drei-Königs-Zusammenkunft in Malmö am 18. und 19. Dezember 1914 die drei Könige nehmen die Huldigung der schwedischen Studentenschaft entgegen (2)Das schwedische Kronprinzenpaar Gustav Adolf und Margarete mit seinen beiden Söhnen den Prinzen Gustav Adolf und Sigvard; rechts davon der schwedische Forscher Dr. A. v. Sven Hedin ( - ) Norwegische Schiffsverluste durch den Handelskrieg (297) Die gemeinsamen Maßnahmen der drei skandinavischen Reiche (299) Die Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika (301) Das amerikanische Volk und seine Regierung (301) Maßnahmen und Kundgebungen der Regierung (306) Vom Heer und der Flotte (308) Die amerikanische Neutralität und die Kriegslieferungen (309) Das amerikanische Schiffs-Ankaufsgesetz und der Streitfall der "Dacia" (313) Der Notenwechsel zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika, Deutschland, England und Frankreich über den Seehandel der Neutralen (314) Die amerikanische Note an England vom 28. Dezember 1914. (315) Die britischen Antwortnoten vom 7. Januar und 18. Februar 1915. (318) Die deutsche Antwortnote an Amerika vom 16. Februar 1915. (322) Die amerikanische Note an England vom 14. Februar 1915 und die Antwort Sir Edward Greys. (326) Die amerikanische Note an Deutschland vom 22. Februar 1915. (327) Dei deutsche Antwortnote an Amerika vom 28. Februar 1915. (328) [2 Abb.]: Woodrow Wilson Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika (2)Das Kriegsschiff "Texas" der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)William Jennings Bryan Staatssekretär der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika (2)Das Verladen von Kriegsmaterial im Hafen von New York ( - ) Die britische Antwortnote an Amerika vom 13. März 1915 und die amerikanische Zwischenfrage am 8. März mit der britischen Antwort vom 15. März 1915 (329) Der amerikanische-französische Notenwechsel vom 7. und 15. März 1915 (331) Die amerikanischen Noten an England und Frankreich vom 7. April 1915. (331) Die Gestaltung der wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika (333) Mexiko und Südamerika (336) [Abb.]: Erzherzogin Maria Josefa ( - ) Der Völkerkrieg. Die russischen kriegsschauplätze bis zur Wiedereroberung von Przemysl / Italien und der Vatikan bis zum Ausbruch des italienischen krieges / Die Sammlungen diplomatischer Aktenstücke der kriegsführenden Staaten ( - ) Die russischen Kriegsschauplätze bis zur Wiedereroberung von Przemysl. Von Ende Februar bis Anfang Juni 1915. Fortsetzung von Band IV, Seite 33 bis 168 (1) An Feldmarschall von Hindenburg (1) Zusammenfassende Darstellung (3) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Kolonne russischer Gefangener verläßt die Kirche in Suwalki, in der sie untergebracht war, um Straßenarbeiten auszuführen (2)Deutsche Garde-Fußartillerie im Gefecht an der ostpreußischen Grenze ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein schwer verwundeter Russe bittet den Kriegsphotographen um Hilfe (2)Auf dem Marsch plötzlich angegriffene deutsche Landsturmtruppen verteidigen sich in bereits vorhandenen Schützengräben nahe der ostpreußischen Grenze ( - ) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über die Entwicklung der Ostfront von Mitte März 1915 bis Anfang Juni 1915 ([7]) [2 Abb.]: (1) Eine deutsche Maschinengewehr-Kompagnie in Feuerstellung an der Nordostfront (2)Deutsche Landsturmtruppen im Schützengraben an der Nordostfront ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Aus der völlig zerstörten Stadt Kalvarja (2)Der Marktplatz des Dorfes Lozdziej einige Stunden nach dem Abzug der Russen. Im Vordergrund der schwedische Forscher Sven Hedin ( - ) Zwischen der Ostsee und der oberen Weichsel. (11) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den deutschen Generalstabsmeldungen vom 23. Februar bis 17. Juni 1915. Einzelne russische Meldungen sind zur Ergänzung beigegeben. (11) [2 Abb.]: (1)Erbeutete russische Geschütze auf dem Marktplatz in Sejny (2)Deutsche Infanterie im Schützengraben am Wigrysee unweit Krasnopol. Im Hintergrund das brennende Dorf Tartak ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Rast deutscher Truppen im Dorfe Berzniki (2)Deutsche Truppen besichtigen die russischen Maschinengewehre auf dem Schlachtfeld von Berzniki nördlich Sejny. ( - ) Die russischen Offensiven aus Grodno Ende Februar und vom 9. bis 11. März 1915 (25) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über das Kampfgebiet zwischen Suwalki, Augustow und Grodno. (27) [2 Abb.]: (1)Scheinwerfer der deutschen Memel-Verteidigung (2)Eisbrecherarbeiten deutscher Truppen auf der Angerapp an der Mühle Kisselen. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Straßensperre in dem von den Russen bedrohten Gebiet bei Tilsit (2)Der von den Russen gesprengte Bahnhofs-Wasserturm in Memel ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Von den Russen gestohlene landwirtschaftliche Maschinen, die auf einem Gute hinter Filippowo von deutschen Truppen wieder gefunden wurden (2)Von den Russen gestohlene Pferde, die bei ihrem raschen Abzug aus Ostpreußen zurückgelassen werden mußten ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Russen bei ihrem Einfall in Ostpreußen abgenommene "Tractor" amerikanischen Ursprungs, zur Beförderung schwerer Geschütze auf ungünstigem Gelände (2)Gefangene Russen während des Abtransports. ( - ) Die Befreiung Memels am 21. März 1915 (33) Der verhinderte Russeneinfall nach Tilsit Ende März 1915 (35) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte des Kampfgebiets zwischen Tilsit und Tauroggen. (36) Von den Kämpfen im Bereich der Festung Kowno (37) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Husaren im Vormarsch auf einer russischen Landstraße bei Tauwetter (2)Aus einem von deutschen Truppen im Sturm genommenen Wald, in dem die Russen übernachtet hatten ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Generalleutnant von Lauenstein mit seinem Stabe (2)Der deutsche Kavalleriestab in Kurland. Vorn Generalmajor Freiherr von Richthofen ( - ) Der Einmarsch in Kurland bis zum 14. Juni 1915. Zusammenfassende Berichte aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 7. und 10. Juli 1915. (44) I. Nördlich des Njemen haben Truppen, die zum Befehlsbereich des Feldmarschalls von Hindenburg gehören, ein großes Stück des schönen Kurland fest in der Hand. (44) II. Das vorläufige Ziel des Einmarsches in Kurland war, die Dubissalinie zu besetzen und Libau zu nehmen. (46) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte zum deutschen Vormarsch nach Kurland. (47) Gewaltmärsche und Reiterkämpfe (49) Der Brand von Szawle am 30. April 1915 (52) Der Zug auf Libau und die Einnahme der Stadt am 7. und 8. Mai 1915 (54) [2 Abb.]: (1)Aus der brennenden Stadt Szawle (2)Tote Russen auf dem Schlachtfeld bei dem Rittergute Staudville bei Bubje ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein deutsches Jägerbataillon auf dem Marsch in Rußland (2)Eine Etappenbrücke über den Njemen bei Jurburg ( - ) In Verteidigungsstellung im Gouvernement Suwalki während des Frühjahrs 1915 (59) Vor Ossowice (60) Die Kämpfe um Mlawa und Prasznysz bis zum Frühjahr 1915. Zusammenfassende Darstellung aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 13. Juli 1915 (61) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über das Kampfgebiet bei Mlawa und Praszynsz ([63]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Stab einer der deutschen Vormarsch-Kolonnen auf Libau beobachtet von den Dünen aus die Flottenbeschießung Libaus (2)Der deutsche Vormarsch auf Libau über die Dünen ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Bombensichere Vorwerke an der Ostfront der Stadt Libau, die von den Russen vor der Übergabe der Stadt gesprengt wurden (2)Der Hafenplatz nach dem Einrücken der deutschen Truppen ( - ) Die Kämpfe um Prasznysz Ende Februar 1915 (65) Aus den Kämpfen der Württemberger bei Prasznysz im Mai und Juni 1915 (66) Episoden (68) Deutscher Heldenmut. (68) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Offiziers-Unterstände im Walde vor der Festung Grodno (2)Deutsche Soldaten hinter der front in den Wäldern vor Grodno beim Bau von spanischen Reitern ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Marktplatz der fast völlig zerstörten Stadt Prasznysz (2)Eine deutsche Kavallerie-Petrouille bringt russische Plünderer ein ( - ) Wie sechs deutsche Landwehrleute ein russisches Panzerauto fangen. (69) Aus dem Armierungssoldatenleben. (70) Zwischen der oberen Weichsel und der Reichsgrenze bis zur Mai-Offensive der Verbündeten (71) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den österreichisch-ungarischen Generalstabsmeldungen vom 25. Februar bis 2. Mai 1915 (71) [2 Abb.]: (1)General der Artillerie von Gallwitz (2)Eine deutsche Maschinengewehr-Abteilung am Rand eines russisch-Polnischen Dorfes in Erwartung des Feindes ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Russischer Schützengraben dicht vor den deutschen Drahtverhauen in der Gegend von Demsk, östlich von Mlawa (2)Von den Russen weggeworfene Waffen und Ausrüstungsgegenstände auf dem Schlachtfeld von Kapusnik ( - ) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über die Entwicklung der Karpathen-Front von April bis Juni 1915 ([75]) Schulter an Schulter mit unseren Verbündeten (88) [2 Abb.]: (1)General d. Inf. v. Linsingen (2)Soldaten der deutschen Südarmee in einem als Stall benutzen ruthenischen Bauernhause ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Soldaten tauschen mit ruthenischen Bäuerinnen Eier gegen Brot ein (2)Galizische Juden tragen nach dem Gottesdienst ihre Tempelgeräte nach Hause ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Baracke des Hauptverbandplatzes der deutschen Südarmee in Tucholka (2)Ein ruthenisches Bauernhaus in Tucholka mit deutscher Einquartierung ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf die Ortschaft Orawa mit der ruthenischen Kirche (2)Rastender Proviant-Train in einem Karpathendorf ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Erzherzog Joseph im Felde (2)Österreichisch-ungarische Infanterie im Schützengraben in den Karpathen ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Österreichisch-ungarische Artillerie auf dem Marsch in den Karpathen (2)Zur Verpflegung der österreichischen Truppen requiriertes Vieh in einem Dorf der Karpathen ( - ) Zusammenfassende Darstellung der Karpathenkämpfe bis zur Osterschlacht, von Ende Februar bis Ende März 1915 (97) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte zu den Winterkämpfen in den Karpathen. ([99]) Wie die österreichisch-ungarischen Truppen im Winter 1915 in den Karpathen gekämpft haben (100) [2 Abb. ]: (1)Feldmarschalleutnant Alexander Szurmay (2)Österreichisch-ungarische Feldgeschütze in Feuerstellung in den Karpathen. - Neben jedem Geschütz befindet sich ein Unterstand für die Bedienungsmannschaften ( - ) [2 Abb. ]: (1)Ein österreichisch-ungarischer Panzerzug in den Karpathen (2)Eine österreichisch-ungarische Kavallerie-Fernsprechpatrouille in den Karpathen ( - ) Die Festung Przemysl während der zweiten Einschließung bis zur Kapitulation am 22. März 1915 (107) Der Fall der Festung Przemysl am 22. März 1915 (110) Die Osterschlacht in den Karpathen bis zum Eintreffen der deutschen Verstärkungen vom 20. März bis 26. April 1915 (113) Zusammenfassender Bericht aus dem österreichisch-ungarischen Kriegspressequartier vom 24. April 1915 (113) Vom Ansturm der Russen und dem Widerstand der österreichisch-ungarischen Truppen (115) Die Beteiligung des deutschen "Beskidenkorps" an der Osterschlacht in den Karpathen vom 5. bis 13. April 1915 (119) Zusammenfassender Bericht aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 12. Juni 1915 (119) [2 Abb.]: (1)Feldmesse am Ostersonntag (2)Ein Artillerie-Beobachtungsposten ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Kommandant der Festung Przemysl General d. Inf. von Kusmanek mit seinem Stabe. Von links nach rechts. - Obere Reihe: Alois Zimmermann, Oberleutn. Ludolf Ulbrich, Leutn. Herbert Schlegel, Leutn. Alfred Nechuta, Leutn. Georg Auspitz, Leutn. Schanzer. - Mittlere Reihe: Oberleutn. Andreas Puchner, Oberleutn. Felix Hölzer, Hauptmann Alfred Luksch, Unter-Intendant Josef Frhr. v. Tkalezewich, Hauptmann Josef Kurz v. Traubenstein, Rittmeister Hugo Freiherr de Pont, Leutn. Rudolf Messig, Fähnrich Gustav Schnabl. - Untere Reihe: Oberleutn. Dr. Wlodzimiers Ritter v. Blazovsky, Hauptmann Hubert Kurz, Intendant Alois Rausch, Exzellenz Hermann Kusmanek v. Burgneustätten, Oberstleutnant Ottokar Hubert, Hauptmann Friedrich Zwiedinek, Hauptmann Gustav v. Kubik (2)Ein österreichisch-ungarisches Festungsgeschütz in Ladestellung ( - ) Der Sturm der Pommern, Helfen und Württemberger auf den Kobila in den Ostertagen des Jahres 1915. (124) Im Hauptquartier des deutschen Beskidenkorps. (128) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Truppen auf dem Vormarsch in das Laborcztal (2)General d. Kav. von Marwitz mit seinem Stabe ( - ) Die Kämpfe um den Zwinin und den Ostry von Februar bis Ende April 1915 (129) Zusammenfassender Bericht aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 14. September 1915 (129) Die Eroberung des Orawatals durch die Südarmee (131) [2 Abb.]: (1)General d. Inf. Felix Graf von Bothmer (2)Durch eine Sprengmine verursachter Erdtrichter auf dem Zwinin ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Österreichisch-ungarische Infanterie im Vormarsch auf einem besonders dazu hergestellten Knüppelweg (2)Ein Eisenbahnzug mit gefangenen Russen auf der Fahrt über eine wiederhergestellte Brücke in den Karpathen ( - ) Von den Kämpfen in der Bukowina und in Südostgalizien bis Anfang Mai 1915 (136) [2 Abb.]: (1)Generalmajor v. Conta mit seinem Stabe auf dem Ostry (2)Deutsche und österreichisch-ungarische Truppen auf dem Ostry 600 m vor dem Feind ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf den Ostry (2)Deutsche Infanterie auf dem Marsch auf einer durch den Belag mit Brettern gangbar gemachten Paßstraße der Karpathen ( - ) Die Verluste des russischen Heeres in den Karpathen (140) Episoden (140) Das deutsche Hurra (140) Der Trompeter (142) Heldentod eines Sanitätshundführers. (142) Wie der Abgeordnete Zoltan Desy fiel (143) Zwischen der oberen Weichsel und der Reichsgrenze bis zur Wiedereroberung von Przemysl (144) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den deutschen und österreichisch-ungarischen Generalstabsmeldungen vom 3. Mai bis 4. Juni 1915 (144) [2 Abb.]: (1)General d. Kav. von Pflanzer-Baltin (2)Ein österreichisch-ungarischer 30,5-Mörser schußbereit ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Bombensichere Erdhöhlen und Unterstände in einer österreichisch-ungarischen Schwarmlinie der ostgalizischen Front (2)Ein der Spionage verdächtigter Bauer wird von österreichisch-ungarischen Soldaten eingebracht ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Österreichisch-ungarische Infanterie in einem eroberten russischen Schützengraben der ostgalizischen Kampffront. - Im Vordergrund liegen die Reserven (2)"Auf Posten ziehen" in einem österreichisch-ungarischen Schützengraben in Ostgalizien ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ruthenische Bauern beim Herstellen von Stacheldrahthindernissen an der ostgalizischen Grenze (2)Gefangene Russen als Arbeiter beim Ausbessern der Straßen in Ostgalizien ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Erzherzog Josef Ferdinand im Felde (2)Russische Unterstände bei Tarnow, die vom 14. K. u. K. Korps gestürmt wurden ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine erstürmte russische Grabenstellung vor Gorlice. Im Hintergrund Rauch der brennenden Bohrtürme der Naphthagruben (2)Die erstürmte stark ausgebaute russische Stellung an der Friedhofmauer bei Gorlice ( - ) Zusammenfassende Darstellung des Frühjahsfeldzugs in Galizien bis zur Wiedereroberung von Przemysl am 3. Juni 1915 (161) Der Auftakt zum galizischen Durchbruch (165) Die Schlacht von Gorlice - Tarnow vom 2. bis 4. Juni 1915 (168) Die zusammenfassenden Berichte aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier 6. Mai 1915. (168) [2 Abb.]: (1)General d. Kav. Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli (2)Sanitätsabteilungen auf der Suche nach Verwundeten nach der Schlacht von Gorlice-Tarnow ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der untere Stadtteil von Gorlice nach der Erstürmung durch deutsche Truppen (2)Deutsche Soldaten und Juden Gorlice ( - ) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über das Schlachtfeld von Gorlice - Tarnow. Vgl. auch die Karten S. 75 und IV, S. 77 (169) Von der Vorbereitung und der Durchführung der Schlacht (172) Die Einnahme von Gorlice und Tarnow (177) Die Verfolgungskämpfe bis zum San und die Erstürmung von Jaroslau vom 6. bis 20. Mai 1915 (178) Die zusammenfassenden Berichte aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier 14. Mai 1915. (178) Von den Verfolgungskämpfen (182) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Truppen auf der Dukla-Paß-Straße im Vormarsch gegen den San (2)General d. Inf. von Emmich gibt an Hand der Karte Befehle für die kämpfenden Truppen am San ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Feldzeugmeister Paul Puhallo v. Brlog (2)Feldmarschalleutnant Arz v. Straußenburg (3)Russische Stellungen am San nach der Erstürmung durch die Verbündeten ( - ) Von der Erzwingung der Sanübergänge (185) Die Erstürmung von Radymno und die Kämpfe nördlich des San vom 23. Mai bis 12. Juni 1915 (187) Die Besetzung des Naphthagebiets von Boryslaw-Drohobycz und die Erstürmung von Stryj Mitte bis Ende Mai 1915 (190) [2 Abb.]: (1)Prinz Eitel Friedrich vor einem Unterstand unmittelbar hinter der Front am San (2)Kaiser Wilhelm beim Besuch der Osrfront in Galizien. Rechts Generaloberst von Mackensen, in der Mitte Oberst von Seeckt ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die brennenden Naphthagruben in Boryslaw. Im Vordergrund zerstörte Bohrtürme (2)Gestürmte russische Grabenstellung in der San-Niederung ( - ) Die Wiedereroberung von Przemysl vom 30. Mai bis 3. Juni 1915 (193) Die zusammenfassenden Berichte aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier 7. Juni 1915. (193) Von der Erstürmung und vom Einzug der Verbündeten (194) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Bayrische Generalleutnant Ritter von Kneußl (2)Eine Kraftfahrerkolonne am Lagerfeuer vor Przemysl ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Straßensperre im Außengürtel der Festung Przemysl (2)Aus dem Fort X der eroberten Festung Przemysl ( - ) Przemysl unter russischer Herrschaft (197) Von den Kämpfen in der Bukowina von Anfang Mai bis Anfang Juni 1915 (200) [2 Abb.]: (1)Aus einem der von den deutschen und österreichisch-ungarischen schweren Geschützen zerstörten Panzerwerke der Festung Przemysl (2)Der Armeeoberkommandant Erzherzog Friedrich begibt sich bei seiner Anwesenheit in dem wiedereroberten Przemysl zum Gottesdienst in der Garnisonskirche ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die von den Russen gesprengte Eisenbahnbrücke über den San vor Przemysl (2)Bauern in der Umgebung kehren in ihre zerstörten Dörfer zurück ( - ) Die Kriegsschäden in Ungarn und Galizien (203) Episoden (206) Die Heldentat des Leutnant Pindter von Pindtershofen. (206) Der Kosak verabschiedet sich von seinem Pferde (207) Feierstunden im Felde (208) In Polen zwischen der unteren und oberen Weichsel (209) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den deutschen und österreichisch-ungarischen Generalstabsmeldungen vom 23. Februar bis 17. Juni 1915 (209) Von Kampf- und Ruhetagen an der Polnischen Front im Winter und Frühjahr 1915 (214) [2 Abb.]: (1)Polnische Mädchen auf dem Kirchgang am Sonntag (2)Österreichisch-ungarische Ulanen-Vorhut wird in einem russisch-polnischen Dorfe von den Bauern begrüßt ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein österreichisch-ungarisches Automobil, das in den grundlosen Wegen Russisch-Polens stecken geblieben ist, wird von Trainsoldaten wieder flott gemacht (2)Das niedergebrannte russisch-polnische Dorf Lapuschno ( - ) Die Judenverfolgungen und die kriegsschäden in Russisch-Polen (220) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blockhäuser der deutschen Truppen im Walde von Skierniewice (2)Wohnhütten der österreichisch-ungarischen Truppen an der Front in Russisch-Polen ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Entlausungsstation in Alexandrowo hinter der deutschen Front in Polen, wo alle auf Urlaub gehenden vorher entlaust werden (2)Aus einer Mannschaftsstube an der deutschen Front in Polen ( - ) Episoden (222) Neben den Schlachten in Russisch-Polen (222) Polnische Wirtschaft (223) Ein Tag im Fesselballon (223) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein deutscher Lenkballon wird in Russisch-Polen auf schwierigem Gelände zu einer zum Aufstieg geeigneten Stelle gebracht (2)Das Ablösen eines Beobachtungspostens, dem von den Kameraden die großen Filzschuhe abgezogen werden ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein Offiziersunterstand deutscher Pioniere in Russisch-Polen (2)Aus einem Offiziersunterstand deutscher Pioniere an der Front in Russisch-Polen ( - ) Die russische Kriegsberichterstattung (225) Von den Fürsten und Heerführern der Verbündeten (228) Personalien und Kundgebungen (228) Kaiser Wilhelm und König Friedrich August von Sachsen an der Ostfront (231) Die Erzherzöge Friedrich, Karl Franz Josef und Leopold Salvator an der Ostfront (232) [Abb.]: Kaiser Wilhelm nimmt während der Kämpfe um die Sanübergänge einen Vortrag des Generals v. Emmich, des Führers der Hannoveraner, Braunschweiger und Oldenburger entgegen. In der Gruppe rechts Admiral v. Müller, der Chef des Marinekabinetts ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Feldmarschall Erzherzog Friedrich im Gespräch mit dem Chef des deutschen generalstabs General d. Inf. v. Falkenhayn im K. u. K. Hauptquartier des östlichen Kriegsschauplatzes (2)Kaiser Wilhelm II. im Gespräch mit dem Chef des österr.-ungar. Generalstabs General d. Inf. Freiherr Conrad v. Hötzendorf im K. u. K. Hauptquartier des östlichen Kriegsschauplatzes ( - ) Die österreichisch-ungarischen Heerführer in Galizien (233) Vom Zaren und den russischen Heerführern (236) Personalien (236) Die Besuche des Zaren an der Front (236) Aus dem russischen Hauptquartier (237) Radko Dimitriew (238) Von der Kampfesweise der russischen und der verbündeten Truppen (240) [Abb.]: Generalfeldmarschall August v. Mackensen ( - ) Von der Verwaltung der von den Verbündeten besetzten Teile Russisch-Polens (244) Die Abgrenzung der Verwaltungsbezirke und die gemeinschaftlichen Notstandsmaßnahmen (244) Verwaltungsmaßnahmen und Personalien in den von Oesterreich-Ungarn besetzten Teilen Polens bis Anfang Juni 1915 (245) Verwaltungsmaßnahmen und Personalien in den von Deutschland besetzten Gebieten Polens bis Anfang Juni 1915 (247) [2 Abb.]: (1)General d. Inf. v. Linsingen mit seinem Generalstabschef Generalmajor Stolzmann (2)Feldmarschalleutnant Szurmay wird vom Generalstabschef der deutschen Südarmee Generalmajor Stolzmann mit dem eisernen Kreuz dekoriert ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Oberst Tappen Chef der Operationsabteilung des deutschen Generalstabs (2)Oberst v. Seeckt Chef des Generalstabs des Oberkommandos der deutschen XI. Armee (3)Der Stab der Armeegruppe von Pflanzer-Baltin. Vorderste Reihe von links nach rechts: Major von Kasprzynski, Oberstleutnant von Zcynek, Hauptmann Baron Haymerle, Hauptmann Julier, Hauptmann Prager ( - ) Italien und der Vatikan bis zum Ausbruch des italienischen Krieges. Von Kriegsbeginn bis Ende Mai 1915 ([249]) Die Tragik Italiens ([249]) Italien als neutraler Staat von August 1914 bis Anfang Mai 1915 (253) Von der Regierung. (253) Personalien (253) [Abb.]: Feldmarschall Erzherzog Friedrich und Erzherzog-Thronfolger Karl Franz Josef im Kreise österreichisch-ungarischer Offiziere bei einem Besuche an der Front ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Erzherzog-Thronfolger Karl Franz Josef beim Besuche der österreichisch-ungarischen Armeegruppe v. Köveß in Russisch-Polen; hinter dem Thronfolger General d. Inf. Rudolf Stöger-Steiner (2)Der Generalartillerieinspekteur Feldzeugmeister Erzherzog Leopold Salvator in der österreichisch-ungarischen Stellung in der Bukowina ( - ) Kundgebungen und Maßnahmen der italienischen Regierung (Fortsetzung von Bd. I, S. 59 u. 186.) Die militärischen Maßnahmen folgen S. 258, die wirtschaftlichen Maßnahmen sind auf den S. 268 bis 272 zusammengefaßt. (257) Vom Heer und von der Flotte Italiens. (258) Aus den Verhandlungen des Parlaments (258) Die Session vom 3. bis 18. Dezember 1914. (258) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ausländische Berichterstatter auf dem östlichen Kriegsschauplatz. Von links nach rechts: Amerika, Italien, Spanien, Hauptmann Kliewer vom großen Generalstab, Rumänien, Amerika (2)Deutsche Kriegsberichterstatter biwakieren an der Dubissa. Von links nach rechts: (am Tische sitzend) Hauptmann Vogel, Rudolf von Koschützki, Dr. Steiner, Wien, Hofphotograph Kühlewindt, Oberleutnant von Dewitz (sich waschend) Wilhelm Düwell (im Auto) (-) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Großherzog Wilhelm Ernst von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (der zweite von rechts) auf dem östlichen Kriegsschauplatz (2)Herzog Karl Eduard von Sachsen-Coburg im Verein des Stabes der thüringischen Division auf dem östlichen Kriegsschauplatz ( - ) Die Session vom 18. Februar bis 22. März 1915. (261) Die Ereignisse in der nordafrikanischen Kolonie Italiens (262) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Zar im russischen Hauptquartier. Rechts im Automobil der Generalissimus Großfürst Nikolai Nikolajewitsch (2)Russische Kosaken. - Ein Bild aus der Zeit der Russenherrschaft in Stanislau ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Der russische General Alexejew (2)Der russische General Iwanoff (3)Ein russische Generaloberarzt mit seiner Begleitung. Aufnahme aus der Zeit der Russenherrschaft in Stanislau ( - ) Von den Vertretern fremder Staaten in Italien (265) Der Einfluß des Krieges auf das Wirtschaftsleben des neutralen Italiens (268) Die Verhandlungen der Dreibundmächte und der Vertragsbruch durch Italien (272) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über die Gebiete, die Oesterreich-Ungarn als Kompensation für sein Vorgehen auf dem Balkan an Italien freiwillig abzutreten bereit war. Das abzutretende Gebiet ist senkrecht schraffiert. (278) Die Mobilisation der Gemüter (279) [3 Abb.]: (1)Giovanni Gioletti (2)Antonio Salandra (3)Sidney Sonnino ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Antonio Marchese di San Giuliano † 16. Okt. 1914 (2)Vittorio Emanuel Orlando, der italienische Justizminister ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Das Denkmal der Tausend im Quarto bei Genua (2)Der Präsident der italienischen Kammer Marcora (in der ersten Reihe der zweite von links) daneben der Dichter d'Annunzio und der Bürgermeister von Genua General Massone auf dem Wege zur Enthüllung des Garribaldi-Denkmals in Quarto bei Genua ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Michael Nikolajewitsch von Giers der russische Botschafter in Rom (2)General Vittorio Zupelli der italienische Kriegsminister (3)Admiral Viale der italienische Marineminister ( - ) Italiens Entschluß zum Kriege. Von Anfang Mai bis zum 21. Mai 1915 (285) Die Maßnahmen der Regierung. (285) Erlasse und Kundgebungen (285) Vom Heer und von der Flotte. (286) Die Feier zur Enthüllung des Denkmals der Tausend in Quarto bei Genua am 5. Mai 1915 (286) [Abb.]: Papst Benedikt XV. ( - ) Giolittis Eingreifen (289) Die Stimme des Volkes (289) Die Entscheidung des Königs. (294) Der Beschluß des Parlaments am 20. Mai 1915 (296) Die Sitzung der Kammer (296) [Abb.]: Fürst Bernhard von Büluw ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Italienische Stabsoffiziere bei einer militärischen Kritik (2)Eine Abteilung italienischer Infanterie ( - ) Die Sitzung des Senats. (300) Auf dem Balkon des Quirinals (301) Italien erklärt Oesterreich-Ungarn den Krieg (301) Maßnahmen und Kundgebungen der Regierung (301) Die Abreise der Oesterreicher, Ungarn und Deutschen (302) Begrüßungstelegramme zwischen den Staatsoberhäuptern und Regierungen der Ententemächte (303) Die militärische Rüstung Italiens (304) Italien im Kriegstaumel (306) Der Vatikan (309) Die Lage des Papsttums (309) Personalien (310) Vom Heiligen Stuhl (310) Von den Gesandten beim Heiligen Stuhl (312) [2 Abb.]: (1)Helene Königin von Italien (2)Victor Emanuel III. König von Italien ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Eine Gruppe italienischer Bersaglieri (2)Ein italienischer Infanterist in neuer Feldausrüstung (3)Ein italienischer Infanterie-Offizier in neuer Feldausrüstung ( - ) Kundgebungen und Maßnahmen des Heiligen Stuhls (313) Besondere Maßnahmen für die an den Kämpfen Beteiligten. (313) Kundgebungen. (314) Die Sammlungen diplomatischer Akten der kriegführenden Staaten. Das "Regenbogenbuch" ([319]) Der Völkerkrieg. Das deutsche Reich während des zweiten Kriegshalbjahres. / Die Ereignisse an der Westfront von Mai bis August 1915 ( - ) [Abb.]: Großherzog Friedrich II. von Baden im Felde ( - ) [Abb.]: Ernst Ludwig, Großherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein im Felde ( - ) Das Deutsche Reich während des zweiten Kriegshalbjahres. Fortsetzung von Band III, S. 1 bis 44. ([1]) Das deutsche Volk und die achte Kriegserklärung ([1]) Von der Reichsregierung (2) Personalien (2) Kundgebungen (3) Ueber die Kriegsziele und Friedensabsichten (3) Ueber den Abfall Italiens vom Dreibund (6) Militärische Maßnahmen (7) Von den Beziehungen zu den verbündeten und neutralen Staaten (8) [Abb.]: Großherzog Friedrich Franz IV. von Mecklenburg-Schwerin im Felde ( - ) [Abb.]: Friedrich August, Großherzog von Oldenburg im Felde ( - ) Die dritte und vierte Kriegstagung des deutschen Reichstags (10) Die Session vom 10. bis 20. März 1915 (10) Die Sitzungen des 10. März 1915 (10) [Abb.]: Kaiserin Auguste Victoria ( - ) Die Sitzungen am 18., 19. und am Morgen des 20. März 1915 (24) [Abb.]: Wilhelm Ernst, Großherzog von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach im Felde ( - ) [Abb.]: Großherzog Adolf Friedrich VI. von Mecklenburg-Strelitz im Felde ( - ) Die Schlußsitzung am Abend des 20. März 1915 (26) Die Session vom 18. bis 29. Mai 1915 (27) Die Sitzung vom 18. Mai. 1915 (27) Die Sitzung vom 28. Mai 1915 (29) Die Schlußsitzung vom 29. Mai 1915. (32) [Abb.]: Clemens Delbrück. Preußischer Staatsminister und Staatssekretär im Reichsamt des Inneren, während des Krieges Stellvertreter des Reichskanzlers ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Staatsminister Graf Georg F. v. Hertling. Präsident des bayrischen Staatsministeriums (2)Staatsminister Dr. H. Gustav Beck. Präsident des königl. sächsischen Staatsministeriums (3)Staatsminister Dr. Karl von Weizsäcker. Präsident des württembergischen Staatsministeriums ( - ) Deutschlands wirtschaftliche und soziale Organisation während des zweiten Kriegshalbjahres (33) Vorbemerkung: (33) Der Staat als wirtschaftliche Organisation (33) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Armbrust als Granatschleuder in einer französischen Stellung (2)Eine französische 80 mm Gebirgskanone, die zum Werfen von Minen benutzt wird. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Englische Offiziere beim Frühstück hinter der Front (2)Englische Schützenlinie im Angriff ( - ) Die wirtschaftliche Aufklärung (39) Das Börsen- und Bankwesen (40) [2 Abb.]: (1)Französische Offiziere in schwarzen Übermänteln, die ihre Träger bei Nacht unsichtbar machen (2)Ein englischer Soldat beim Legen einer Feldtelephonleitung ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine englische Maschinengewehr-Abteilung im Angriff (2)Farbige Franzosen (Senegalneger) lagern in einer Geländefalte ( - ) Handel, Handwerk und Industrie (43) Die deutsch-österreichische Wirtschaftsannäherung (46) Der Nahrungsmittelaufwand (47) [Tabelle]: Nach den monatlichen Tabellen des kgl. Preußischen Landesamtes über die häufigsten Kleinhandelspreise wichtiger Lebensmittel und Hausbedarfsartikel für fünfzig Hauptmarktorte Preußens kosteten durchschnittlich das Kilogramm in Pfenningen: (48) Der Arbeitsmarkt (50) [Tabelle]: Die Bewegung des Andranges am Arbeitsmarkte in den Monaten Juli 1914 bis Juli 1915 gestaltete sich nach den Aufstellungen des Reichsarbeitsblattes, wie folgt. Es kamen auf je hundert offene Stellen: (50) [Tabelle]: Setzen wir die Beschäftigtenziffer am 1. August 1914 gleich 100, so erhalten wir folgende Indexziffern für den Ersten der aufgeführten Monate: (51) Die Kriegswohlfahrt (51) [Tabelle]: Nach der am 11. Juli 1915 veröffentlichten Lazarettstatistik kamen von dem in den Lazaretten des gesamten deutschen Heimatsgebietes behandelten Angehörigen des deutschen Feldheeres in Abgang, berechnet auf je 100 des Abganges: (51) [Tabelle]: Das Reichsstatistische Amt hat folgende Zahlen über die Bewegung der Mitgliederzahl veröffentlicht: (53) Die Kirche in Deutschland im ersten Kriegsjahr (55) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick in einen französischen Schützengraben, über dem eine Granate explodiert (2)Französische Soldaten mit Aluminium-Masken, die zum Schutze gegen giftige Gase getränkte Watte enthalten ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Aus einem französischen Schützengraben (2)Französische Soldaten beim Ausheben eines Schützengrabens ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Französischer Soldat beim Abschießen eines Lufttorpedos (2)Französische Reservetruppen sind mit dem Bergen ihrer Verwundeten und Gefallenen beschäftigt ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine französische Gasbatterie mit giftigen Gasen zu Angriffszwecken (2)Algerische Schützen mit Minenwerfern im Angriff gegen einen deutschen Schützengraben. ( - ) Kundgebungen deutscher Reichsfürsten (61) Vom Kaiser (61) Kundgebungen (61) Auszeichnungen (63) [2 Abb.]: (1)Engländer, die in den Kämpfen bei Ypern gefangen genommen wurden (2)Aus einem deutschen Schützengraben in Flandern ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine englische Motorrad-Fahrabteilung (2)Ein englisches Geschütz wird in Feuerstellung gebracht ( - ) Von den deutschen Königen (65) Vom deutschen Volk (66) Am Ende des ersten Kriegsjahres (72) [2 Abb.]: (1)Englische Soldaten (Schotten) in einem durch Sandsäcke geschützten Graben (2)Französische Soldaten im Schützengraben beim Abendessen ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Kraftfahrer mit Ersatzteilen auf dem Wege zur Front nach Flandern (2)Von den indischen Hilfstruppen der Engländer. Ein indischer Fürst mit seinem Stab ( - ) Die Ereignisse an der Westfront.Von Mai bis August 1915. Fortsetzung von Band V, S. 1 bis 218 ([74]) Vom deutschen Soldaten im Felde ([74]) In Verteidigung und Angriff. Zusammenfassende Darstellung der Kämpfe an der Westfront von Mai bis August 1915 (77) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte der deutschen Frontlinie im Westen Ende Juli 1915 (79) Der flandrische Kriegsschauplatz (85) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den deutschen Generalstabsmeldungen (85) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein erobertes französisches maschinengewehr wird von den Deutschen zur Abwehr von feindlichen Fliegern benützt (2)Französische Schützengräben vor Bixschoote nach der Eroberung durch deutsche Truppen ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Farnzösische Verwundete erhalten die erste ärztliche Behandlung in einem Feldlazarett (2)Belgische Vorposten in einem Kornschober ( - ) Aus den Kämpfen bei Ypern (90) Auf den Schlachtfeldern und in den deutschen Waldunterständen vor Ypern (93) [2 Abb.]: (1)Am Ufer des Yser-Kanals zwischen Boesinghe und Lizerne. Links Soldatengräber, rechts französische Unterstände (2)Blick auf das zerstörte Ypern ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Englische Artillerie auf dem Marsch (2)Von deutschen Soldaten hergestelltes Blockhaus in Westflandern ( - ) Der Luftkrieg in Flandern (97) Episoden (100) Gespräche an der englischen Front. (100) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Scheinwerfer-Stellung an der flandrischen Küste (2)Deutsche Marinetruppen mit einem Maschinengewehr in den Dünen Flanderns ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Vor der Wohnung eines deutschen Marineoffiziers an der flandrischen Küste (2)Maschinengewehr mit deutschen Marinesoldaten in den Dünen Flanderns ( - ) Vom Friedhof in Roselare. (101) Die Kämpfe im Abschnitt Lille - Arras (102) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den deutschen Generalstabsmeldungen (102) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutscher Beobachtungs-Fesselballon fertig zum Aufstieg (2)Deutscher Beobachtungs-Fesselballon fertig zum Füllen ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)In einem deutschen Schützengraben, der mit Eisenplatten und Sandsäcken verkleidet ist. Ein Beobachtungsposten am Wallspiegel (2)Englisches Geschütz während des Kampfes in Nordfrankreich ( - ) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über den Verlauf der englischen und der französischen Frontlinie zwischen Armentières und Arras. (Vgl. die Karten S. 125 sowie V, S. 35 und III, S. 75 und 109.) (105) [Abb.]: Ubersicht über das Schlachtfeld am Südhang des Lorettoberges (vgl. die Karten S. 105 und 125). Der Südabhang der Höhe von Notre-Dame-de-Lorette. Im Hintergrund Ablain-St. Nazaire, anschließend das Tal von Souchez mit Givenchy-en-Gohelle. Carency und die Straße von Villers-au-Bois nach Souchez. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Französische Artillerie repariert ihre 75 mm Kanonen hinter der Feuerlinie in Nordfrankreich (2)Ein von den Deutschen gesprengter französischer Schützengraben wird wieder ausgebessert und mit Sandflächen befestigt ( - ) Der erste Teil der Schlacht von La Bassée und Arras (Die Lorettoschlacht) vom 9. bis 21. Mai 1915. Die zusammenfassenden Berichte aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier vom 6. Juli und 21. August 1915. Das Schlachtfeld und die Kämpfe am 9. Mai 1915. (123) [2 Abb.]: (1)Schwerverwundete Engländer in den deutschen Stellungen zwischen La Bassée und Armentières am 9. Mai 1915 (2)Gefallene Engländer vor den deutschen Stellungen zwischen La Bassée und Armentières am 9. Mai 1915 ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein gefallener französischer Vorposten in Nordfrankreich (2)Verladen schwerverwundeter deutscher Soldaten ( - ) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über das südliche Kampfgebiet der Schlacht von La Bassée und Arras (Lorettoschlacht). (Vgl. auch die Karte S. 105). (125) [Abb.]: Ablain-Saint-Nazaire und Carency von dem nach Souchez sich hinziehenden Abhang des Lorettohügels (vgl. die Karten S. 105 und 125) ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Infanteristen tragen Munition in die Schützengräben in Nordfrankreich (2)Aus einem deutschen Schützengraben in Nordfrankreich ( - ) Aus dem ersten Teil der Schlacht von La Bassée und Arras (136) Nach englischen Berichten. (136) [2 Abb.]: (1)In einem deutschen Schützengraben in Nordfrankreich während einer Gefechtspause (2)In einem deutschen Schützengraben in Nordfrankreich während des Kampfes ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Hauptstraße von Ablain-Saint-Nazaire. Aus dem Mauerloch im Hause rechts auf dem Bilde wurde die Straße durch ein deutsches Maschinengewehr bestrichen (2)Schützengraben und Haustrümmer in Carency ( - ) Aus den Kämpfen bei Festubert vom 16. bis 21. Mai 1915 (139) Der zweite Teil der Schlacht von Arras. Von Ende Mai bis etwa 26. Juni 1915. (141) Die französischen Verluste in der Schlacht von Arras (145) Das tote Arras (146) Episoden (148) Wie der Golfweltmeister Wilding starb. (148) Ein Sturm auf der Lorettohöhe. (148) Der letzte Bauer von N. . Aus einem Feldpostbrief der "Kreuzzeitung". (150) Der musikalische Feldwebel (151) Die Kämpfe im Zentrum der Schlachtfront (151) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den deutschen Generalstabsmeldungen (151) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der von Granaten zerstörte Aussichtsturm von Chiry bei Noyon (2)Ein Kreidesteinbruch bei Baulne an der Aisne, der zu Unterständen ausgebaut ist ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Mannschaftsunterstände am Aisnekanal (2)Bombensichere Unterstände der deutschen Feldartillerie bei Hurtebise auf der Hochebene von Craonne ( - ) Aus Ruhe- und Kampftagen in den Schützengräben der Champagne (156) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ruhestellung eines Reserve-Infanterie-Regiments 200 m hinter der Aisne-Front (2)Bombensichere Sandsack-Bereitschaftslager in der Champagne ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf die vom Feinde zerstörte Zuckerfabrik in Cerny a. d. Aisne (2)Deutscher Schützengraben an der Aisnefront ( - ) Die Kämpfe bei Moulin-sous-Touvent vom 6. bis 10. Juni 1915 (161) Die Beschießung von Reims (163) Die Wahrheit über die Beschießung der Kathedrale von Reims (164) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Kathedrale von Reims zum Schutz gegen die Beschießung mit Sandsäcken verkleidet (2)Aus dem zerstörten Reims mit Blick nach der Kathedrale ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Pferdeoperation an der Westfront. Das Pferd befindet sich in Rückenlage zu einer Kehlkopfoperation (2)Kücheneinrichtung in einem deutschen Schützengraben ( - ) Episoden (167) Hurra Oesterreich-Ungarn (167) Ein Ehrentag des Res.-Inf.-Regts. Nr. 29 (168) [Abb.]: Die Parade der siegreichen württembergischen Regimenter vor dem deutschen Kronprinzen in den Argonnen südlich von Lançon am 9. Juli 1915. Hinter dem Kronprinzen Generalfeldmarschall Graf Haeseler. ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Dankgottesdienst der siegreichen württembergischen Regimenter in den Argonnen südlich von Lançon am 9. Juli 1915 (2)Deutsche Soldaten vor einem zerschossenen Hause in Margny (Argonnen) ( - ) Der Waldkrieg in den Argonnen (169) Chronologische Uebersicht nach den deutschen Generalstabsmeldungen (169) Die Argonnenkämpfe vom 20. Juni bis 2. Juli 1915. Zusammenfassende Berichte aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier. (174) Der Bericht vom 29. Juli 1915: (174) [Karte]: Uebersichtsskizze über die französischen Stellungen in den Westargonnen vor den Kämpfen vom 20. Juni bis 2. Juli 1915 (Vgl. auch die Karte III, S. 155) (175) Der Bericht vom 30. Juli 1915: (176) Der Bericht vom 3. August 1915: (177) [Karte]: Uebersichtskarte über die deutschen Argonnen-Stellungen nach den Kämpfen vom 20. Juni bis 2. Juli 1915. (Vgl. auch die Karte Band III, S. 155.) (181) Die Argonnenkämpfe vom 13./14. Juli 1915. Zusammenfassende Berichte aus dem deutschen Großen Hauptquartier. (182) Der Bericht vom 4. August 1915: (182) Der Bericht vom 5. August 1915: (182) [Karte]: Uebersichtsskizze über die französischen Stellungen in den Ost-Argonnen bei den Höhen La Fille morte, 285 und 263 bis zum 13. Juli 1915 (183) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Wirkung einer Granate im Argonnenwald (2)Eine deutsche Patrouille im Gefecht mit französischen Vorposten ( - ) [Abb.]: Wilhelm, Kronprinz des Deutschen Reiches in den Argonnen ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein deutscher Unterstand dicht hinter der Argonnenfront (2)Ein deutsches Munitions-Depot hinter der Argonnenfront ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein deutscher Offiziers-Unterstand hinter der Argonnenfront (2)Deutsche Mannschafts-Unterstände, Erdwohnungen und Baumhütten hinter der Argonnenfront ( - ) Todesrekord und Musterwirtschaft. Die Schwaben in den Argonnen. (189) Episoden (191) Die treuen Sanitätshunde. (191) Vom Minenkrieg. Von der Wirkung der deutschen Artillerie. (192) [Karte]: Übersichtskarte des Deutsch-Russischen Kriegsschauplatzes. ( - ) Einband ( - ) Einband ( - )

ILLUSTRIERTE GESCHICHTE DES WELTKRIEGES 1914/15. NEUNTER BAND. Illustrierte Geschichte des Weltkrieges (-) Illustrierte Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/15. Neunter Band. (Neunter Band) ( - ) Einband ( - ) [Abb.]: Zurück zur Arbeit! ( - ) Titelseite ([I]) Inhaltsverzeichnis. ([III]) Kunstbeilagen. (IV) Karten. (IV) Kriegskalender zur Original-Einbanddecke der Illustrierten Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. Neunter Band enthaltend die Ereignisse vom 1. Juli 1918 bis 28. Juni 1919. ( - ) Juli. ( - ) August. ( - ) September. ( - ) Oktober. ( - ) November. Dezember. Januar 1919. ( - ) Februar. März. April. Mai. Juni. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 201 (Heft 201) ([1]) [Abb.]: Deutsche Truppen durchschreiten im Vorgehen die eigenen Artillerielinien. ([1]) [Abb.]: Gefangener englischer Beobachtungsoffizier mit Tarnkappenmaske. (2) [Abb.]: Chateau-Thierry, von einem deutschen Flieger einen Tag vor der Besetzung durch die Deutschen aufgenommen. Man sieht, daß das Städtchen vollkommen unzerstört ist. (3) [Abb.]: Türkische Kavallerie bei der Verfolgung der auf dem östlichen Jordanufer geschlagenen Engländer. (4 - 5) [Abb.]: Prinz Wahid Eddin Efendi, jüngerer Bruder des verstorbenen türkischen Sultans Mohammed V., erhielt als dessen Nachfolger den Namen Mohammed VI. (6) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (6) Das deutsch-österreichisch-ungarische Wirtschaftsbündnis. (6) [5 Abb.]: (1)Kampfflieger Oberleutn. Göhring, Ritter des Ordens Pour le Mérite. (2)Leutnant Veltjens, erfolgreicher deutscher Kampfflieger. (3)Leutnant Jacobs, erfolgreicher deutscher Kampfflieger. (4)Kampfflieger Leutnant Pütter, Ritter des Ordens Pour le Mérite. (5)Der Marktplatz von Brügge, von einem deutschen Flugzeuge aus aufgenommen. Anläßlich des Markttages ist auf dem Platz ein reger Verkehr bemerkbar. (7) [Abb.]: Ein italienischer Flieger wird von einem eroberten italienischen Abwehrturm aus mittels eines österreichisch-ungarischen Maschinengewehrs beschossen. (8) Die deutschen Luftstreitkräfte in der Aisne-Schlacht. (8) [Abb.]: Nächtlicher französischer Angriff auf deutsche Stellungen. ( - ) [Abb.]: Die Schwierigkeiten des österreichisch-ungarischen Vormarsches im Piavedelta. Geschütztransport durch eine überschwemmte Ortschaft. Im Vordergrunde italienische Gefangene. ([9]) [Abb.]: Deutsche Luftschifferabteilung im Vormarsch auf Ham. (10) [3 Abb.]: Bei einer deutschen Feldluftschifferabteilung. (1)Oberes Bild: Landung des Ballonbeobachters nach dem Absprung mit dem Fallschirm. Die Fallschirmleinen haben sich in einem Baum verfangen. (2)Mittleres Bild: Maschinengewehr zur Abwehr feindlicher Flieger bei einem verankerten Fesselballon. (3)Unteres Bild: Der Beobachter fertig zum Aufstieg im Korbe. Er hat über dem Kopf an Bügeln die Telephonhörer, um den Leib den Gurt für den Fallschirmabsprung, rechts außen am Korbe ist der Fallschirm sichtbar, links das Kartenbrett. (11) Fliegerfunker. (11) [Abb.]: Deutsche Feldfunkerstation. ([12- 13]) [Abb.]: Englische Lügen. Deutsche Fliegeraufnahme des umfangreichen englischen Truppenlagers von Etaples vom 21. Mai 1918, zwei Tage nach einem Angriff deutscher Bombengeschwader. (14) Englische Lügen. (15) [Abb.]: Englische Lügen. Deutsche Fliegeraufnahme desselben Lagers vom 27. Mai 1918, nachdem es inzwischen Rote-Kreuz-Abzeichen erhalten hat. (15) K. u. k. Hundespitäler. (16) [3 Abb.]: (1)Oberes Bild: Ankunft eines Hundekrankentransports. (2)Mittleres Bild: In einem österreichisch-ungarischen Kriegshundespital in Pflege befindlicher Hund mit umgehängtem Lederkragen zur Verhinderung des Kratzens und Leckens der Wunde. (3)Unteres Bild: Aufnahmebehandlung nach der Ankunft in einem österreichisch-ungarischen Kriegshundespital. (16) [Abb.]: Deutscher Sturmwagen säubert eine französische Ortschaft. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 202 (Heft 202) ([17]) [Abb.]: Aus den Verfolgungskämpfen an der Aisne. ([17]) [Abb.]: Von den Deutschen erbeutete Batterie von 28-cm-Mörsern bei dem Dorfe Mareuil. (18) [Abb.]: Straße im zerstörten Lassigny zwischen Montdidier und Noyon. (19) [Abb.]: Rückzug der Franzosen über den Ricquebourgrücken im deutschen Feuer. ([20 - 21]) [Abb.]: Italienische Kulturtaten im eigenen Lande: Von den Italienern zerstörtes Schloß in Sonegliano. (22) [Abb.]: Der Piavefluß - ein reißender Strom. (23) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (23) Die Tschechoslowaken in Rußland. (23) [Abb.]: Der Piavefluß - ein seichtes Gewässer. (23) [3 Abb.]: (1)Österreichisch-ungarische Küstenbatterie an der Adria. (2)Gepanzertes österreichisch-ungarisches Küstengeschütz an der Adria.(3)Österreichisch-ungarische Wacht an der Adria. (24) [Abb.]: Die Plünderung des Palazzo Cassarelli, des deutschen Botschafterpalastes in Rom, durch den aufgehetzten römischen Pöbel, der nach Sprengung des großen Gartentores unter den Augen der Polizei in das Gebäude eindrang und in den prunkvollen Gemächern, besonders dem mit den Bildern von Hermann Prell geschmückten Festsaal, grauenvolle Verwüstungen anrichtete. ( - ) [Abb.]: Das Brentatal bei Carpane-Valstagna unter dem schweren Geschützfeuer der österreichisch-ungarischen Batterien. (25) [Karte]: Kartenskizze zu der Tätigkeit der Tschechoslowaken an der sibirischen Bahn und zu der Besetzung der Murmanküste durch die Engländer. (26) [2 Abb.]: (1)Russische Revolutionsfahne, deren Vorderseite Kerenski zeigt, wie er die Zarenkrone zertrümmert. (2)Der frühere Zar Nikolaus II. als Gefangener in Zarskoje-Selo vor seiner Überführung nach Tobolsk. (27) Die Schlacht zwischen Soissons und Reims. (27) [Abb.]: Der von russischen Sozialrevolutionären in Moskau ermordete deutsche Gesandte Graf v. Mirbach-Harff. (28) [Abb.]: Unterdrückung der Moskauer Verschwörung Anfang Juli 1918. ([29]) Wer strebt nach der Weltherrschaft? (30) [8 Abb.]: Deutsche Ernte im Feindesland. (1)An der Dreschmaschine. (2)Füllen der Säcke mit ausgedroschenem Getreide. (3)Mähen des Hafers mittels Selbstbinders. (4)Aufladen der Garben. (5)Einbringen des ausgedroschenen Getreides. (6)Französische Zivilarbeiter werden zur Arbeit geführt. (7)Anfertigen von Harken. (8)Reparaturwerkstätte für landwirtschaftliche Maschinen. ([31]) Ein deutscher Motorminensucher. (32) [Abb.]: ein Minenräumer, wie er nach der Ansicht der Engländer bei der deutschen Flotte im Gebrauch ist. (32) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 203 (Heft 203) ([33]) [3 Abb.]: (1)Konteradmiral Paul v. Hintze, der neue deutsche Staatssekretär des Äußeren. (2)Alexander Malinow, der neue bulgarische Ministerpräsident und Minister des Äußeren. (3)Erfrischungspause während einer Sitzung des Versailler Kriegsrates. ([33]) [Abb.]: Belgischer Grabenposten mit einem Visierhelm. (34) [Abb.]: Feldlager bei Hannonville. (35) [Abb.]: Deutscher Blinkerposten. (36) [Abb.]: Gefechtstand eines Infanterieregiments. ([37]) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (38) Gegen Compiègne. (38) [2 Abb.]: (1)Sanitätsabteilung eines bayrischen Alpenregiments auf dem Wege zur mazedonischen Front. (2)Straßenleben in Veles am Wardar. (39) [3 Abb.]: (1)Österreichisch-ungarischer Kampfflieger k.u.k. Oberleutnant Linke-Crawford. (2)Leutnant z.S.d.Res. Theodor Osterkamp. (3)Kampfflieger Hauptmann Schleich (vorn) mit den Fliegern der von ihm geführten Jagdfliegerformation. (40) [Abb.]: Erfolgreicher Angriff deutscher Seeflugzeuge auf ein englisches U-Boot vor der Themsemündung am 6. Juli 1918. ([41]) Die Schiffahrt auf dem Schwarzen Meer und seinen Zuflüssen. (42) [Abb.]: Internationale nautisch-technische Kommission für das Schwarze Meer in Sebastopol. (42) [2 Abb.]: (1)Generalmajor Vogel, der Kommandant der deutschen Truppen in Odessa, auf der Mole des Hafens. (2)Der Hafen von Sebastopol mit russischen Kriegschiffen. (43) Essenfassen auf dem Kirchplatz von Grandpré. (43) [Abb.]: Essenfassen auf dem Kirchplatz in Grandpré in den Argonnen. ([44 - 45]) [Abb.]: Gefechtsübung einer Landwehr-Maschinengewehrkompanie der schweizerischen Armee. (46) Die schweizerische Armee. (47) [2 Abb.]: (1)Übungsmarsch einer Landwehr-Maschinengewehrkompanie der schweizerischen Armee über die Kleine Scheidegg. (2)Übungsmarsch einer Landwehr-Maschinengewehrkompanie der schweizerischen Armee über die Kleine Scheidegg. (47) [Abb.]: Die neuen endgültigen Grad- und Waffengattungsabzeichen der schweizerischen Armee. (48) [Abb.]: Übergang des Vortrupps der Armee des Generalobersten v. Boehn über die Marne am Morgen des 16. Juli 1918. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 204 (Heft 204) ([49]) [Abb.]: Vordringen von Maschinengewehren durch die Sperrzone. ([49]) [Abb.]: Bei Thierry erbeutetes französisches 28,5-cm-Eisenbahngeschütz. (50) [3 Abb.]: Zu den siegreichen deutschen Kämpfen in der Champagne. (1)Deutsche Minenwerfer gehen zur Eroberung des Keilberges im feindlichen Feuer in Stellung. (2)Deutscher Minenwerfer wird in Stellung gebracht, um einen feindlichen Stützpunkt niederzukämpfen. (3)Deutscher Minenwerfer beim Sturmreifschießen eines feindlichen Stützpunktes am Keil- und Poehlberg. (51) [Abb.]: Feuerüberfall auf Reims. ([52 - 53]) [Abb.]: Die wirtschaftliche Aushilfe aus Rumänien: Kerzengießmaschinen in einer unter Militärverwaltung stehenden rumänischen Seifen- und Kerzenfabrik. (54) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die wirtschaftliche Aushilfe aus Rumänien: Füll- und Packraum in einer unter Militärverwaltung stehenden Seifen- und Kerzenfabrik. (2)Die wirtschaftliche Aushilfe aus Rumänien: Eiertrocknungsanlage in einer unter Militärverwaltung stehenden rumänischen Nährmittelfabrik. (55) [Abb.]: Korvettenkapitän v. Nostiz und Jänckendorf, erfolgriecher deutscher U-Kreuzer-Kommandant. (56) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (56) Deutsche Kriegswirtschaft in Rumänien. (56) [Abb.]: Versenkung des durch eine große Zahl von Torpedo- und Patrouillenbooten gesicherten englischen Hilfskreuzers "Justicia" der White-Star-Linie an der Nordküste von Irland. ([57]) [Abb.]: Grusinischer General bei Verhandlungen auf einer kleinen Bahnstation bei Tiflis im Kaukasus. (58) [3 Abb.]: Deutsche Truppen bei Tiflis im Kaukasus. (1)Deutsche Kriegsgepäckkolonnen beim Vormarsch im Kaukasus. (2)Verhör gefangener tatarische Bandenführer durch deutsche Offiziere vermittels Dolmetschern. (3)Tatarischer Parlamentär mit weißer Fahne. An der Seite vorgehende deutsche Infanterie. (59) [Abb.]: Bürgerkrieg in Rußland: Aufrührerische Bauern werden bei der Plünderung eines reichen Gutshofes östlich von Moskau von einer anderen russischen Abteilung überfallen. (60 - 61) Der Kriegsphotograph. (62) [Abb.]: Amerikanische Kriegsphotographen an der englischen Front mit eigenartigen Stahlhelmen zum Schutz gegen Bombensplitter. (62) [3 Abb.]: (1)Oberes Bild: Deutscher Kriegsphotograph mit einem Kinematographenapparat beim Aufnehmen einer Fliegerabteilung im Gebirge. (2)Mittleres Bild: Einrichten des Kinematographenapparates zur Aufnahme eines Flugplatzes. (3)Unteres Bild: Deutscher Kriegsphotograph mit Gasmaske und Stahlhelm bei einem Maschinengewehrposten in der vorderen Stellung. (63) Der Gefangenenaustausch zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich. (64) [Abb.]: Begrüßung der ersten auf Grund des Austauschabkommens zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich heimgekehrten deutschen Mannschaften durch den Großherzog von Baden am 20. Juli 1918 in Konstanz. (64) [Abb.]: Vorbrechende feindliche Sturmwagengeschwader werden von der deutschen Artillerie gefaßt, während deutsche Schlachtflieger die unter dem Schutze der Wagen mit Sturmfahnen vorgehende feindliche Infanterie aus niedriger Höhe unter Maschinengewehrfeuer nehmen. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 205 (Heft 205) ([65]) [Abb.]: Von der deutschen Artillerie zerschossener französischer Beobachtungstand am Hochberg in der Champagne. ([65]) [Abb.]: Deutsche Kolonnen auf dem Marktplatz in Nesle zwischen St. Quentin und Montdidier. (66) [Abb.]: Ein deutscher Zeltverbandplatz im Westen. (67) [Abb.]: Deutsche Truppen säubern das Waldgelände westlich von Vrigny vom Feinde. (68 - 69) [3 Abb.]: "Erfolge" feindlicher Fliegerangriffe auf militärisch bedeutungslose Ziele in Westdeutschland. (1)Oberes Bild: Feindlicher Fliegerangriff auf Mannheim: Zerstörtes Wohnhaus. (2)Mittleres Bild: Feindlicher Fliegerangriff auf Kaiserslautern: Der Hof eines schwer beschädigten Arbeiterwohnhauses. (3)Unteres Bild: Feindlicher Fliegerangriff auf Ludwigshafen: Zertrümmertes Wohnhaus. (70) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (70) Die Pioniere der Hochseeflotte. (70) [2 Abb.]: "Erfolge" feindlicher Fliegerangriffe auf militärisch bedeutungslose Ziele in Westdeutschland. (1)Feindlicher Fliegerangriff auf Trier: Blick in einen Raum des zerstörten Provinzialmuseums mit vernichteten wertvollen Sammlungsgegenständen. (2)Feindlicher Fliegerangriff auf Trier: Hof und Gebäude des zerstörten Provinzialmuseums. (71) [Abb.]: Zugang zum Artilleriebeobachter und zu den Unterkünften einer österreichisch-ungarischen Gebirgstellung im Adamellogebiet in einer Höhe von 3200 Metern. (72) [Abb.]: Ein gefährlicher Auftrag. Ein Unteroffizier der Kaiserschützen vernichtet eine italienische Feldwache. ([73]) Die Fragen der Übergangswirtschaft. (74) [4 Abb.]: (1)Generalleutnant Loeb, Ritter des Ordens Pour le Mérite. (2)Flugzeugbeobachter Leutnant d. Res. Nielebock, Ritter des Ordens Pour le Mérite. (3)Kampfflieger Leutnant Bolle, Führer der Jagdstaffel Bölcke. (4)Großadmiral v. Holtzendorff, trat von seinem Amt als Chef des Admiralstabes zurück. (74) [Abb.]: Im Hafen von Cattaro. (75) Ein Luftangriff auf Paris. (76) [Abb.]: Der osmanische Prinz Osman Fuad, der nach Vollendung seiner militärischen Ausbildung in Deutschland in Tripolis landete. (76) [Karte]: General v. Lettow-Vorbecks Kriegszug durch Mozambique. (77) [Abb.]: Deutsche Feldgraue als Gäste eines Arabermucktars (Dorfschulzen) bei einer feierlichen Mahlzeit. (77) In einer Armeekonservenfabrik. (78) [3 Abb.]: In einer deutschen Armeekonservenfabrik. (1)Im Entbeinungsraum: Die Rinder werden zerteilt und das Fleisch wird von den Knochen gelöst. (2)Konservierung von Rinderzungen. (3)Im Büchsenstopfraum: Füllen der Konservenbüchsen mit Fleischstücken. (78) [3 Abb.]: In einer deutschen Armeekonservenfabrik. (1)Gemüsemischraum. Herstellung von Bohnen-, Linsen- und Erbsmehlgemüse. Im Vordergrunde Kessel mit flüssigem Fett, das dem Gemüsemehl beigemengt wird. (2)Gemüsemehl wird auf Blechen ausgebreitet und zum Kühlraum geschafft. (3)An der Maschine zur Herstellung von Gemüsemehlwürfeln: Das Gemüsemehl wird in die Maschine geschüttet und kommt als Würfel wieder heraus. (79) Gefecht zwischen österreichisch-ungarischen und italienischen Torpedoeinheiten in der Nordadria am 2. Juli 1918. (80) [Abb.]: Nachtgefecht in der Nordadria zwischen österreichisch-ungarischen und italienischen Torpedoeinheiten. (80) Was kostet ein Kanonenschuß? (80) [Abb.]: Deutsche Haubitzkolonne in Staub und Nebel in Stellung gehend. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 206 (Heft 206) ([81]) [Abb.]: Deutsche Pioniere in Fontenoy. ([81]) [Karte]: Statistische Darstellung der Bombenabwürfe deutscher Bombenflugzeuggeschwader im Westen in der Woche vom Sonntag, dem 14. Juli, bis zum Sonnabend, dem 20. Juli 1918, in welcher Zeit über 250 000 Kilogramm Sprengstoff auf kriegswichtige Plätze abgeworfen wurden. (82) [2 Abb.]: (1)Das Ehrenzeichen für Heimatverdienst, das vom Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha gestiftet wurde. (2)Kleine französische Sturmwagen, die, in Formationen zusammengefaßt, in der Schlacht zwischen Aisne und Marne in großer Menge verwendet wurden. (83) [Abb.]: Völkerrechtswidrige Beschießung eines deutschen Lazaretts im Westen. ([84 - 85]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Zur Bluttat in Kiew. Eine der letzten Aufnahmen des Generalfeldmarschalls v. Eichhorn und seines persönlichen Adjutanten Hauptmann v. Dreßler. (2)Generaloberst Graf Günther v. Kirchbach, wurde an Stelle des Generalfeldmarschalls v. Eichhorn Oberbefehlshaber der deutschen Truppen in der Ukraine. (86) [3 Abb.]: (1)Blick vom Gleise der transsibirischen Eisenbahn auf ein Dorf bei Irkutsk. (2)Eine Strecke der transsibirischen Eisenbahn im Uralgebirge. (3)Japanisches Infanterieregiment auf dem Marsch. (87) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (87) Madame Bunk. Eine Begegnung. (87) [Abb.]: Erstürmung eines englischen Maschinengewehrnestes. (88) [Abb.]: Angriff eines deutschen Jagd- und Schlachtfliegergeschwaders auf eine französische Kavallerieabteilung. ([89]) Die Seidenspinnerei im besetzten Gebiete Veneziens unter österreichisch-ungarischer Militärverwaltung. (90) [Abb.]: Ofen zur Abtötung der Puppen in den Kokons mittels heißer Luft. (90) [4 Abb.]: Venezianische Seidenspinnerei in österreichisch-ungarischem Militärbetrieb. (1)Ausscheiden der vollkommenen Kokons von den fehlerhaften. (2)In der Spinnerei. (3)Zusammenwinden und Eindrehen der losen Seidensträhne, wie sie vom Haspel abgenommen werden, zu versandfähigen Bündeln. Vorne Fächer für die Seidenproben zur Bestimmung der Dicke der Rohseide, die eine jede Arbeiterin täglich gewinnt. (4)Verpackung der Rohseide für den Versand. (91) Granaten auf Bassano! (92 - 93) [Abb.]: Beschießung der Stadt Bassano am Ausgange des Brentatales in der venezianischen Ebene. (92 - 93) Auf dem Kriegspfad in der Luft. (94) [Abb.]: Rumpf eines abgeschossenen feindlichen Flugzeuges, das mit einem großen Auge als Geschwaderabzeichen bemalt ist. (94) [3 Abb.]: (1)Eigenartiges Geschwaderabzeichen eines abgeschossenen feindlichen Flugzeuges. Im Hintergrund ein deutsches Flugzeug mit dem deutschen Hoheitsabzeichen des Eisernen Kreuzes in seiner neuen Form. (2)Der bayrische Löwe, den gallischen Hahn jagend, als Abzeichen eines zu einer bayrischen Schutzstaffel gehörenden Flugzeuges. (3)"Pik-Aß" als Abzeichen eines abgeschossenen feindlichen Flugzeuges. (95) Minenwerfer in der Durchbruchschlacht. (95) Die englischen Dum-Dum-Geschosse. (96) [2 Abb]: (1)(2) Englische Dum-Dum-Geschosse. (96) "Die deutschen Schandtaten im Luftkrieg." (96) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 207 (Heft 207) ([97]) [Abb.]: Übergang einer deutschen Sturmabteilung über die Somme. Ein englisches Maschinengewehrnest wird gestürmt. ([97]) [Abb.]: Ein amerikanisches Bombenflugzeuggeschwader fliegt gegen die deutschen Stellungen in Frankreich. (98) [2 Abb.]: (1)Erbeutete englische und französische Sturmwagen auf einer der Zufahrtstraßen zwischen Amiens und Montdidier. (2)Der Marktplatz mit den zerstörten Häusern des zerschossenen Ortes Château-Thierry am Nordufer der Marne. (99) [2 Abb.]: (1)Von österreichisch-ungarischen Truppen gesprengtes italienisches Panzerwerk Beano in Venetien. (2)Geschützstand des von österreichisch-ungarischen Truppen eroberten italienischen Werkes Sedegliano in Venetien. (100) [Abb.]: Österreichisch-ungarische Artilleriebeobachter am Piavedelta. (101) [Karte]: Karte zum österreichisch-ungarischen Vormarsch in Albanien. (102) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (102) Die Muches. (102) [Abb.]: Das Westtor von Cattaro mit der alten Zugbrücke. (103) [Abb.]: Gebirgslandschaft in Nordmazedonien. (104) [Abb.]: Von der Jordanfront in Palästina: Die Trümmer der im Audschatal vernichteten englischen Kavalleriebrigaden. ( - ) [Abb.]: Österreichisch-ungarische Bataillone nehmen, unterstützt durch Gebirgsartillerie, im Sturm die Höhen am oberen Devoli. ([105]) Flammenwerfer vor! (106) [Abb.]: Von den Kämpfen an der Westfront: Das Reservelager eines deutschen Jägerregiments in den Riesenhöhlen nördlich der Maß. (106) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Flammenwerfer bei der Arbeit. (2)Deutsche Flammenwerfer werden durch die zerstörten Drahthindernisse vorgebracht. (107) Schwimmende Lazarette. (107) [Abb.]: Ausräucherung einer von den Franzosen besetzten Höhle im Mont Lenilly durch deutsche Flammenwerfer. Oben das im Jahre 1914 zerstörte Gut Lenilly. ([108 - 109]) Kriegstädtebilder. 1. St. Quentin. (110) [6 Abb.]: Schwimmende Lazarette. (1)Das Hospitalschiff des Norddeutschen Lloyd "Sierra Ventana", in 8500-Tonnen-Schiff. (2)Ein Krankenzimmer an Bord des Hospitalschiffes "Sierra Ventana" mit mehreren Betten. (3)Rettungsapparat an Bord eines Lazarettschiffes des Norddeutschen Lloyd. (4)Beförderung von Verwundeten auf ein Lazarettschiff des Norddeutchen Lloyd. (5)Die Apotheke auf einem Lazarettschiff des Norddeutschen Lloyd. (6)Der Verbandraum auf dem Hospitalschiff "Sierra Ventana". ([111]) [Abb.]: Hindenburg (X) und Ludendorff (XX) auf dem historischen Marktplatz in Brüssel. (112) [Abb.]: Englischer Transportdampfer wird trotz starker Sicherung im Kanal von deutschen U-Booten angegriffen. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 208 (Heft 208) ([113]) [Abb.]: Zerstörte Ölmühle im Avretal. ([113]) [Karte]: Stand der Schlacht im Westen zwischen Arras und Reims am 15. August 1918. Das zwischen Marne und Aisne und zwischen Ancre und Oise von den Deutschen aufgegebene Gebiet. (114) [Abb.]: Hinter den deutschen Linien zusammengeschossener kleiner französischer Sturmwagen. (114) [Abb.]: Das heiß umstrittene Schloß Tilloloy, ein ehemaliger Herzogsitz, zuletzt angeblich im Besitz des französischen Ministerpräsidenten Clemenceau. (115) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (116 - 117) "Hier Maulwurf - -" (116 - 117) [Abb.]: Zur Strecke gebracht! (116 - 117) [Abb.]: Ein Kampffeld bei Chaulnes. (118) [2 Abb.]: (1)Durch deutschen Fliegerangriff zerstörtes feindliches Munitionslager bei Ornes. (2)Durch eine schwere deutsche Fliegerbombe verursachter Riesentrichter in einer eroberten französischen Ortschaft. (119) Die Wohnungsfrage nach dem Kriege. (119) [3 Abb.]: (1)Kapitänleutnant v. Schrader. (2)Leutnant z.S. Freudenberg. (3)Deutsche Linienschiffe und Torpedoboote auf der Fahrt. (120) [Abb.]: Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte im Kampfe mit englischen Flotteneinheiten vor der Deutschen Bucht am 11. August 1918. Volltreffer auf einem englischen Schnellboot. ([121]) [Abb.]: Blick auf Wladiwostok. (122) Der Kampf um die Grappahöhen. (122) [7 Abb.]: Typen der chinesischen Armee, die von den Engländern als künftige Verbündete angesehen wird. (1)Artillerie der Südarmee. (2)Zeltaufschlagen. (3)Hornisten der Nordarmee. (4)Die Verpflegungsabteilung der chinesischen Nordarmee. (5)Transport von leichten Geschützen. (6)Artillerie auf dem Marsche. (7)Feuernde Batterie. ([123]) [Abb.]: Die Eroberung einer Höhe im Grappa-Gebiet durch die k.u.k. Truppen des 1. Korps am 15. Juni 1918. ([124 - 125]) Die Bedeutung Ägyptens. (126) [Abb.]: Enthüllung eines Denkmals für gefallene deutsche Flieger an der Palästinafront. Hauptmann Schaumburg hält die Weiherede. (126) [2 Abb.]: (1)Englische Kavalleriepatrouille an der Grenze von Südpalästina, nach Wasser grabend. (2)Kamelgespann einer englischen Feld-Telegraphen- und Fernsprechabteilung in der Wüste von Südpalästina. (127) Englische Fliegerabwehrkanone. (128) [Abb.]: Eine englische Fliegerabwehrkanone mit Offizier und Bedienungsmann. (128) [Abb.]: Der Deutsche Kaiser auf einem Gefechtstande bei der Trigny-Mühle vor Reims. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 209 (Heft 209) ([129]) [Abb.]: Deutsche Sturmtruppen überschreiten während des feindlichen Sperrfeuers im Morgengrauen die Ailette. ([129]) [Abb.]: Deutsche Brücke über die Aisne. (130) [2 Abb.]: (1)Von den Deutschen gebaute Kanalbrücke bei St. Mard. (2)Blick in das Aisnetal. Im Hintergrunde der Chemin des Dames. (131) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutscher Sturmtrupp grieft unter dem Schutze des durch Nebelbomben hervorgewrufenen Rauches eine sturmreif geschossene Ortschaft zwischen Aisne und Marne an. (2)Französische Überläufer in den Kämpfen zwischen Aisne und Marne. (132) [Abb.]: Deutsche Grabenbesatzung bei der Abwehr englischer Sturmwagen. ([133]) [3 Abb.]: (1)St. Mard; im Hintergrund der Chemin des Dames. (2)Rechts St. Mard, links Le Rhu, im Hintergrund der Chemin des Dames. (3)Blick auf den Marktplatz von Roye. (134) [Abb.]: Anmarsch deutscher Reserven zum Kemmel. (135) [Abb.]: Der Tonale-Paß, der Schauplatz der für die österreichisch-ungarischen Truppen erfolgreichen Kämpfe. (136) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (136) Aussetzen eines Wasserflugzeuges. (136) [Abb.]: Bau einer Alpenstraße an der italienischen Front durch österreichisch-ungarische Soldaten. (136) [Abb.]: Österreichisch-ungarische Tragtierkolonne in den Bergen an der Südwestfront. (137) Wüstenmarsch. (138) [3 Abb.]: Bei einer deutschen Seefliegerabteilung. (1)Oberes Bild: Maschinenanlage zum Aussetzen der Flugzeuge an Bord eines Flugzeugmutterschiffes. (2)Mittleres Bild: Aussetzen eines Wasserflugzeuges von einem Flugzeugmutterschiff. Rechts die an Bord des Schiffes befindliche Flugzeughalle. (3)Unteres Bild: Loslösen eines von einem Flugzeugmutterschiff ausgesetzten Wasserflugzeuges. Im Hintergrunde ein deutsches U-Boot. (139) Der Weltkrieg und die Zukunft des Kaukasus. (139) [Abb.]: Schlachtviehankauf in der Wüste. Es werden immer zwei bis drei Hämmel zusammen an der Wiegevorrichtung, die in einer Hebelwage mit Schiebegewicht besteht, lebend abgewogen. ([140 - 141]) [Abb.]: Hauptmann v. Egon Krieger, der Chef der deutschen Militärmission in Tiflis. (142) [8 Abb.]: Bilder aus Tiflis im Kaukasus. (1)Die engste Stelle der Kura mit den auf den Felsen errichteten Gebäuden. (2)Blick von den umliegenden Höhen auf die Stadt. (3)Ein Markttag in Tiflis. (4)Straßenverkäufer. (5)Ladenmagazine im neuen russischen Viertel. (6)Volkstypen auf einer Bahnstation bei Tiflis. (7)Straßenbild. (8)Tuchhändler. ([143]) [Abb.]: Die Kartoffelerzeugung der Welt. (144) [Abb.]: Straßenkampf mit Engländern in Cormicy. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 210 (Heft 210) ([145]) [Abb.]: Stimmungsbild aus einer Vogesenortschaft: Deutsche Munitionskolonne in einer Kleinstadt. ([145]) [Abb.]: Deutscher Verwundeter erhält nach erfolgreichem Kampf den ersten Verband. (146) [Abb.]: Deutsche Fliegeraufnahmen von der Vogesenfront. Im Vordergrund die deutschen, auf den gegenüberliegenden Anhöhen (unterhalb des Waldes) die französischen Stellungen. (147) [Abb.]: Deutsche Feuerstellung. ([148 - 149]) [Karte]: Karte zu den englischen Offensive zwischen Arras und Chaulnes. (150) [Abb.]: Erstürmung der Ruinen eines zerstörten französischen Dorfes durch deutsche Sturmabteilungen. (151) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (152) Die Nacht des Schreckens. Ein Kriegsbild aus Italien. (152) [2 Abb.]: (1)Blick auf Berat. (2)Straßenbild aus dem wiedereroberten Berat. (152) [Abb.]: K.u.k. Sturmtruppen und Maschinengewehrabteilungen dringen in Fieri ein. ([153]) [Abb.]: Dr. Solf, der deutsche Staatssekretär des Kolonialamtes. (154) Fliegerangriff auf Otranto. (154) [5 Abb.]: (1)Kirche in Kola im Murmangebiet. (2)Ansicht von Tomsk. (3)Fahne der Russischen Sozialistischen Föderativen Sowjetrepublik. (Goldene Schrift auf rotem Tuch.) (4)Renntierschlitten im Murmangebiet. (5)Posthaus in Kola. (155) [3 Abb.]: (1)Kampfflieger k.u.k. Leutnant Otto Stella, starb auf dem italienischen Kriegschauplatz den Heldentod. (2)K.u.k. Oberleutnant v. Fiala, einer der erfolgreichsten österreichisch-ungarischen Kampfflieger. (3)Österreichisch-ungarischer Kampfflieger mit seinem Flugzeuge in der Flughalle. (156) Unterrichtsoffiziere. (156) Angriff österreichisch-ungarischer Seeflugzeuge auf die englischen Flughallen bei Otranto im südlichen Italien in der Nacht zum 25. Juli 1918. ([157]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eingang zum deutschen Soldatenheim in Namur. (2)Im deutschen Soldatenheim in Namur. (158) Takt und Taktlosigkeiten in der Kriegszeit. (158) [2 Abb.]: (1)Andacht im deutschen Soldatenheim in Brüssel. (2)Im deutschen Soldatenheim in Beverloo. (159) Ein grausamer Lagerkommandant. (159) Doppelkolbengewehr. (160) [Abb.]: Französisches Doppelkolbengewehr, das ein genaues Zielen aus guter Deckung ermöglicht. (160) Die Besetzungsmarken der Mittelmächte in Rumänien. (160) [Abb.]: Ein Offizier und vier Mann bedienen bis zum letzten Augenblick das einzige noch brauchbare Geschütz einer Feldbatterie, die einem nordöstlich von Courcelles gegen große englische Übermacht kämpfenden sächsischen Infanteriebataillon zugeteilt ist. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 211 (Heft 211) ([161]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein englisches Bomben-Flugzeug neuester Bauart, das nordwestlich von Metz durch deutsches Maschinengewehrfeuer zum Landen gezwungen wurde. Die Flügelspannung beträgt 30 Meter; es ist mit fünf Maschinengewehren ausgerüstet und hat eine Besatzung von sechs Mann. (2)Amerikanische Abteilung in der Gefahrzone auf dem Wege zur Stellung. ([161]) [Karte]: Skizze der Westfront Anfang September 1918. (162) [2 Abb.]: (1)Räumung des im August 1918 von den Deutschen freiwillig aufgegebenen Geländes im Westen: Rückkehr eines Feldlazaretts. (2)Räumung des im August 1918 von den Deutschen freiwillig aufgegebenen Geländes im Westen: Abfahren der Preßstrohlager. (163) [Abb.]: Deutsche Begleitbatterie geht mit Infanterie vor. (164 - 165) [Abb.]: Ein Lager englischer Fliegerbomben. (166) [3 Abb.]: "Militärische" Erfolge feindlicher Bombenangriffe auf das deutsche Heimatgebiet. (1)Oberes Bild: Bombentreffer in einem Wohnhaus in Darmstadt. (2)Mittleres Bild: Zerstörtes Haus in Ludwigshafen. (3)Unteres Bild: Durch Bombenwurf verwüstete Wohnung in einem Hause in Frankfurt a.M. (167) [Abb.]: Mittagsruhe bei einer deutschen Batterie am Rossignalhügel Ploegsteert südlich von Ypern. (168) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (168) Im Raume der drei "M" (Meteren-Merris-Merville). (168) [Abb.]: Nach abgeschlagenem Angriff werden feindliche Truppen durch deutschen Gegenangriff zurückgeworfen. ([169]) [Abb.]: Anlegen des Fliegerfallschirmgürtels. Der Fallschirm selbst liegt auf dem Flugzeug hinter dem Sitz. (170) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Rue St. Jacques in Douai. (2)Blick auf Douai mit dem Rathaus. (171) Der Fliegerfallschirm. (171) Kriegstädtebilder. 2. Douai. (172 - 173) [Abb.]: Munitionsübernahme an Bord eines deutschen Tauchbootes. (172 - 173) Munitionsübernahme an Bord eines deutschen Tauchbootes. (174) An den Gestaden der Krim. (174) [Abb.]: Markt der Tataren in Jalta in der Krim. (174) [3 Abb.]: (1)Die Hauptstraße am Meer in Jalta in der Krim. (2)Auf der Strandpromenade von Jalta an der Krim. (3)An der Meeresbucht von Balaklawa in der Krim. (175) [2 Abb.]: (1)Kaiser Wilhelm im Gespräch mit dem zum Besuch bei ihm weilenden Hetman der Ukraine, General Skoropadski. (2)Der Warenaustausch Österreich-Ungarns mit der Ukraine: Löschen eines Handelsdampfers im Hafen von Odessa. (176) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 212 (Heft 212) ([177]) [4 Abb.]: (1)Deutscher Kampfflieger Leutnant Fritz Rumey, Ritter des Ordens Pour le Mérite, im bürgerlichen Beruf Dachdecker. Erfolgreiche deutsche Flieger. (2)Links: Jagdflieger Leutnant Neckel. (3)Rechts: Jagdflieger Leutnant Klimke. (4)In der Mitte: Schlachtflieger Vizefeldwebel Ehmann (am Maschinengewehr) mit seinem Flugzeugführer. ([177]) [Abb.]: Auf den Schlachtfeldern im Westen: Französische, in lockerer Linie vorgehende Infanterie gräbt sich auf offenem Sumpfgelände ein. (178) [3 Abb.]: Räumung des von den Deutschen freiwillig aufgegebenen Geländes im Westen. (1)Erbeutete englische Straßenwalze auf dem Rückzug. (2)Deutsche Kolonnen überschreiten den Bahnübergang bei Gouzeaucourt. (3)Räumung des Priviantamtes in Fins. (179) [Abb.]: Österreichisch-ungarische Truppen bei St. Mihiel (an der Combreshöhe). ([180 - 181]) [Karte]: Skizze des alban. u. macedon. Kriegsschauplatzes. (182) [2 Abb.]: (1)Österreichisch-ungarische Streifenpatrouille und albanische Freiwillige während einer Rast in Albanien. (2)Deutscher, österreichisch-ungarischer und bulgarischer Posten am Bahnhof in Üsküb. (183) [Abb.]: Englischer Küstenschoner wird von deutschen Luftstreitkräften an der englischen Küste angehalten und versenkt. (184) [Abb.]: Ansprache des Deutchen Kaisers an die Arbeiter der Kruppschen Werke im Saalbau "Friedrichshalle" am 10. September 1918. ( - ) [Abb.]: Der französische Panzerkreuzer "Dupetit Thouars", das Führerschiff eines stark beschützten, von Amerika nach Frankreich fahrenden Geleitzuges, wird im Atlantischen Ozean durch ein deutsches U-Boot torpediert. ([185]) [Karte]: Grossrussland nach dem deutsch-russischen Ergänzungs-Vertrag. (186) [Abb.]: Die nach dem deutsch-russischen Finanzabkommen in Berlin eingetroffene erste Goldsendung. Der Güterzug von fünf Wagen enthielt ein und eine halbe Milliarde russisches Gold. Unser Bild zeigt einen mit zehn Millionen russischem Gold beladenen Rollwagen fertig zur Abfahrt nach der Reichsbank. (186) [6 Abb.]: Mit deutschen Jägern quer durch Finnland. (1)Tanz im Freien. (2)Begeisterte Begrüßung in Mukos. (3)Für deutsche Truppen am Waldrand gedeckte Milchtafel. (4)Einzug in Mukos. (5)An einem finnischen See. (6)Im Teerboot vor der Abfahrt durch die Stromschnellen. ([187]) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (188 - 189) Mit deutschen Jägern quer durch Finnland. (188 - 189) [Abb.]: Deutscher U-Kreuzer rüstet auf hoher See den amerikanischen Dampfer "Triumph" als Hilfskreuzer aus. (188 - 189) Abzeichen der österreichisch-ungarischen Armee. (190) [2 Abb.]: (1)(2)Abzeichen der österreichisch-ungarischen Armee. (190) [2 Abb.]: (1)(2)Abzeichen der österreichisch-ungarischen Armee. (191) Die französische Taktik während der Schlacht in der Champagne im Juli 1918. (191) [Abb.]: Militärisches Leben und Treiben auf einer Ausladerampe in der Bukowina. (192) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 213 (Heft 213) ([193]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Artur James Balfour, englischer Außenminister. (2)Blick von den Ausläufern der Cote Lorraine. In der Mitte die Combreshöhe, rechts die Moevre-Ebene. ([193]) [Abb.]: Deutsche Stellung zwischen den Trümmern eines Eisenbahnzuges. (194) [2 Abb.]: (1)Mit Gasmaske und leichtem Maschinengewehr ausgerüsteter deutscher Motorradfahrer auf der Fahrt im Westen. (2)Eine deutsche Motorradfahrer-Maschinengewehrabteilung in Kampfstellung im Westen. (195) [Abb.]: Deutsche Maschinengewehrabteilungen halten im Trichtergelände feindliche Angriffe auf. (196 - 197) [Abb.]: Deutsche Sturmtruppen durchschreiten eine Schlucht am Chemin des Dames. (198) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (198) Bemalen englischer Geschütze gegen Fliegersicht. (198) [3 Abb.]: In einem Lager für gefangene Amerikaner. (1)Gefangene beim Brotholen. (2)Anmarsch neuer Gefangener. (3)Deutscher Offizier im Gespräch mit Gefangenen. (199) "Hier ruht ein tapferer Franzose." (199) [Abb.]: Österreichisch-ungarische Geschützstellung an der Front gegen Italien. (200) [Abb.]: Bemalen englischer schwerer Geschütze gegen Fliegersicht. ( - ) [Abb.]: Gefangennahme von Engländern an der italienischen Bergfront. ([201]) [3 Abb.]: Bilder aus Mazedonien. (1)Lebensmittelbeförderung durch Esel. (2)Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof in Cericani in Mazedonien. (3)Ankunft eines Lebensmitteltransportes. (202) [3 Abb.]: Bilder aus Mazedonien. (1)Die Höhe 1050 bei Cericani in Mazedonien. (2)Auf einer Kleinbahnstation in Mazedonien. (3)Paßstraße bei Gradiska. (203) Weltkrieg und Geldkrieg. Ein Ausschnitt aus dem Zahlenbild des Krieges. (203) [Karte]: Vogelschaukarte von der Bagdadfront bis zum Kaspischen Meer. (204) [Abb.]: Vertreibung der Engländer aus Baku durch tatarische Freischärler in der Nacht zum 16. September 1918. ([205]) [Abb.]: Gesamtkosten des Weltkrieges. (206) Die Ereignisse zur See im achten Kriegshalbjahr. (206) [Abb.]: Frachtkostensteigerung und U-Bootkrieg. (207) Kriegstädtebilder. 3. Cambrai. (207) [Abb.]: Das Fénelontor in Cambrai. (208) Mordgelüste eines amerikanischen Offiziers. (208) [Abb.]: Deutsche Schlachtflieger greifen englische Panzerwagen erfolgreich an. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 214 (Heft 214) ([209]) [Abb.]: Das Kriegerstandbild in Riga nach der Enthüllung am 3. September 1918, dem Jahrestage der Befreiung der Stadt. ([209]) [2 Karten]: (1)Die neue französische Offensive zwischen Reims und Maas. (2)Die neue Front zwischen Maas und Mosel. (210) [Abb.]: Die malerisch gelegene Kirche des französischen Dörfchens Savonnières an der Maas bei St. Mihiel. (211) [5 Abb.]: (1)Generalmajor v. Renner, württembergischer General, der für hervorragende Verdienste bei den Rückzugskämpfen im Westen den Orden Pour le Mérite erhielt. (2)Generalleutnant v. Fritsch, Führer der 26. (württembergischen) Reserve-Division, die sich am 29. September 1918 in den Kämpfen um Cambrai auszeichnete. (3)Oberleutnant Martin Boelcke vom mecklenburgischen Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 89, dank dessen tatkräftigem Eingreifen ein Vorstoß der Amerikaner gegen Bazoches am 28. August 1918 zum Scheitern gebracht wurde. (4)Vizewachtmeister Bauermeister von der 2. Batterie des Reserve-Feldartillerie-Regiments Nr. 21 vernichtete mit einem Geschütz allein 6 feindliche Panzerwagen bei Miraumont.(5)Vizefeldwebel Paul Höhne, der erste Vizefeldwebel, der den Orden Pour le Mérite erhielt. (212) [Abb.]: Vernichtung feindlicher Sturmpanzerwagen durch deutsches Maschinengewehrfeuer. ([213]) [2 Abb.]: (1)General Sawos, der gewesene Oberbefehlshaber der bulgarischen Armee. (2)General Lukow, einer der bulgarischen Unterhändler, die in Saloniki über die Preisgabe ihres Vaterlandes an den Verband verhandelten. (214) [Karte]: Kartenskizze zu den Kämpfen in Mazedonien im September 1918. (214) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (215) Der Tag von Riga. (215) [2 Abb.]: (1)Gemüsemarkt in Üsküb. (2)Topfmarkt in Üsküb. (215) Überraschungen einer U-Bootfahrt. (216) [Abb.]: Stellungswechsel einer österreichisch-ungarischen Batterie. (216) [Abb.]: Vereitelter Übergangsversuch der Italiener über die Piave bei Noventa. ([217]) [Karte]: Kartenskizze zu den Kämpfen in Palästina im Sept. 1918. (218) [2 Abb.]: (1)Oberst Ali Fuad Bey, Führer des VIII türkischen Armeekorps an der Front östlich vom Jordan. (2)Abtransport Verwundeter auf Kamel-Kakulehs an der Palästinafront. (219) [Abb.]: Deutsche Infanterieflieger führen einer eingeschlossenen Kompanie Munition, Fleisch und Zwieback zu. (220 - 221) [Abb.]: Die Wirkung des U-Bootkrieges. (222) Die Rettungsengel. (222) [Abb.]: Die Kriegschiffverluste der Verbandsmächte. (223) Die Ereignisse zur See im achten Kriegshalbjahr. II. Der Kampf gegen die U-Boote. (223) [Abb.]: Die Wirtschaftshilfe der Vereinigten Staaten 1917-1918. (224) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 215 (Heft 215) ([225]) [Abb.]: Die historische Reichstagsitzung am 5. Oktober 1918, in der der neue Reichskanzler Prinz Max von Baden Mitteilung von dem erfolgten neuen deutschen Friedensangebot machte. ([225]) [16 Abb.]: Der Reichskanzler Prinz Max von Baden und die Mitglieder der von ihm neu gebildeten parlamentarischen Regierung. (1)Prinz Max von Baden, Reichskanzler und preußischer Minister des Äußern. (2)Dr. v. Payer, Vizekanzler, früher fortschrittlicher Reichstagsabgeordneter. (3)Dr. Eduard David, sozialdemokratischer Reichstagsabgeordneter, Unterstaatssekretär des Auswärtigen Amtes. (4)Karl Trimborn, Zentrum-Reichstagsabgeordneter, Staatssekretär des Innern. (5)Generalmajor Ulrich Hoffmann, Chef des Kriegsamtes. (6)General Scheüch, preußischer Kriegsminister. (7)Vizeadmiral Ernst Ritter v. Mann, Staatssekretär d. Reichsmarineamtes. (8)Kapitän z.S. Löhlein, Chef des U-Bootamtes. (9)Matthias Erzberger, Zentrum-Reichstagsabgeordneter, Staatssekretär ohne Portefeuille. 10)Adolf Gröber, Zentrum-Reichstagsabgeordneter, Staatssekretär ohne Portefeuille. 11)Konrad Haußmann, fortschrittlicher Reichstagsabgeordneter, Staatssekretär ohne Portefeuille. 12)Philipp Scheidemann, sozialdemokratischer Reichstagsabgeordneter, Staatssekretär ohne Portefeuille. (13)Graf Rödern, Staatssekretär des Reichsschatzamtes. (14)Gustav Bauer, sozaildemokratischer Reichstagsabgeordneter, Staatssekretär des Reichsarbeitsamtes. (15)Giesberts, Zentrum-Reichstagsabgeordneter, Unterstaatssekretär im Reichsarbeitsamt. (16)Otto Fischbeck, fortschrittlicher Reichstagsabgeordneter, preußischer Handelsminister. ([227]) [Abb.]: General v.d.Chevallerie, unter dessen Führung ostpreußische und posensche Bataillone beiderseits von Sequehart v.i. Cambrai am 1. Oktober 1918 den Feind zurückwarfen. (228) [Karte]: Die Front im Westen am 11. Oktober 1918. (228) [Abb.]: Von der französischen Bedienungsmannschaft verlassenes Eisenbahngeschütz bei St. Thierry wird von Engländern verteidigt. ([229]) [Abb.]: Ein neuer deutscher Flugzeugtyp: Fokker-Kampfeinseitzer. (230) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (231) Überraschungen einer U-Bootfahrt. (231) [Abb.]: Der "militärische Erfolg" des englischen Luftangriffs auf Stuttgart am 15. September 1918, von dem die Engländer behaupteten: "Die Daimler-Werke in Stuttgart wurden mit gutem Erfolg angegriffen." Getroffen wurde ein Wohnhaus inmitten der Stadt, in dem die durch alle Stockwerke schlagende Bombe 10 Zivilpersonen und 1 Soldaten tötete. (231) [3 Abb.]: (1)Vertreter des kaukasischen Bergvolkes der Chewsuren, die nach Tiflis gekommen sind, um der georgischen Regierung ihre Sympathien zu bekunden. (2)Beerdigung des höchsten Geistlichen im Kaukasus, des georgischen Katholikos Kirion II. in Tiflis, der Hauptstadt des neu gebildeten Staates Georgien: Geistliche im Trauerzuge. (3)Fechter der Chewsuren in ihrer Fechterkleidung. (232) [Abb.]: Die Bulgaren am Wardar. ( - ) [Abb.]: Zusammenziehung deutscher Streitkräfte in der Darialschlucht auf der grusinischen Heerstraße im Kaukasus. ([233]) Die Murmanküste und der Aufmarsch der Engländer gegen die Sowjetrepublik. (234) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Kaserne in Omsk. (2)Blick auf den Hafen von Alexandrowsk. (234) [Karte]: Die Lage in Rußland Mitte September 1918. (235) [5 Abb.]: (1)Typische Bockbrücke der Murmanbahn. (2)Blick auf Tobolsk. (3)Das St. Innozent-Kloster in Irkutsk. (4)Der höchste Punkt der sibirischen Bahn im Ural. (5)Die Vorhut der Kalmücken des Sasker Kreises, die sich gegen die Tschecho-Slowaken erhoben haben, besetzt die Bahnlinie Pensa-Simbirsk. (236 - 237) [3 Abb.]: Bei den deutschen Nachrichtentruppen. (1)(2)Oberes und unteres Bild: Soldaten beim Legen einer Leitung in einer kleinen russischen Stadt. (3)Mittleres Bild: Leitungsturm einer deutschen Fernsprechabteilung. (238) Das Fernsprechwesen im Kriege. (239) [3 Abb.]: (1)Oberes Bild: Soldaten bei der Bedienung von Fernsprechapparaten auf einer Station im Westen. (2)Mittleres Bild: Fernsprech- und Telegraphenvermittlung an der Aisne. (3)Unteres Bild: Soldaten beim Legen einer Leitung in einem russischen Städtchen. (239) [Abb.]: "Wir Barbaren!" Wo die wahre Kultur zu finden ist, zeigt ein Vergleich der Leistungen Deutschlands, Englands und Frankreichs an Hand der obigen bildlichen Darstellung. (240) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 216 (Heft 216) ([241]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Oberleutnant v. Brandenstein, Kommandeut des Infanterieregiments Alt-Württemberg Nr. 121, erhielt den Orden Pour le Mérite. (2)Planmäßige Räumung im Westen: Verbringung französischer Gefangener aus Laon in rückwärts gelegene Lager. ([241]) [Abb.]: Planmäßige Räumung im Westen: Rückverlegung einer deutschen Artilleriewerkstatt. (242) [Abb.]: Eine interessante Tankabwehrübung. Der Tank wird von der Infanterie eingenebelt und von Flammenwerfern und Schlachtfliegern angegriffen. (243) [Abb.]: Von der großen Abwehrschlacht im Westen. Abteilung 1 des Gefechtstandes des Alpenkorps. (244) [Abb.]: Am Sommekanal bei Epenancourt. (245) [Abb.]: Großwesir Izzet Pascha, zugleich türkischer Kriegsminister. (246) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (246) Überraschungen einer U-Bootfahrt. (246) [3 Abb.]: Bilder von der Palästinafront. (1)Oberes Bild: Beisetzung eines gefallenen englischen Fliegeroffiziers durch deutsche Truppen. (2)Mittleres Bild: ein Divisionskommandeut besichtigt eine türkische Stellung. (3)Unteres Bild: Deutsche Sanitätskolonne auf dem Wege zur Front. (247) [Abb.]: Versenkung eines französischen U-Bootes durch ein österreichisch-ungarisches Tauchboot am 20. September 1918 nördlich von Durazzo. (248) [Abb.]: Douai unter dem Feuer schwerer englischer Geschütze. ( - ) [Abb.]: Fliegerabwehr an Bord eines österreichisch-ungarischen Großkampfschiffes im Hafen von Pola. (249) Unsere Ostafrikaner. (250) [Karte]: Übersichtskarte über die von den Truppen des Generals v. Lettow-Vorbeck zurückgelegten Wegstrecken. (251) Eine deutsche Feldpostsammelstelle. (251) [Abb.]: Deutsche Schutztruppenabteilungen aus Ostafrika durchqueren einen Flußlauf im portugiesischen Kolonialgebiet. . In langer Reihe die Trägerkolonnen. ([252 - 253]) [2 Abb.]: Die Feldpostsammelstelle in Frankfurt a.M. (1)Aussortieren der Heeresdienstpakete in der unterirdischen Durchgangspackkammer. (2)Verladen der fertigen Feldposten auf dem nördlichen Postverladebahnsteig im Hauptbahnhof. (254) [4 Abb.]: Die Feldpostsammelstelle in Frankfurt a.M. (1)Grobsortierstelle für Kolonnenformationen bei der Abteilung B im Oberpostdirektionsgebäude. (2)Päckchen-Feinsortierstelle "Aktive Regimenter". (3)Elektrisches Hebewerk für Päckchenposten. (4)Feldpostensortierstelle in der Pakethalle auf dem Hauptbahnhof. (255) [Abb.]: Die deutsche Sozialversicherung steht in der ganzen Welt vorbildlich und unerreicht da. (256) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 217 (Heft 217) ([257]) [Abb.]: Von der großen Rückzugschlacht im Westen: Vor Nesle. ([257]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Räumung des von den Deutschen freiwillig aufgegebenen Geländes im Westen: Anbringen der Sprengladung an einer Brücke. (2)Räumung des von den Deutschen freiwillig aufgegebenen Geländes im Westen: Sprengladungen werden an eine Brücke gelegt. (258) [Abb.]: Ein besonders konstruiertes Gewehr zur Bekämpfung der Sturmpanzerwagen. (259) [Abb.]: Die Räumung von Lille: Die Bewohner verlassen die Stadt. (260 - 261) [Karte]: Völker-Karte von Österreich-Ungarn. (262) [3 Abb.]: (1)Reichstagsabgeordneter Hauß (Zentrum), Staatssekretär von Elsaß-Lothringen. (2)Der ehemalige ungarische Ministerpräsident Graf Stephan Tisza (am 31. Oktober 1918 ermordet). (3)Der österreichische Ministerpräsident Freiherr Hussarek v. Heinlein. (263) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (264) U-Boottätigkeit im Sperrgebiet. "Bringen Sie die Papiere an Bord!" (264) [Abb.]: Aufgefischte englische Stahldrahtnetzsperre in der Halle des Seebahnhofes von Ostende. (264) Kriegstädtebilder. 4. Brügge. (264) [Abb.]: Auf den Festungswällen von La Fère. ( - ) [Abb.]: "Bringen Sie die Papiere an Bord!" ([265]) Die Bosniaken am Monte Solarolo. (266) Notgeldscheine und -münzen deutscher Städte. Mit Berücksichtigung der Kleingeldscheine in den von den deutschen Truppen besetzten Gebieten. (266) [Abb.]: Deutsche Matrosen auf einem Kanal in Brügge. (267) [Abb.]: In den Kämpfen im August 1918 von den k.u.k. Truppen gefangene Italiener warten im Brentatal auf ihre Abführung. (268) [Abb.]: Ein am 15. Juli 1918 von den Italienern unternommener Hauptstoß gegen die östereichisch-ungarischen Stellungen am Monte Solarolo wird von Bosniaken des 4. Regiments abgewiesen. Die Ausrüstung der Bosniaken ist die sogenannte "erleichterte", d.h. ohne Rucksack oder Tornister. Die Soldaten tragen nur den Patronentornister und darüber den gerollten Mantel. ([269]) [4 Abb.]: (1)Vier russische Kleingeldmarken. Kriegsnotgeld des Auslandes. Vier ukrainische Kleingeldmarken. (2)Kriegsmünze der Stadt Neuburg a.D. Vorder- und Rückseite. (3)1-Mark-Schein des Königreichs Polen. (4)Französischer Geldschein aus dem besetzten Gebiet. (270) Überraschungen einer U-Bootfahrt. (270) [10 Abb.]: (1)50-Pfennig-Schein der Stadt Lindenberg i. Allgäu. (2)50-Pfennig-Schein der Stadt Hammelburg. (3)50-Pfennig-Schein der Stadt Würzburg. (4)50-Pfennig-Schein der Stadt Lindau i. Bodensee. (5)50-Pfennig-Schein der Stadt Bielefeld. (6)Kriegsmünze der Stadt Greilsheim i. Württ. (Vorderseite.) (7)25-Pfennig-Schein der Stadt Bielefeld. (8)10-Pfennig-Schein der Stadt Bielefeld. (9)Kriegsmünze der Stadt Greilsheim i. Württ. (Rückseite.) 10)Gutschein für die Kriegsgefangenenlager des XVIII. Armeekorps. (271) [Abb.]: Die Beute der U-Bootfahrt. (272) [Abb-]: Die rauchenden Trümmer der französichen Festung La Fère werden von deutschen Truppen verteidigt. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 218 (Heft 218) ([273]) [Abb.]: Schweres deutsches Maschinengewehr im Vorfeld. ([273]) [2 Karten]: (1)Deutsche und polnische Sprachgebiete in den Provinzen Ostpreußen, Westpreußen, Posen und Schlesien. (2)Die Verbreitung der deutschen und französischen Sprache in Elsaß-Lothringen. (274) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche Artillerie auf dem Marsche. (2)Deutsche Geschütze werden durch Mannschaften in die Stellungen gezogen. (275) [Abb.]: Das 1. bayrische Infanterieregiment hält unter Führung seines Kommandeurs, Major Schmidtler, in zäher Verteidigung die Höhen östlich von Chestres gegen den heftigen Ansturm eines überlegenen Gegners. ([276 - 277]) [Abb.]: Die Abwehrkämpfe im Westen: Auf einer Marschstraße zwischen Maas und Mosel. (278) [3 Abb.]: (1)Blick von den Maashöhen bei Braux. (2)Nouzon an der Maas. (3)Charleville an der Maas. (279) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (279) Die Wohnungsfrage nach dem Kriege. (279) [Abb.]: Deutsche Vorfeldbesatzung wehrt einen Tankangriff ab. (280) [Abb.]: Verbellen von deutschen Maschinengewehr-Stützpunkten. ([281]) Riesen-Flugzeuge. (282) [3 Abb.]: Bei einer deutschen Jagdstaffel. (1)Mitte: Abflugbereite Staffel von Kampfeinsitzern, genau in einer Reihe aufgestellt und ausgerichtet. (2)(3)Seitenbilder: Signalrakete, die als Zeichen zum Abflug auf dem Flugplatz abgefeuert wird, da Kommandoworte und Schüsse infolge des Motorenlärmes nicht hörbar sind. Links die unter starker Rauchentwicklung aufsteigende Rakete. Rechts: Richten des Abschußgestelles. (282) [Abb.]: Ein neues deutsches Riesen-Flugzeug nach einer englischen Darstellung. ([283]) Der Fliegerüberfall auf das österreichisch-ungarische Hospitalschiff "Baron Gall". (284) Finnlands wirtschaftspolitische Verhältnisse. (284) [Abb.]: Fliegerüberfall auf das österreichisch-ungarische Hospitalschiff "Baron Gall". (285) [Abb.]: Finnische Hochseefischer im Hafen von Helsingfors. (286) Unsere Unterwasserschneid-Abteilungen. (286) [6 Abb.]: Bilder aus Finnland. (1)Eine der größten Papierfabriken in Finnland. (2)Die Imatra Stromschnellen. (3)Rückkehr der abgelösten finnischen Wache in Helsingfors. (4)Markt in Helsingfors. (5)Der Nordhafen von Wyborg. (6)Oboßkische Brücke in Wyborg. ([287]) [Abb.]: Dräger-Taucher arbeitet mit Unterwasser-Schneidbrenner. (288) Ehrentafel. Bezwingung eines englischen Tanks. (288) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 219 (Heft 219) ([289]) [Abb.]: Deutsche Kavallerieschützen mit Maschinengewehr. ([289]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutsche schwere Mörserbatterie im Rückzugsgefecht bei den Abwehrkämpfen im Westen. (2)Feuernde deutsche 15-cm-Haubitzenbatterie bei den Abwehrkämpfen im Westen. Vor den Geschützen angreifende Infanterie. (290) [Abb.]: Die Abwehrkämpfe im Westen: Deutsche Reserven werden in vorderster Stellung ausgeladen. (291) [Abb.]: Eine Stadt in Flandern im englischen Artilleriefeuer. (292 - 293) [Abb.]: Pierrepont. (294) [5 Abb.]: (1)Eine Straße in Douai am 2. Oktober 1918 nach erneuter Beschießung durch englische Artillerie. (2)Der Bahnhof von Douai am 2. Oktober 1918 nach erneuer Beschießung durch die Engländer. (3)Volltreffer in einem Hause von Douai nach erneuter Beschießung durch die Engländer am 2. Oktober 1918. (4)Volltreffer in der Ecole Chrétienne in Douai, durch den acht Personen getötet wurden. Deutsche Soldaten bergen die Verunglückten. (5)Die französische Bevölkerung von Vouziers flüchtet vor dem Artilleriefeuer ihrer eigenen Landsleute. ([295]) [Abb.]: Straßenleben in einer mazedonischen Ortschaft. (296) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (296) Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt nach dem Kriege. (296) [Abb.]: Kampf mit serbischen Banden auf dem Rückzug der österreichisch-ungarischen Armee aus Serbien. ([297]) [5 Abb.]: (1)Hofrat Professor Dr. Heinrich Lammasch, der österreichischer Ministerpräsident wurde. (2)Graf Julius Andrassy, der als österreich.-ungar. Minister des Äußern von nur mehrtägiger Amtszeit das Angebot eines bedingungslosen Waffenstillstandes an Amerika richtete. (3)Graf Michael Karolyi, ungarischer Ministerpräsident, Führer der Radikalen Ungarns und Gegner des Bündnisses mit Deutschland. (4)Graf Janos Hadik, der, zum ungarischen Ministerpräsidenten ernannt, sein Amt sofort an Graf Karolyi abgeben mußte. (5)Dr. Viktor Adler, Führer der österreichischen Sozialdemokraten, wurde in der auf das Ministerium Lammasch-Andrassy folgenden Nationalregierung deutschösterreichischer Staatssekretär des Äußern. Er starb am 11. November 1918. (298) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der österreichische Kriegshafen Pola, der mit der gesamten Kriegsflotte den Kroaten ausgeliefert wurde. (2)Fiume. (299) Die Begleitbatterien der Infanterie. (300 - 301) [Abb.]: Überschiffung Verwundeter über die Piave während der Montelloschlacht. (300 - 301) Das Taubenhaus. (302) [Abb.]: Großer französischer Taubenturm, der in deutsche Hände gefallen ist. (302) [Abb.]: Das Innere des französischen Taubenturmes, in dem etwa 1500 Tauben nisten können. Eine drehbare Leiter ermöglicht es, an jedes Nest zu gelangen. (303) Der Bauch des Heeres. (304) [Abb.]: Die Nahrung der Kämpfer. (304) [Abb.]: Vizewachtmeister Halbreiter vom 1. Garde-Reserve-Feldartillerieregiment empfängt heranstürmende Abteilungen der Engländer aus nächster Nähe mit vernichtendem Schnellfeuer. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 220 (Heft 220) ([305]) [Abb.]: Franzensfeste in Tirol. ([305]) [3 Abb.]: (1)Professor Thomas Masaryk, Präsident der tschechoslowakischen Republik. (2)Dr. Kramarsch, der tschechoslowakische Ministerpräsident. (3)Benzin- und Öllager in Dalmatien. (306) [Abb.]: Der deutsche Volkstag in Troppau (Österreichisch-Schlesien) am 15. Oktober 1918. ([307]) [Abb.]: Gewaltiger deutscher Minenwerferangriff mit nachfolgendem Sturm auf eine französische Stellung, die durch die gleichzeitig einsetzende Beschießung aus tausend Feuerschlünden vollständig vernichtet wurde. (308 - 309) [3 Abb.]: Der deutsche Rückzug an der Westfront im Herbst 1918. (1)Abtransport eines deutschen Geschützes. (2)Deutsche Gepäckwagen fahren über die Kanalbrücke bei Bellenglise. (3)Der geordnete deutsche Rückzug, der ohne Hast vonstatten ging. (310) [Abb.]: Französische Landeseinwohner flüchten vor der französischen und englischen Beschießung. (311) [7 Abb.]: Bei den deutschen Fliegern im Westen. (1)Kampfflieger Vizefeldwebel Hennrich. (2)Vollkommen aus Metall gebautes deutsches Infanterieflugzeug mit gepanzertem Motor, fertig zum Abflug. (3)Kampfflieger Oberleutnant Greim. (4)Infanterieflieger, die einer vom Feind umfaßten Truppe Wasser in Kannen, ferner Konserven und Brot zuführen sollen, unterrichten sich auf der Karte über die Infanteriestellung. (5)Kampfflieger Leutnant Mai. (6)Maschinengewehre zur Fliegerabwehr auf dem Flugplatz eines deutschen Geschwaders. (7)Kampfflieger Oberleutnant Schmidt. (312) [Abb.]: Bayrische Grenzschutzwache an der Tiroler Grenze bei Kufstein. ( - ) [Abb.]: Feindliche Batterien werden von deutschen Fliegern zum Schweigen gebracht. ([313]) [5 Abb.]: (1)General v. Winterfeldt, Mitglied der deutschen Waffenstillstandsabordnung, früher deutscher Militärattaché in Paris. (2)Graf v. Oberndorf, Mitglied der deutschen Waffenstillstandsabordnung, vorher deutscher Gesandter in Bulgarien. (3)Kapitän z.S. Vanselow, Mitlied der deutschen Waffenstillstandsabordnung. (4)Geheimrat Frisch, als Vertreter der deutschen Zentral-Einkaufs-Gesellschaft zur Unterhandlung mit Foch ausersehen. (5)Der amerikanische Oberst House, von dem Präsidenten Wilson zu seiner Vertretung nach Europa gesandt. (314) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (315) Die Evakuierung von Valenciennes. (315) [Karte]: Die im Waffenstillstandsvertrag vereinbarte neutrale Zone. (315) Die politischen Ziele der Verbandsmächte in Syrien, Arabien und Mesopotamien. (315) [8 Abb.]: (1)Friedrich Ebert, mit Hugo Haase Vorsitzender des Rats der Volksbeauftragten (Sozialdemokrat). (2)Hugo Haase, neben Friedrich Ebert Vorsitzender des Rats der Volksbeauftragten (unabhängiger Sozialdemokrat). (3)Schiffer, Staatssekretär des Reichsschatzamtes (nationalliberal). (4)Eduard Bernstein, Beigeordneter im Reichsschatzamt (unabhängiger Sozialdemokrat). (5)Paul Göhre, Beigeordneter im Kriegsministerium (Sozialdemokrat). (6)Karl Kautsky, Beigeordneter im Auswärtigen Amt (unabhängiger Sozialdemokrat). (7)Robert Schmidt, Leiter des Kriegsernährungsamtes (Sozialdemokrat). (8)Kurt Eisner, Ministerpräsident der bayrischen Republik (unabhängiger Sozialdemokrat). (316) [Abb.]: Am Abend des 7. Novembers 1918 vor der Theatinerkirche in München (links die Feldherrnhalle). ([317]) [3 Abb.]: Bilder von der deutschen Revolution. (1)Das Landtagsgebäude in München, der Sitz des Arbeiter- und Soldatenrats. (2)Von Mitgliedern des Arbeiter- und Soldatenrats besetzte Kraftwägen mit roten Fahnen in den Straßen Berlins. (3)Ein von bewaffneten Soldaten besetzter Lastkraftwagen des Arbeiter- und Soldatenrates, der die Straßen Berlins durchstreift, am Brandenburger Tor. (318) [Abb.]: Ein Soldat mit weißer Armbinde, der im Auftrag des Arbeiter- und Soldatenrates am Sicherheitsdienst in Berlin teilnimmt. (319) Kriegstädtebilder. 5. Gent. (319) [Abb.]: Straßenbild aus Gent. (320) Die deutschen, die britischen und die amerikanischen Verluste. (320) [Abb.]: Räumung der deutschen Stellung am Knie im Argonnenwald. Im Hintergrund zeichnen sich gegen die Luft die aufgeworfenen Erdhügel der deutschen Schützengräben ab. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 221 (Heft 221) ([321]) [Abb.]: Stenay. Im Vordergrund das Gebäude, in dem sich das Oberkommando der deutschen V. Armee befand. ([321]) [Abb.]: Die Revolution in Deutschland: Der kaiserliche Marstall in Berlin mit den Spuren von Maschinengewehrschüssen. Aus diesem dem Schloß gegenüberliegenden Gebäude wurde lebhaft auf die Revolutionäre geschossen. (322) [Abb.]: Die neue württembergische Regierung. Von links: Baumann, Dr. Lindemann, Blos, Kiene, Heymann, Liesching, Crispien. (323) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die erste Sitzung des Soldatenrats im Reichstagsgebäude am 11. November 1918. (2)Eine Sitzung des Rates der Volksbeauftragten. Von links: Barth, Landsberg, Ebert, Haase, Dittmann, Scheidemann. (324) [Abb.]: Die Umwälzung in Berlin. Ein Soldat mit roter Fahne hält von einem mit bewaffneten Matrosen und Soldaten besetzten Automobil am Brandenburger Tor eine Ansprache an die Menge. Links entfernt ein Soldat die Kokarde von seiner Mütze. ([325]) [Abb.]: Im Luftkampf abgeschossenes englisches Flugzeug, das vor der Kirche von Latour en Woevre niederstürzte. (326) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (326) "Wir machen eine Trichtersprengung." (326) [Abb.]: Deutsche Nachhut hält die Trümmer einer französischen Ortschaft gegen feindlichen Infanteriesturm. ([327]) [Abb.]: Von der Westfront heimkehrende deutsche Truppen in einer Stadt des besetzten Gebiets, die zum Empfang der nachrückenden Verbandstruppen festlich beflaggt ist. (328) [Abb.]: Kavallerie auf dem Marsche. ([329]) Der Eisenbetonschiffbau in Amerika. (330) [Abb.]: Das amerikanische Eisenbetonschiff "Faith" im Bau. (330) [5 Abb.]: (1)Das dänische Betonboot "Beton I" verläßt kieloben die Bauhalle. (2)Das Betonboot "Beton I" nach seiner Umkehrung. (3)Stapellauf des amerikanischen Eisenbetonschiffes "Faith". (4)Die Eisenspanten des "Faith". (5)Das amerikanische Eisenbetonschiff "Faith" auf der Fahrt. (331) Abwehr eines See- und Luftangriffes auf Durazzo. (332) [Abb.]: Der erste Friedensbrunnen in Deutschland, der in Mittweida in Sachsen auf Kosten der Stadt errichtet wurde. (332) [Abb.]: Ein See- und Luftangriff auf Durazzo wird erfolgreich abgeschlagen. ([333]) Die politischen Ziele der Verbandsmächte in Syrien, Arabien und Mesopotamien. (334) [Abb.]: Ansicht von Damaskus. (334) [3 Abb.]: (1)Blick in eine Straße der schöngepflegten Anlagen von Beirut in Syrien. (2)Blick auf einen Teil der französischen Gebirgsbahn bei Beirut. Im Hintergrund rechts eine vierhundertjährige Brücke. (3)Gesamtansicht von Beirut am Fuße des schneebedeckten Libanongebirges. (335) [Abb.]: Englische Kamelkolonne im Jordantal in Palästina, durch das Jahrhunderte vorher die Kamelreiter und Transportzüge der Assyrer und Babylonier in Palästina eindrangen. (336) Ein Engländer über seine Behandlung in Deutschland. (336) Die Weltkriegskosten. (336) [Abb.]: Von der Westfront heimkehrende deutsche Truppen marschieren durch Köln am Rhein. Rechts die mächtigen Mauern des Kölner Domes. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 222 (Heft 222) ([337]) [Abb.]: Ansicht des belgischen Badeortes Spaa in der Provinz Lüttich, in dem die Verhandlungen der Waffenstillstandskommission geführt wurden. ([337]) [Abb.]: Rückkehr deutscher Truppen aus dem Westen. Die Züge sind so überfüllt, daß die Soldaten sogar auf den Dächern Platz genommen haben. (338) [8 Abb.]: Durchmarsch der heimkehrenden deutschen Truppen durch Köln a.Rh. (1)Die flaggengeschmückte Hohe Straße in Köln. (2)Truppen ziehen durch die Springergasse in Köln. (3)Rast vor dem Kölner Dom. (4)Ein Jäger-Radfahrerbataillon in den Straßen Kölns. (5)Kölner Jungen auf einem heimkehrenden Automobil. (6)Die Jugend begleitet die Truppen durch die Stadt. (7)Automobil-Transportzug in den Straßen Kölns. (8)Ein ungewohnter Anblick in den Straßen Kölns. ([339]) [Abb.]: Kameraden. (340) [Abb.]: Deutsche Truppen räumen Grandpré. ([341]) [3 Abb.]: (1)Admiral Sir David Beatty, der als Bevollmächtigter der englischen Admiralität die abzuliefernde deutsche Kriegsflotte entgegennahm. (2)Konteradmiral Meurer, der im Auftrage des deutschen Flottenrates die Verhandlungen zur Übergabe der deutschen Kriegsflotte leitete. (3)Lord Robert Cecil, der zurückgetretene englische Blockademinister. (342) [Abb.]: Ansicht von Kiel mit dem Kriegshafen. (343) [2 Abb.]: (1)Deutscher Posten an der Stützmauer von Helgoland. (2)Deutsche Torpedoflotte im Hafen von Helgoland. (344) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (344) Die Ursachen des Zusammenbruchs des deutschen Heeres. (344) [Abb.]: Deutsche Luft- und Seestreitkräfte verlassen den Hafen von Helgoland. ([345]) [3 Abb.]: (1)Dr. Karl Renner, der deutschösterreichische Staatskanzler, ein Führer der österreichischen Sozialdemokratie. (2)Dr. Ludo M. Hartmann, der neuernannte Vertreter der Deutschösterreichischen Republik in Berlin. (3)Professor Dr. Preuß, deutscher Staatssekretär des Innern. (346) [Abb.]: Die erste Nationalversammlung der Abgeordneten von Deutsch Österreich im Sitzungsaal des Wiener Landhauses. (347) Aus der Praxis des russischen Bolschewismus. (347) [Abb.]: Verkündigung der Deutschösterreichischen Republik und ihres Anschlusses an den deutschen Freistaat am 12. November 1918 vor dem Parlament in Wien. (348 - 349) [Abb.]: Russische Bolschewisten überfallen mit umherstreifenden Soldatenbanden einsame Bauernhöfe, in denen sie Anhänger des Zarismus vermuten. (350) [3 Abb.]: (1)Schnelle Aburteilung durch bolschewistische Rote Garde an der finnischen Grenze. (2)Bolschewistische Soldateska legt nach Plünderung Feuer an ein Amtsgebäude. (3)Bolschewistische Rechtsprechung in Petersburg. ([351]) [Abb.]: Daheim - und Friede! (352) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 223 (Heft 223) ([353]) [Abb.]: Die Reichskonferenz der bundesstaatlichen Volksregierungen am 25. November 1918 im Sitzungsaal des Reichskanzlerhauses in Berlin. Im Hintergrund am mittleren Fenster, stehend, Friedrich Ebert. ([353]) [Abb.]: Die Urkunde über die Abdankung Wilhelms II. (354) [3 Abb.]: (1)Kaiser Wilhelm überschreitet nach seiner Abdankung die holländische Grenze am Bahnhof Eysden. (2)Der frühere Deutsche Kaiser mit seinem Gastgeber bei einem Spaziergang im Schloßpark von Amerongen. (3)Das Schloß Het Huis te Amerongen, in dem sich der frühere Deutsche Kaiser mit Erlaubnis der holländischen Regierung nach seinem Thronverzicht aufhält. Das Schloß gehört dem Grafen Godard Aldenburg Bentinck. (355) [Abb.]: Die deutschen Truppen verlassen in Erfüllung der Waffenstillstandsbedingungen Metz. (356 - 357) [11 Abb.]: Vertreter der bundesstaatlichen Volksregierungen bei der Reichskonferenz in Berlin. (1)Heinrich Ströbel, preußischer Ministerpräsident. (2)Dr. Kurt Rosenfeld, preußischer Justizminister. (3)Paul Hirsch, preußischer Minister des Innern. (4)Dr. Friedrich Muckle, bayrischer Gesandter in Berlin. (5)Dr. Georg Gradnauer, sächsicher Justizminister. (6)Karl Hildenbrand, württ. Gesandter in Berlin. (7)Geiß, badischer Ministerpräsident. (8)Dr. Ludwig Haas, badischer Minister des Innern. (9)Ulrich, hessischer Ministerpräsident. (10)Sivkovich, Vertreter von Mecklenburg-Schwerin. (11)Professor Dr. Neumann-Hofer, Vertreter von Lippe-Detmold. (358) [3 Abb.]: (1)General v. Eberhardt, der den Arbeiter- und Soldatenrat in Koblenz absetzen ließ, leitet den Rheinübergang bei Neuwied. (2)Deutsche Kolonnen überschreiten die von Pionieren erbaute Notbrücke über den Rhein bei Neuwied. (3)Übergang von Kolonnen heimkehrender deutscher Truppen über die Rheinbrücke bei Bonn. (359) [Abb.]: Empfang des heimkehrenden württembergischen Dragonerregiments Nr. 26 unter Führung des Majors Jobst vor dem Stuttgarter Rathaus am 30. November 1918 durch den Oberbürgermeister Lautenschlager, den Minister des Innern Crispien und namens des Stellvertretenden Generalkommandos durch den Obersten v. Hügel. (360) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (360) Fremde Fahnen . Ein Stimmungsbild aus den letzten Tagen des Großen Hauptquartiers. (360) [Abb.]: Am Münchener Hauptbahnhof zur Zeit der Demobilmachung. ( - ) [Abb.]: Rast durchziehender österreichisch-ungarischer Truppen in der Pfalz. (361) [Abb.]: Joseph Pilsudski, das polnische Staatsoberhaupt. (362) Die Brennstofffrage. (362) [2 Abb.]: (1)Englischer Soldat in seiner für Nordrußland bestimmten Ausrüstung. (2)Englischer Soldat auf Schneeschuhen befördert seine auf Schlitten verladene Ausrüstung im Norden Rußlands. (363) [Abb.]: Österreichisch-ungarische Artilleriekolonne auf dem Marsche. (364 - 365) Die Ostseeprovinzen. (364 - 365) [Abb.]: Esten von der Insel Kühno. (366) Die Szene des Waffenstillstands. (366) [2 Abb.]: (1)Alter Settukese. (2)Settukisches Mädchen. (367) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ankunft der deutschen Bevollmächtigten zum Abschluß eines Waffenstillstandes in den ersten französischen Linien bei Haudroy auf der Straße von La Capelle nach Rocquigny am 7. November 1918. (2)Die zweite Vollsitzung des Obersten Kriegsrats der Verbandsmächte zur endgültigen Festsetzung der Waffenstillstandsbedingungen in Versailles am 4. November 1918. ([368]) [Abb.]: Der Vorsitzende des Rats der Volksbeauftragten Friedrich Ebert spricht vor dem Reichskanzlerpalais in Berlin zu einer Ansammlung von Soldaten, die ihn zum Präsidenten der Deutschen Republik ausrufen wollten. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/18. Heft 224 (Heft 224) ([369]) [Abb.]: Belgischer Panzerwagen vor dem Rathause in Aachen nach der Besetzung der Stadt. ([369]) [Abb.]: Landung eines deutschen Riesenflugzeuges in Kassel, dem Sitz des deutschen Hauptquartiers. Zum Vergleich daneben ein Flugzeug gewöhnlicher Größe. (370) [4 Abb.]: Bilder von der deutschen Westgrenze. (1)Oben: Der Marktplatz von Eupen an der belgischen Grenze mit zurückgelassenem deutschen Militärgerät. (2)Mitte links: Verlassenes deutsches Geschütz vor einem Denkmal in Köln. (3)rechts: Zurückgelassenes modernes deutsches Fliegerabwehrgeschütz in einer Straße von Eupen. (4)Unten: Gefangene und Internierte erwarten in Herbesthal den Zug, der sie ihre Heimat nach Belgien zurückbefördern soll. (371) [Abb.]: Aus Brunstadt bei Mülhausen. (372) [Abb.]: Durchzug heimkehrender deutscher Krieger durch eine Stadt im Oberelsaß. (373) [2 Abb.]: (1)Vogesenlandschaft an der elsaß-lothringischen Grenze. (2)Das idyllisch gelegene Städtchen Markirch im Winter. (374) [Abb.]: Verschneites Vogesental bei Markirch. (375) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (375) Leermaterial und Sammelgut. (375) [Abb.]: Der Große Donon, der höchste Berg Elsaß-Lothringens. (375) Wie wir davon erfuhren. (376) [Abb.]: Rundgang der Waffenstillstandskommission der Verbandsmächte in Wilhelmshaven. (376) [Abb.]: Einlaufen des englischen Geschwaders mit der Waffenstillstandskommission der Verbandsmächte in Wilhelmshaven am 5. Dezember 1918. ([377]) Die Ereignisse im Großen Hauptquartier vor der Abdankung Kaiser Wilhelms. (378) [Abb.]: Die Abdankungsurkunde des früheren deutschen Kronprinzen. (378) Eisen, Kohle und Kali als Werkzeuge für den Wiederaufbau der deutschen Volkswirtschaft. (379) [3 Abb.]: (1)Der Führer der Spartakusgruppe und frühere Reichstagsabgeordnete Karl Liebknecht spricht zu seinen Anhängern von einem Denkmal der Berliner Siegesallee aus. (2)Der Demonstrationsumzug, der von Berliner Rüstungsarbeitern infolge der vom Spartakusbund veranlaßten Verkündigung des Generalstreiks unternommen wurde, auf der Straße Unter den Linden. (3)Zwei von den Anhängern der Spartakusgruppe unter dem "historischen Eckfenster" an der Straße Unter den Linden in Berlin eroberte Maschinengewehre werden auf einem Lastautomobil in Stellung gebracht. (379) [Abb.]: Feldmarschalleutnant v. Boog, Oberbefehlshaber der bewaffneten Macht Deutsch-Österreichs. (380) [2 Tab.]: (1)Roheisenerzeugung. (2)Kohlenproduktion. (380) [Abb.]: Die Judenmetzeleien in Lemberg. Im Hintergrund die Synagoge. ([381]) Unschädlichmachen angeschwemmter Minen auf Helgoland. (382) [Abb.]: Transport einer angeschwemmten englischen Mine über den Strand von Helgoland. (382) Vergesellschaftung der Produktionsmittel. (382) [2 Abb.]: Angeschwemmte englische Minen auf Helgoland. (1)Entfernen der Schießbaumwolle aus einer angeschwemmten englischen Mine. (2)Der Zünder einer auf Helgoland angeschwemmten englischen Mine wird unschädlich gemacht. (383) [Abb.]: Deutsche Torpedoboote als Minensuchschiffe mit der deutschen Handelsflagge, bereit zur Abfahrt, um die Nord- und Ostsee von Minen zu säubern. (384) [Abb.]: Die heimkehrenden Gardetruppen ziehen durch die Siegesallee in Berlin ein und werden von der Bevölkerung mit Jubel begrüßt. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. Heft 225 (Heft 225) ([385]) [Abb.]: Begrüßungsplakat der Stadt München für die heimkehrenden Truppen. ([385]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Begrüßung der einziehenden Gardetruppen am Brandenburger Tor in Berlin am 10. Dezember 1918. (2)Die Menschenmassen am Brandenburger Tor in Berlin beim Einzug der heimkehrenden Gardetruppen am 10. Dezember 1918. (386) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Fahnen des 2. Grenadier- und des Füsilier-Bataillons des 4. Garde-Grenadier-Regiments "Königin Elisabeth" beim Einzug der "Elisabether" in Berlin am 13. Dezember 1918. (2)Feierlicher Empfang der von der Front heimkehrenden Leipziger Garnisontruppen am 15. Dezember 1918. (387) [3 Abb.]: (1)Das Hauptquartier der Verbandsmächte in Trier, in dem die Vertreter der internationalen Waffenstillstandskommission ihren Wohnsitz aufschlugen. (2)Das Hotel zur Post in Trier, in dem die Verhandlungen über die Verlängerung des Waffenstillstandes stattfanden. (3)Trier, von Westen gesehen. (388) [Abb.]: Die feierliche Vereidigung der heimkehrenden deutschen Jägerdivision und der Gardekavallerieschützendivision unter Generalleutnant v. Lequis vor den Volksbeauftragten Ebert, Haase, Scheidemann und Dittmann im Steglitzer Rathaus am 9. Dezember 1918. ([389]) [Abb.]: Bodenbach an der böhmisch-sächsischen Grenze. (390) [Abb.]: Blick auf die deutsche Industriestadt Warnsdorf in Böhmen. (391) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (391) Das Ende der deutschen Flotte. (391) [2 Abb.]: (1)Das Rathaus von Reichenberg, der bisherigen Hauptstadt von Deutsch-Böhmen. (2)Blick auf Karlsbad in Böhmen. (391) [Abb.]: Deutsche U-Boote werden nach Harwich gebracht. (392) Der Rückzug der Armee Mackensens. (392) [Abb.]: Die hauptsächlichen Typen der infolge des Waffenstillstands zur See abgelieferten deutschen Kriegschiffe. ([393]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Karl Liebknecht(X), der Führer der Spartakusleute, bringt am 16. Dezember 1918 von der Balustrade des preußischen Abgeordnetenhauses in Berlin, in dem die Reichskonferenz der Arbeiter- und Soldatenräte tagte, ein Hoch auf die Spartakustruppe aus. (2)Demonstrierende Menge vor dem preußischen Abgeordnetenhause in Berlin während der Tagung der Reichskonferenz der Arbeiter- und Soldatenräte. (394) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ein Agitator spricht zu jugendlichen Arbeitern und Arbeiterinnen, die vor dem preußischen Abgeordnetenhause in Berlin eine Demonstration veranstalteten. (2)Die Reichskonferenz der Arbeiter- und Soldatenräte Deutschlands am 16. Dezember 1918 im preußischen Abgeordnetenhause in Berlin. (395) [Abb.]: Rückmarsch der Armee Mackensens durch Südungarn. (396 - 397) Wie entsteht ein Flugzeug? (396 - 397) [Abb.]: August Euler, der frühere erfolgreiche Flugzeugbauer, wurde als Unterstaatssekretär mit der Leitung des neugeschaffenen Reichsluftamtes betraut. (398) Ein Heimkehrender an die Kriegskameraden. (398) [6 Abb.]: (1)In einer Flugzeugfabrik: Verspannungsarbeiten an Gerippen von Tragflächen. (2)In einer Flugzeugfabrik: Prüfung des Höhensteuers auf seine Tragfähigkeit durch Belastung mit Sand. (3)In einer Propellerfabrik: Letztes Prüfen der fertigen Propeller vor dem Versand. (4)In einer Motorenfabrik: Prüfstand für Flugzeugmotoren, auf dem die Motoren vor dem Einbauen in die Flugzeuge einer tagelangen Prüfung unterzogen werden. Der Prüfstand ist mit einem Gitter umgeben, das absplitternde Propellerteile auffangen soll. (5)In einer Propellerfabrik: Anfertigung des Propellers aus einzelnen Holzblättern. (6)In einer Montagehalle einer Flugzeugfabrik: Einbau der Motoren in die Flugzeugrümpfe. ([399]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Eingang zu einem Soldatenheim in Berlin. (2)Das Innere des Soldatenheims in dem früheren Konzertkaffee "Eins A" in der Potsdamer Straße in Berlin. (400) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. Heft 226 (Heft 226) ([401]) [Abb.]: Ansprache des Reichstagsabgeordneten Ledebour von der Unabhängigen Sozialdemokratischen Partei an die Menschenmenge während der Waffenruhe beim Weihnachtsputsch in Berlin am 24. Dezember 1918. ([401]) [Abb.]: Beerdigung der bei den Weihnachtskämpfen um Schloß und Marstall in Berlin gefallenen Matrosen. (402) [4 Abb.]: Bilder vom Weihnachtsputsch in Berlin. (1)Der Haupteingang des Königlichen Schlosses in Berlin nach der Beschießung. (2)Marineposten vor dem Königlichen Schloßin Berlin nach den beendeten Kämpfen. (3)Der zerschossene Eingang des Königlichen Schlosses mit Blick in den Hof, in dem Maschinengewehre und ein Geschütz stehen. (4)Zerschossenes Zimmer im Südflügel des Königlichen Schlosses in Berlin mit einem Maschinengewehrstand am Fenster. ([403]) [5 Abb.]: (1)Wels, Stadtkommandant von Berlin, der bei dem Weihnachtsputsch in Berlin von den Matrosen gefangen gehalten wurde. (2)Volksbeauftragter Noske. (3)Volksbeauftragter Wissel. (4)Graf v. Brockdorff-Rantzau, Gesandter in Kopenhagen, wurde zum Staatssekretär des Äußern ernannt. (5)Die Riesendemonstration der Mehrheitssozialisten am 29. Dezember 1918 vor dem Reichstagsgebäude und dem Bismarckdenkmal in Berlin. (404) [Abb.]: Regierungstreue Sturmtruppen erstürmen am 24. Dezember 1918 unter Zuhilfenahme von Handgranaten den Eingang des von Matrosen und Spartakusleuten besetzten Königlichen Schlosses in Berlin ([405]) [3 Abb.]: (1)Dr. Franz Klein, früherer österreichischer Justizminister, wurde als Vorbereiter und Leiter der Friedensverhandlungen in den deutsch-österreichischen Staatsrat gewählt. (2)Professor Richard v. Moellendorf, Unterstaatssekretär im Reichswirtschaftsamt. (3)Dr. Georg Graf Arco, einer der Miterfinder der drahtlosen Telegraphie, wurde als unabhängiger Sozialdemokrat in das preußische Handelsministerium berufen. (406) [3 Abb.]: (1)Die Opfer der Unruhen in Posen werden in feierlichem Zuge zu Grabe getragen. (2)Die Kommandanten der polnischen Bürgerwehr von Posen mit dem Stadtkommandanten Maciaszek (X) bei einem Umzug durch die Stadt. (3)Maschinengewehr auf dem Balkon eines Privathauses in Posen. (407) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (407) Soldatenräte. (407) [Abb.]: Deutsche Kraftfahrerkolonne in Finnland. (408) [Abb.]: Abschiedsparade der letzten deutschen Truppen vor dem General Graf v. der Goltz auf dem Domplatz in Helsingfors. ([uncounted]) [Abb.]: Abzug deutscher Truppen aus Kurland. ([409]) Die Politik der Ukraine. (410) [Abb.]: Am Sonntagmorgen beim Tee in Linianka, einem Kosakendorf in der Nähe von Rostow. (410) [6 Abb.]: Bilder aus Charkow in der Ukraine. (1)Armenier und Kosak in einer Droschke. (2)Typisches russisches Gespann. (3)Russische Volkstypen. (4)Ein Landmädchen näht einem deutschen Soldaten einen Knopf an. (5)Die Kaiserlich Deutsche Kommandantur. (6)Blick auf die Stadt. ([411]) [Abb.]: Straßenkampf in Kiew: Bewaffnete Panzerautomobile säubern die Straße von Plünderern. (412 - 413) Die Franzosen in Elsaß-Lothringen. (414) [Abb.]: Französische Truppen des Marschalls Pétain ziehen am 25. November 1918 in Straßburg ein. (414) [2 Abb.]: (1)Französische Tirailleur-Soldaten bemalen deutsche Schilderhäuser in Mannheim mit den französischen Farben. (2)Lothringische Mädchen in Nationaltracht schließen sich den im Parademarsch vorbeiziehenden französischen Truppen beim Einzug in Metz an. (415) Die ersten Franzosentage im besetzten Rheingebiet. (416) [3 Abb.]: (1)Aufziehen einer französischen Wache in Trier vor dem Wahrzeichen der Moselstadt, der berühmten Porta nigra. (2)Französische Kavallerie-Patrouille in den Straßen von Mainz. (3)Französische militärische Kontrolle auf der Mannheimer Rheinbrücke. (416) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. Heft 227 (Heft 227) ([417]) [Abb.]: Demonstration der Kommunisten vor dem Ministerium des Äußern in München. ([417]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Poincaré, der Präsident Frankreichs, fährt mit seinem Gast, dem amerikanischen Präsidenten Wilson, durch die Straßen von Paris. (2)Die Ankunft Wilsons im Hafen von Brest. (418) [Abb.]: Von den Franzosen aus dem Elsaß ausgewiesene Deutsche überschreiten auf ihrer Flucht mit ihrer Habe die Rheinbrücke von Straßburg nach Kehl. (419) [Abb.]: Abzug der deutschen Truppen aus der Ukraine: Abmarsch aus Odessa. ([420 - 421]) [4 Abb.]: Die Engländer im Baltikum gegen die Bolschewisten. (1)Englische Matrosen mit Madsen-Maschinengewehren an der Spitze estnischer Truppen. (2)Estnische Truppen in Reval erwarten Instruktionen für den Gebrauch von Madsen-Maschinengewehren. (3)Im Unwetter an Bord des englischen Kriegschiffes "Caradoc": Vor der Beschießung der baltischen Küste. (4)Ein Geschütz des englischen Kriegschiffes "Caradoc" in Tätigkeit gegen die Bolschewisten in Estland. (423) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (424) Deutsche und englische Kommando verteidigen Riga gegen anrückende russische Bolschewiki. (424) [4 Abb.]: (1)Der Berliner Polizeipräsident Emil Eichhorn, der mit Gewalt seines Postens enthoben werden mußte. Nach seiner Flucht aus Berlin wurde er steckbrieflich verfolgt. (2)Der württembergische Oberst Walter Reinhardt, der neue Kriegsminister, zuletzt Leiter der Demobilmachungs-Abteilung im Preußischen Kriegsministerium. (3)Preußischer Minister Eugen Ernst, der neben seinen bisherigen Funktionen an Stelle des abgesetzten Spartakisten Eichhorn noch die Leitung des Berliner Polizeipräsidiums übernommen hat. (4)Artillerie in den Straßen Berlins. Die Mannschaften tragen ein Schild mit der Aufschrift "Halt! Wer weitergeht, wird erschossen!" und halten jeden Fußgänger und jedes Gefährt an, um die Waffenabgabe zu erzwingen. (424) [Abb.]: Aus den Berliner Revolutionstagen. Zusammenstoß von Demonstrationszügen vor dem Warenhaus Wertheim am Leipziger Platz in Berlin. ( - ) [Abb.]: Sturm der Regierungstruppen auf den von Spartakisten besetzten Schlesischen Bahnhof in Berlin am 13. Januar 1919. ([425]) [Abb.]: (1)Die Straßenpassanten in der Nähe des Mosseschen Hauses in Berlin bringen sich in Sicherheit, als von den Spartakisten Schüsse abgegeben werden. (2)Patrouille von Regierungstruppen mit Gewehr und Handgranaten in der Leipziger Straße in Berlin. (426) Neues Leben blüht aus den Ruinen! (426) [6 Abb.]: Von den Spartakusunruhen in Berlin. (1)Die von den Spartakisten errichteten Barrikaden aus Zeitungspapierrollen vor dem Mossehaus in der Schützenstraße. (2)Ein Maschinengewehr der Regierungstruppen bestreicht von dem erstürmten Vorwärtsgebäude aus die umliegenden Häuser. (3)Die Schießspuren am Mossehaus nach der Vertreibung der Spartakisten. (4)Die Vorderfront des Vorwärtsgebäudes in den Lindenstraße nach der Vertreibung der Spartakisten. (5)Wie es im Innern des Polizeipräsidiums nach der Vertreibung der Spartakisten aussah. (6)Wie die Spartakisten im Innern des Wolffschen Telegraphen-Büros hausten. ([427]) Die Einwirkung des Krieges auf die Erdoberfläche. (428 - 429) [Abb.]: Wiederaufbau im zerstörten Gebiet am Isonzo, wozu das Material aus dem Stellungskrieg ausgiebig mit benutzt wird. (428 - 429) Feldluftschiffer. (428 - 429) [3 Abb.]: Bei den deutschen Feldluftschiffern. (1)Oben: Fahrbare Telephonstation, die mit dem Beobachter im Ballon verbunden ist und die Meldungen nach rückwärts weitergibt. (2)Mitte: Prüfen des Ballonventils. (3)Unten: Besprechung mit dem Ballonbeobachter vor dem Aufstieg. Am Ballonkorb ist die Karte des Geländeabschnittes angebracht. (430) [3 Abb.]: Bei den deutschen Feldluftschiffern. (1)Oben: Der Beobachter im Ballonkorb schießt mit der Leuchtpistole ein Leuchtsignal nach der Erde zu ab. (2)Mitte: Flicken der verletzten Ballonhülle. (3)Unten: Der Ballon mit geöffnetem Entleerungsloch. (431) Enver Pascha. (431) [Abb.]: Enver Pascha spricht an der Bahre des Feldmarschalls v. der Goltz. (432) Sind Blindgänger dem Ackerbau gefährlich? (432) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. Heft 228 (Heft 228) ([433]) [Abb.]: Die Verhandlungen zwischen Staatssekretär Erzberger und Marschall Foch wegen Verlängerung des Waffenstillstandes im Salonwagen Fochs auf dem Bahnhof in Trier: Erzberger während seiner Rede. ([433]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Generalmajor Frhr. v. Hammerstein, der Nachfolger des Generalmajors v. Winterfeldt im Vorsitz der deutschen Waffenstillstandskommission. (2)Die Eröffnung der Friedenskonferenz im Ministerium des Auswärtigen am Quai d'Orsay in Paris. (434) [9 Abb.]: (1)Der schwedische Sozialistenführer Branting, dem in der Sozialistenzusammenkunft, die in Bern tagte, der Vorsitz übertragen wurde. (2)Dr. Karl Liebknecht, der Führer der Spartakisten, wurde nach seiner Verhaftung in Berlin erschossen, als er sich seiner Verurteilung durch die Flucht entziehen konnte. (3)Frau Rosa Luxemburg, die mit Liebknecht die "Rote Fahne" in Berlin herausgab, wurde nach ihrer Verhaftung von der wütenden Menge auf der Straße getötet. (4)Ledebour, unabhängiger Sozialdemokrat, wurde wegen seiner Verbindung mit dem Spartakusbunde in Schutzhaft genommen. (5)Thomas, der frühere französische Munitionsminister. (6)Seitz, einer der Präsidenten der prov. österr. Nationalversammlung. (7)Karl Radek, der in Berlin verhaftete russische Bolschewist. (8)Gompers, der amerikanische Gewerkschaftsführer. (9)Henderson, der frühere Arbeitervertreter in der englischen Regierung. (435) [7 Abb.]: Bilder von der Wahl zur deutschen Nationalversammlung. (1)Wahlplakat für die soziale Republik. (2)Plakate gegen den Bolschewismus. (3)Die Flut der Flugblätter am Wahltag in Berlin. (4)Wahlplakat an einem Berliner Straßenbahnwagen. (5)Mönche vor dem Wahllokal in München. (6)Barmherzige Schwestern vor dem Wahllokal in München. (7)Starke Wahlbeteiligung, auch der Frauen, in Berlin: das Anstehen vor dem Wahllokal. ([436]) [Abb.]: Verbrennung von Regierungsflugblättern und Wahlzetteln durch demonstrierende Spartakisten auf dem Augustusplatz in Leipzig. ([437]) [Abb.]: Nichtuniformierte Wachtposten in Wien. (438) [Abb.]: Vereidigung der Berliner Garde auf die Republik am 15. Januar 1919 durch den Kommandeur der Franzer (des Kaiser-Franz-Garde-Grenadierregiments), Spiro, der die Soldatenräte durch Handschlag verpflichtete, die ihrerseits die Vereidigung der ihnen unterstellten Mannschaften vornahmen. (439) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (439) Das Vordringen der Polen in Posen, Westpreußen und Schlesien. (439) [2 Abb.]: (1)Panzerkraftwagen in den Straßen Berlins zur Sicherung der Wahlen zur Nationalversammlung. (2)Die Wiederherstellung der Ruhe in Berlin. Einzug von Regierungstruppen. (439) [4 Abb.]: (1)Die Prinzeninseln Halki und Antigone im Marmarameer, wo die Verhandlungen zwischen Vertretern der Verbandsmächte und der russischen Bolschewisten stattfinen sollten. (2)Ignaz Padererwski, der bekannte Klavierspieler, wurde zum Präsidenten von Polen ausgerufen. (3)Truppen des deutschen Granzschutzes im Osten überschreiten die Netze auf einer Notbrücke, die an Stelle der von den Polen zerstörten Brücke gebaut wurde. (4)Ankunft einer Infanterieabteilung des deutschen Grenzschutzes im Osten zur Vertreibung der Polen aus der im Netzetal gelgenen Stadt Samotschin. (440) [Abb.]: In einem Wahllokal in Berlin während der Wahlen zur Nationalversammlung. ( - ) [Abb.]: Straßenkampf deutscher Grenzschutztruppen mit polnischen Aufrührern in Bentschen in der Provinz Polen. (441) Ein letzter Eindruck deutscher Macht. (442) [Abb.]: Schweizerisches Militär in Wien zum Schutze eines von der Schweiz kommenen Lebensmitteltransportes für die hungernde Bevölkerung Wiens. In der Mitte: der Kommandant Oberst Frey. Links: sein Unterkommandant Oberleutnant Schmeder. (442) [2 Abb.]: (1)Engländer in Wien. Gruppenbild der Offiziere. Von links nach rechts: 1. Hauptmann Rugman, 2. Leutnant Keeler, 3. ?, 4. Leutnant Parker, 5. Major Dibben, 6. Leutnant Iwench, 7. Leutnant Harwood, 8. Hauptmann Stevenson, 9. Leutnant Dowelen, 10. Hauptmann Williams. (2)Engländer vor dem Wiener Rathaus. (443) Pferdeversteigerung. (443) [Abb.]: Pferdeversteigerung zur Zeit der Demobilmachung in Deutschland. (444 - 445) Von der Ausrüstung der schweizerischen Armee. (444 - 445) [Abb.]: Die Demobilisierung der englischen Soldaten im Kristallpalast in London. Die Soldaten begeben sich in die Sammelhalle (1 und 2), entledigen sich ihrer Waffen (3), die geprüft werden (4), erhalten eine Friedensausstattung und eine Geldsumme (5 bis 9) und sind nach verschiedenen Eintragungen und Abstempelungen demobilisiert. (446) Bolschewismus und Preisgestaltung. (446) [6 Abb.]: Die Herstellung von Stahlhelmen für die schweizerische Armee. (1)Bearbeitung der Stahlhelme an der Ziehpresse. (2)Die fertig geformten Stahlhelme werden einzeln gehämmert. (3)Die erste Formgabe des Blechstückes in der Ziehpresse. (4)Weitere Stufen der Formbildung in der Ziehpresse. (5)Das Glühen und Härten der fertigen Stahlhelme im Ölbade unter Kontrolle eines Beamten. (6)Die Innenpolsterung der Stahlhelme mit Ledergarnituren. ([447]) Beschießung von Paris durch deutsche Ferngeschütze. (448) [Karte]: Plan von Paris mit Bezeichnung der Punkte, an denen die Geschosse der deutschen Langrohrgeschütze eingeschlagen haben. (448) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. Heft 229 (Heft 229) ([449]) [Abb.]: Eine Sitzung des Zentralrates der A.- und S.-Räte in Berlin, der als bisheriger Inhaber und Repräsentant der Souveränität im Reiche seine Befugnisse an die Nationalversammlung übergeben hat. Von links: Grzesinski, Struve, Faaß, Pfaff, Horter, Maier, Knoblauch, Heller, Herbert, Zwosta, Cohen (Vorsitzender), Lampl, Leinert (Vorsitzender), Waeger (Schriftführer), Schäfer (Kassierer), Kohl, König. ([449]) [Abb.]: Die nach Weimar bestimmten Zeitungspakete werden in ein Flugzeug der Deutschen Luftreedereigesellschaft befördert, das täglich zwischen Berlin und Weimar verkehrte. (450) [8 Abb.]: Die Eröffnung der Nationalversammlung in Weimar. (1)Berliner Schutzleute üben die Legitimationskontrolle der Abgeordneten aus. (2)Abgeordnete auf dem Wege zur Eröffnungssitzung. (3)Die Volksbeauftragten Scheidemann und Landsberg begeben sich zur Nationalversammlung. (4)Der Fraktionsvorstand der Deutschnationalen Volkspartei (sitzend von links nach rechts): Schulz, Graf Posadowsky, Margarete Behm, Dühringer; (stehend von links nach rechts): Schiele, Biener, Behrens, Vizepräsident Dietrich, Dr. Rösicke, Pfarrer Traub; (5)Vizepräsident Fehrenbach (links), begibt sich zur Eröffnungssitzung. (6)Die weiblichen Zentrumsmitglieder (vordere Reihe von links nach rechts): Helene Weber, Hedwig Drausfeld, Agnes Neuhaus, Maria Zettler; (hintere Reihe): Christine Teusch, Maria Schmitz. (7)Die weiblichen Abgeordneten der Mehrheitssozialisten (sitzend von links nach rechts): Anna Simon, Elfriede Ryneck, Frieda Hauke, Gertrud Lodahl, Else Höfs, Fraktionsvorstandsmitglied Marie Juchacz, Antonie Pfülf, Minna Bollmann; (stehend von links nach rechts): Johanna Reitze, Luise Schröder, Minna Eichler, Ernestine Lutze, Johanna Tesch, Elisabeth Röhl, Wilhelmine Kähler, Frieda Lührs, Anna Blos, Klara Bohm-Schuch, Minna Schilling. (8)Die vor dem Nationaltheater aufgestellte Ehrenkompanie. ([451]) [Abb.]: Eröffnung der Nationalversammlung im Nationaltheater in Weimar am 6. Februar 1919, nachmittags 3 1/4 Uhr. Friedrich Ebert hält als Volksbeauftragter die Eröffnungsrede. ([452 - 453]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Strandschloß in Kolberg, der Sitz des von Kassel nach Kolberg verlegten Großen Hauptquartiers. (2)Die deutsche Oberste Heeresleitung. (454) [Karte]: Karte zu den polnischen Ansprüchen auf deutsches Gebiet mit der im Waffenstillstandsvertrag vereinbarten Demarkationslinie zwischen Deutschen und Polen. (455) [2 Abb.]: (1)Im Werbebüro des ersten Landesschützenkorps. Freiwillige lassen sich anwerben. (2)Vor einem Berliner Werbebüro für den Ostmarkenschutz. (455) [Abb.]: Zu den Vorgängen in Bremen. Oberst v. Gerstenberg, Führer der Division Gerstenberg. (456) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (456) Ein letzter Eindruck deutscher Macht. (456) [Abb.]: Ein Werbeoffizier fordert auf den Straßen Berlins zum Eintritt in die Grenzwehr gegen den Feind im Osten auf. ( - ) [Abb.]: Einzug der Division Gerstenberg in Bremen. ([457]) [Abb.]: Flur in der Tausendmann-Kaserne in Wilhelmshaven nach dem Kampf mit Spartakusleuten in der Nacht zum 28. Januar 1919. (458) [3 Abb.]: (1)Freiwillige für Bremen ziehen vor das Rathaus in Hamburg. (2)Zur Besetzung der Kaserne des 20. Fußartillerieregiments in Bahrenfeld-Hamburg. Der Eingang zur Kaserne. (3)Zur Bewaffnung der Zivilbevölkerung in Hamburg. (459) Eröffnung der Nationalversammlung in Weimar. (460 - 461) Englischer Verwundeten- und Gefangenentransport verläßt Swinemünde. (460 - 461) [Abb.]: Der englische 9000-Tonnen-Dampfer "Formosa" verläßt mit einem größeren Transport englischer Verwundeter den Hafen von Swinemünde. (460 - 461) Männer des Tages. (462) [3 Abb.]: (1)Konteradmiral Adolf v. Trotha, Chef des Admiralstabs im Reichsmarineamt. (2)Legationsrat Dr. Töpfer, ein Stettiner Kaufmann, wurde als kaufmännischer Helfer aus dem Wirtschaftsleben für die Durchführung der Reform des deutschen Auslanddienstes zum Unterstaatssekretär im Auswärtigen Amt ernannt. (3)Tost, der neue Vorsitzende des Marineausschusses in Berlin. (462) Die Frau in der Nationalversammlung. (462) [8 Abb.]: (1)Anna Blos, Sozialdemokratische Partei. (2)Klara Bohm-Schuch, Sozialdemokratische Partei. (3)Marie Juchacz, Sozialdemokratische Partei. (4)Frau Elfriede Ryneck. (5)Fräulein Dr. Gertrud Bäumer, Deutsche Demokratische Partei. (6)Margarete Behm, Deutschnationale Volkspartei. (7)Fräulein v. Gierke, Deutschnationale Volkspartei. (8)Frau Luise Zietz, Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei. (463) Wiesbaden zur Franzosenzeit. (463) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Franzosen in Wiesbaden. Aufziehen der Wache vor dem früheren Kgl. Schloß, dem Sitz des französischen Kommandanten von Wiesbaden. (2)Die Franzosen in Wiesbaden. Antreten vor dem Rathaus. (464) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. Heft 230 (Heft 230) ([465]) [Abb.]: Die erste Sitzung des neuen deutschen Kabinetts unter dem Vorsitz des Ministerpräsidenten Scheidemann im Schloß zu Weimar. ([465]) [Abb.]: Sklavenarbeit der von Frankreich gegen Recht und Menschlichkeit zurückgehaltenen kriegsgefangenen Deutschen bei der Straßenwiederherstellung unter englischer Aufsicht im zerstörten französischen Gebiet. (466) [2 Abb.]: (1)Barnes, der Vertreter Englands, spricht in der Vollsitzung der Friedenskonferenz in Paris am 14. Februar 1919. (2)Der französische Minister Léon Bourgeois spricht in der Vollführung der Friedenskonferenz in Paris am 14. Februar 1919 über Völkerbundsfragen. (467) [Abb.]: Abtransport kriegsgefangener Russen, Rumänen und Südslawen auf der Donau bei Regensburg. (468 - 469) [Karte]: Karte des Saargebiets. (470) [Abb.]: Verhaftung des Attentäters Emilie Cottin, der auf den französischen Ministerpräsidenten Clemenceau einen Schuß abgab. (470) [4 Abb.]: Der Streik in Glasgow. (1)Transportwagen mit bewaffneter Begleitmannschaft in Glasgow. (2)Militärische Bewachung einer eisenbahnbrücke über den Clyde. (3)Der Prügel in Tätigkeit: Der Streikführer Galagher wird verhaftet. (4)Barrikade in einer Straße von Glasgow. (471) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (471) Die Blockade der Ostsee durch die Verbandsmächte. (471) Friedrich Ebert. (472) [2 Abb.]: Die Streik- und Spartakusbewegung im Ruhrgebiet. (1)Biwak der Regierungstruppen vor dem beschädigten Rathaus in Bottrop nach der Vertreibung der Spartakisten. (2)Verhaftung des Spartakistenführers Fuldzennek in Bottroß, der später im Handgemenge erschossen wurde. (472) [Abb.]: Die englische Blockade in der Ostsee: Das zwischen Saßnitz und Trelleborg verkehrende Fährschiff wird von einem englischen Zerstörer untersucht. ( - ) [Abb.]: Deutsche Sicherheitswehr verhindert die von streikenden Arbeitern beabsichte Zerstörung von Kohlengrubenanlagen. ([473]) [Karte]: Das neue Deutschland nach Anschluß Deutsch-Österreichs. (474) [Abb.]: Der deutschösterreichische Staatssekretär des Äußern Dr. Otto Bauer im Zuge Wien-Weimar. (474) [2 Abb.]: (1)Wahlsiegfeier der Sozialisten vor dem Parlamentsgebäude in Wien. Von links nach rechts: Abgeordnete Therese Schlesinger, Unterstaatssekretär Dr. Deutsch, Präsident der Nationalversammlung Dr. Seitz, Dr. Fritz Adler, Unterstaatssekretär Glöckel, Abgeordneter Sever und Offiziere der Volkswehr. (2)Kundgebung für den Anschluß Deutsch-Österreichs in Wien am 2. Februar 1919. Staatssekretär Dr. Bauer spricht für den Anschluß an Deutschland. (475) Der Zusammenbruch der ottomanischen Armee in Palästina und die Katastrophe von Damaskus. (475) [Abb.]: Ankunft der deutschen Truppen aus Asien in Haidar Pascha (Konstantinopel) und Empfang durch den Marschall Liman v. Sanders. (476 - 477) Bolschewisten und Spartakisten. (478) [2 Abb.]: (1)Antibolschewistisches Plakat: Trümmer oder Aufbau? (2)Antibolschewistisches Plakat: Deutschlands ideale Zukunft unter der Herrschaft des Bolschewisten. (478) [2 Abb.]: (1)Antibolschewistisches Plakat in den Straßen Berlins: Bolschewismus heißt die Welt im Blut ersäufen. (2)Antibolschewistisches Plakat: Bolschewismus bringt Krieg, Arbeitslosigkeit und Hungersnot. (479) Übergang der letzten deutschen Truppen über die Donau. (479) [Abb.]: Die letzten deutschen Truppen überschreiten die Donau bei Belgrad auf der Schiffbrücke nach Semlin. Gesehen vom serbischen Ufer. Im Hintergrunde die Eisenbahnbrücke. (480) [Abb.]: Begrüßung der heimgekehrten ostafrikanischen Heldenschar am 3. März 1919 am Pariser Platz in Berlin. Die Reiter, von links nach rechts: Gouverneur Dr. Schnee, Major Kraut, Generalleutnant z.D. Wahle, Generalmajor v. Lettow-Vorbeck, Kapitän z.S. Loof, Kommandant der "Königsberg"; neben v. Lettow-Vorbeck stehend: Oberleutnant d. Res. v. Rucktäschell. Auf der Tribüne hält die Begrüßungsrede der Reichskolonialminister Dr. Bell. Links von ihm: Vizeadmiral Rogge, Staatssekretär des Reichsmarineamtes; rechts: Kriegsminister Oberst Reinhardt, Dr. Reicke, Bürgermeister von Berlin, Major Strümpell vom Kommando der Schutztruppen, Dr. Solf, Staatssekretär a.D., Oberleutnant v. Hepke vom Kommando der Schutztruppen. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. Heft 231 (Heft 231) ([481]) [4 Abb.]: (1)Dr. Adolf Müller, bayrischer Gesandter in Bern, (2)Dr. Karl Melchior, Hamburg, (3)Professor Dr. Schücking, Marburg, wurden zusammen mit dem Grafen v. Brockdorff-Rantzau, Reichsminister Dr. Eduard David und Reichsminister Giesberts von der deutschen Regierung als Unterhändler zu den Friedensverhandlungen entsandt. (4)General v. Lettow-Vorbeck mit Gouverneur Dr. Schnee und seiner ostafrikanischen Heldenschar nach ihrer Ankunft in Berlin. ([481]) [3 Abb.]: (1)Oberes Bild: Inneres eines von den Spartakisten völlig ausgeplünderten Warenhauses in Halle. (2)Mittleres Bild: Waffenkammer im Stadthaus von Hamburg, woselbst die Zivilpersonen Hamburgs ihre Waffen abgeben mußten. (3)Unteres Bild: Den Spartakisten in Halle wieder abgenommene Silbersachen und anderes Diebesgut. (482) [5 Abb.]: Die Märzunruhen in Berlin. (1)Die zur Vertreibung der Spartakisten anrückende Volkswehr mit Tank und Panzerwagen. Die Soldaten sind mit Gewehren, Handgranaten und Flammenwerfern ausgerüstet. (2)Auf dem Alexanderplatz aufgestellter Minenwerfer, mit dem 2 1/2-Zentner-Minen gegen die von den Spartakisten besetzten Häuser abgeschossen wurden. Im Hintergrunde links das völlig ausgeplünderte Warenhaus Tietz. (3)Ein Bild der Verheerung: Haus in der Alten Schützenstraße beim Alexanderplatz, in der heftige Kämpfe stattfanden. (4)Die durch Plünderung von seiten der Spartakisten und Beschießung mittels schwerer Minen stark beschädigten Wohnhaus am Alexanderplatz, an der Ecke der Alexander- und Prenzlauer Straße. (5)Meuterer der Republikanischen Soldatenwehr, die sich zum Teil mit den Spartakisten vereinigte. Um Überfälle auf die Begleitmannschaft zu verhindern, müssen die Gefangenen mit erhobenen Händen marschieren. (483) [Abb.]: Bayrischer Posten als Grenzschutz an der böhmischen Grenze bei der Paßkontrolle. Unmittelbar hinter dem Grenzpfahl mit dem bayrischen Wappen steht die Grenzhütte der Tschechen. (484) [Abb.]: Sprengung einer Spartakistenansammlung auf der Theresienwiese in München. ([485]) [Abb.]: Die Eröffnung der deutschösterreichischen Nationalversammlung am 4. März 1919 im Parlamentsgebäude in Wien. (486) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (487) Über den Bevölkerungsausfall in Deutschland und in Frankreich infolge des Krieges. (487) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die neue Uniform der tschechoslowakischen Offiziere. Tuchaufschläge mit Silberstreifen und Nummern an der Mütze und am Rockkragen. In der Mütze außerdem eine grüne Kokarde mit den in Silber gestickten buchstaben "RCS". (2)Demonstration in Wien für den Anschluß Westungarns an Deutsch-Österreich. (487) Rettung eines Kaiserschützenoberleutnants aus gefährlicher Lage im Adamellogebiet. (488) [Abb.]: Rettung eines Kaiserschützenoberleutnants durch eine Patrouille im Adamellogebiet. (488) [Abb.]: Ankunft der deutschen Orientkämpfer mit dem Dampfer "Patmos" in Hamburg. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. Heft 232 (Heft 232) ([489]) [Abb.]: Marschall Foch beim Viererrat. ([489]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Zur Auslieferung der deutschen Handelsflotte. Ein deutsches Schiff mit dem von den Verbandsmächten vorgeschriebenen Zeichen, das alte deutsche Schiffe tragen müssen, die für den guten Willen des Verbandes, Deutschland Lebensmittel zukommen zu lassen, ausgeliefert werden müssen. (2)Schwere deutsche Lokomotiven verlassen die Heimat auf der Fahrt zur Übergabe an die Verbandsmächte. (490) [2 Abb.]: Straßenumzug vor der Reichskanzlei in Berlin im Anschluß an eine Massenkundgebung gegen die Zerstückelung Deutschlands am 23. März 1919. (1)Die Spitze des Zuges. (2)Einige der zahlreichen Plakatträger. (491) [3 Abb.]: (1)Polnische Generale und Vertreter der Verbündeten bei der Truppenschau in Posen am 2. März 1919. (2)Polnische Ulaneneskadron vor dem alten Schloß in Posen. (3)Polnische Artillerie vor den Vertretern der Verbündeten. (492) [Abb.]: Einbringen polnischer Gefangener in ein westpreußisches Städtchen durch Truppen des deutschen Grenzschutzes. ([493]) [Abb.]: Der bolschewistische Kriegskommissar und Schöpfer der "Roten Armee" in Rußland, Trotzki, schreitet mit seinem Generalstab in Moskau die Front eines lettischen Regiments, der Kerntruppe der Roten Garde, ab. (494) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (494) Die Menschenverluste im Weltkrieg. (494) [Abb.]: Kampf mit bolschewistischen Banden in Kurland. ([495]) [Abb.]: In Hamburg ausgeladenes amerikanisches Weizenmehl für die tschechoslowakische Republik. (496) Erinnerungsmarken an die Nationalversammlung. (496) [3 Abb.]: Preisgekrönte Entwürfe für die Freimarken zur Erinnerung an die Nationalversammlung. (1)Entwurf von Ernst Böhm, Charlottenburg, zur Ausführung als 15-Pf-Marke vorgesehen. (2)Georg A. Mather, Berlin, zur Ausführung als 25-Pf-Marke vorgesehen. (3)Hugo Frank, Stuttgart, zur Ausführung als 10-Pf-Marke vorgesehen. (496) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. Heft 233 (Heft 233) ([497]) [Abb.]: Abreise der deutschen Friedensabgeordneten vom Potsdamer Bahnhof in Berlin nach Paris. X Graf Brockdorff-Rantzau im Gespräch mit Mitgliedern der Abordnung kurz vor der Abfahrt. ([497]) [5 Abb.]: Der Kommunistenaufstand in Würzburg. (1)Die Ausrufung der bayrischen Räterepublik durch den Russen Weibel am 7. April 1919. (2)Der Sächsiche Kriegsminister Neuring, der von einer Horde Kommunisten in die Elbe geworfen und erschossen wurde. (3)Der bayrische Oberst Ritter v. Epp, Führer eines Freikorps zum Schutze der Heimat gegen bolschewistische Umsturzbewegungen. (4)General Haas, Führer der von Bayern zu Hilfe gerufenen württembergischen Freiwilligen-Abteilung, die Augsburg besetzte. (5)Der bayrische Ministerpräsident Johannes Hoffmann, der anläßlich der Unruhen in München mit der Regierung nach Bamberg übersiedelte. (498) [2 Abb.]: (1)Regierungstruppen in Augsburg nach Einnahme der Stadt. (2)Regierungstruppen durchsuchen bei Nacht eine verdächtige Wohnung nach Waffen. (499) [Abb.]: Wider den Bolschewismus. (500 - 501) Illustrierte Kriegsberichte. (502) Heimkehrende Flüchtlinge werden in Rovreit von österreichischer Mannschaft gespeist. (502) [Abb.]: Vom Durchzug der unter General Haller stehenden polnischen Armee durch Deutschland. Polnische und französische Offiziere auf dem Bahnhof von Sangershausen. (502) Die Schreckensherrschaft der Bolschewisten in den baltischen Landen. (502) [Abb.]: Auf der Wacht gegen die Polen: Ein verdächtiges Haus wird bewacht und durchsucht. (502) [Abb.]: Die neue deutschösterreichische Regierung. Von links nach rechts, stehend: Staatssekretär Wilhelm Miklas, Kultus; Schriftführer Sekretariatsrat Hericky; Dr. Joseph Schumpeter, Finanzen; Unterstaatssekretär Dr. Erwin Waiß, Heerwesen; Ludwig Paul, Verkehrswesen; Ingenieur Johann Zerdick, Industrie; Staatssekretär Dr. Otto Bauer, Äußeres; Schriftleiter Ministerialrat Dr. Fenz; Staatssekretär Dr. Loewenfeld-Ruß, Volksernährung; Sitzend: Staatssekretär Dr. Julius Deutsch, Heerwesen; Staatssekretär Richard v. Bratusch, Justiz; Staatssekretär Otto Glöckel, Unterricht; Staatskanzler Karl Renner, Staatssekretär Ferdinand Hanusch, Sozialverwaltung; Staatssekretär Dr. Wilhelm Ellenbogen, Handel. (503) Die Franzosen in der Pfalz. (503) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Besatzung des siegreichen deutschen Panzerzuges, dessen Eingreifen an der Bolschewistenfront die Einwohner Schaulens vor der Schreckensherrschaft bewahrte. (2)Die Schreckensherrschaft der Bolschewisten: Im estnischen Wesenberg getötete Opfer. (504) [Abb.]: Heimkehrende Südtiroler Flüchtlinge werden in Rovreit von den österreichischen Feldküchen gespeist. ( - ) Die Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. Heft 234 (Heft 234) ([505]) [Abb.]: Ankunft der deutschen Friedensabordnung in Vaucresson am 29. April 1919, von wo aus sich die deutschen Delegierten im Kraftwagen nach Versailles begaben. ([505]) [Karte]: Die Gebietsabtretungen, die von Deutschland in dem am 7. Mai 1919 überreichten Friedensvertragsentwurf gefordert wurden. (506) [Karte]: Deutsch-Österreich im Vertrags-Entwurf der Entente. (507) [Abb.]: Die Delegierten Deutsch-Österreichs für St. Germain. (507) [Abb.]: Die Übergabe des Friedensvertragsentwurfs der Verbandsmächte an die deutsche Abordnung im Trianon-Palast-Hotel zu Versailles am 7. Mai 1919. (508 - 509) [Abb.]: General Märker (X) bei der Besetzung Leipzigs durch die Regierungstruppen. (510) [7 Abb.]: (1)Die Befreiung Münchens am 1. Mai 1919. Einmarsch der Gardeschützendivision durch die Ludwigstraße. (2)Von der Heerschau der Münchener Arbeiterwehr am 22. April 1919, Bewaffnete Arbeiter ziehen während des Generalstreiks durch die Ludwigstraße. (3)Der Höchstkommandierende der Roten Armee Egelhofer (X) im Umzuge der Arbeiter und Soldatenwehr in München während der Räteherrschaft. (4)Eine Barrikade in den Straßen Münchens. (5)Bewaffnete Münchener Bürger und Arbeiter führen nach der Befreiung der Stadt durch Regierungstruppen gefangene Rotgardisten ab. (6)Vorbeimarsch preußischer Artillerie vor General v. Oven nach der Befreiung Münchens. (7)Das Werdenfelser Freikorps, bestehend aus Bauern und Arbeitern, die zum Teil in ihres Landestracht zur Befreiung Münchens gekommen waren. ([511]) [Abb.]: Der Ministerpräsident Philipp Scheidemann protestiert in der in die Aula der Berliner Universität einberufenen deutschen Nationalversammlung am 12. Mai 1919 gegen die im Friedensvertragsentwurf der Feinde niedergelegten Gewaltforderungen. (512) [Register]: Register zu Band I-IX der Illustrierten Geschichte des Weltkrieges 1914/19. ([I]) A ([I]) B (II) C (V) D (VII) E (VIII) F (IX) G (X) H (XI) I (XI) J (XIII) K (XIV) L (XVI) M (XVIII) N (XX) O (XXI) P (XXII) Q (XXIII) R (XXIV) S (XXV) T (XXVIII) U (XXX) V (XXX) W (XXXI) X, Y (XXXII) Z (XXXII) Nachtrag. (XXXIII) A - O (XXXIII) P (XXXIII) R - Z (XXXIV) Einband ( - ) Einband ( - )

Consists of thesaurus used in indexing the public papers of Leonor K. Sullivan, housed in the Saint Louis University School of Law Library. ; SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSDY GE JK1323 1952 .S34 1989 c.3 THE HONORABLE Leo nor K. (Mrs. John B.) Sullivan A Guide to the Collection St. Louis University Law Library Saint Louis University Schoo( of Law 3700 Lirufeff B(vd., St. Louis, MO 63108 LEONOR K. SULLIVAN 1902-1988 A Guide to the Collection Researched and prepared by: Joanne C. Vogel Carol L. Moody Loretta Matt LAW LIBRARY ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY 3700 LINDtLL BLVD. ST. LOUIS, MO 63108 Copyright 1989 Saint Louis University Law Library 00 ' ()) THE HONORABLE LEONOR K. SULLIVAN 1902-1988 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Portrait of Leonor K. Sullivan II. Biography III. Sullivan Plaques and Awards IV. The Leonor K. Sullivan Collection V. List of Subject Headings LEONOR K. SULLIVAN Leonor K. Sullivan, the first woman from Missouri to serve in the United States House of Representatives, was born Leonor Alice Kretzer, August 21, 1902, in St. Louis. She attended public and private schools in St. Louis, including Washington University. Prior to her marriage, Mrs. Sullivan pursued a business career and eventually became the director of the St. Louis Comptometer School. She married Missouri Congressman John B. Sullivan on December 27, 1941, and served as his administrative assistant and campaign manager until his death in January, 1951. Following her husband's death, Mrs. Sullivan unsuccessfully attempted to win the local Democratic party's nomination to succeed Congressman Sullivan in the special election. The seat was lost to a Republican candidate. In 1952, Leonor K. Sullivan running on her own, without party support, defeated six opponents in the primary election to become the Democratic nominee for the Third Congressional District. In the general election, she defeated her Republican opponent and recaptured the seat once held by her husband. Mrs. Sullivan represented the Third Congressional District until her retirement in 1976. While in Congress, Leonor K. Sullivan was known as a champion of consumer issues and she had a key role in enacting legislation to improve the quality of food. The Poultry Inspection Law and the Food Additives Act are just two of her important triumphs. As chairman of the Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs of the House Committee on Banking and Currency, Mrs. Sullivan was responsible for the Consumer Credit Protection Act of 1968, which included the Truth in Lending Act, and the Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1970. Mrs. Sullivan also authored the original food stamp plan to distribute government surplus food to the needy and she worked to solve the housing problems in our cities. At the time of her retirement, she was the senior member of the House Committee on Banking, Currency, and Housing. She was a member of the National Commission on Food Marketing, 1964-66; the National Commission on Mortgage Interest Rates, 1969; the National Commission on Consumer Finance, 1969-72; and she helped found the Consumer Federation of America in 1966. Mrs. Sullivan served as chairman of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Her support of the American Merchant Marine earned her the American Maritime Industry's Admiral of the Ocean Seas Award (AOTOS) in 1973. The men and women who served in the Coast Guard and the Merchant Marine continuously honored Mrs. Sullivan for her support, understanding, and dedication. Always active in waterways projects, she fought to allow the 51 year old DELTA QUEEN to continue as an overnight excursion vessel. Mrs. Sullivan's work as chairman of the Subcommittee on Panama was especially important as she became involved with the political, economic, and social challenges of the Canal Zone and the people who lived and worked there. Leonor K. Sullivan worked hard for St. Louis. She sponsored legislation to fund the development of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial on the St. Louis Riverfront, to keep St. Louis a well managed port city on the Mississippi trade route, and to preserve the buildings so important to the history and heritage of St. Louis. Wharf Street has been renamed Leonor K. Sullivan Boulevard to honor her support of the Gateway Arch project and the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. Following her retirement, Mrs. Sullivan returned to her river bluff home which overlooked the Mississippi River. She remained active in civic affairs, serving on numerous boards and committees. She became a director of Southwest Bank, chairman of the Consumer Advisory Council to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, a member of the Board of Directors of Downtown St. Louis, Inc., a member of the Lay Advisory Board of Mount St. Rose Hospital and Rehabilitation Center, and she sponsored a consumer award program through the Better Business Bureau. Mrs. Sullivan was always in demand as a featured speaker at business, educational, and social functions. In 1980, Mrs. Sullivan married Russell L. Archibald, a retired vice president of the American Furnace Company. Mr. Archibald died March 19, 1987. Leonor K. Sullivan died, in St. Louis, on September 1, 1988. SULLIVAN PLAQUES AND AWARDS The Sullivan Collection includes many awards, citations, plaques, letters of recogn1tlon, pictures, and other memorabilia. During her career, Mrs. Sullivan received over 200 awards, some of which are permanently displayed in the Law Library. 1. Missouri State Labor Council, AFL-CIO - a proclamation designating Leonor K. Sullivan as organized labor's First Lady. Presented September 8, 1976. 2. Robert L. Hague Merchant Marine Industries Post #1242 - Distinguished Service Citation for Mrs. Sullivan's work as Chairman of the House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee. 3. Oceanographer of the Navy - presented by RADM J. Edward Snyder, Jr., USN, Special Assistant to the Under Secretary or the Navy. 4. Panama Canal Gavel - made from one of the original beams of the Governor's House, the gavel was presented to Mrs. Sullivan by Governor W. E. Potter as a "token of appreciation for demonstrated interest in the Panama Canal and the Canal Zone Government." 5. Consulting Engineers Council of Missouri - expresses appreciation for Mrs. Sullivan's concern and understanding of the role of the consulting engineer. 6. St. Louis Democratic City Central Committee - Special Award recognizes Leonor K. Sullivan's "dedicated service to the people of Missouri, the United States of America, and the Democratic Party . ," presented September, 19, 1976. 7. Consumer Federation of America - CFA Distinguished Public Service Award, June 14, 1972. 8. Reserve Officers' Association, Missouri - President's Award recognizing Mrs. Sullivan's service to the nation during her 24 years in Congress. 9. American Waterway Operators, Inc. - recognizes Mrs. Sullivan's " . Instrumental Role in the Development of the Inland Waterways of the United States." I 0. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, St. Louis Section - 1976 Civic A ward for Outstanding Contributions to Communities and Nation during 24 years in the House of Representatives, May 11, 1976. 11. Federal Land Banks 50th Anniversary Medal - " . awarded in 1967, to Leon or K. Sullivan for outstanding contributions to American Agriculture." 12. St. Louis Board of Aldermen - Resolution #101 (March 12,1976) honoring Mrs. Sullivan for her 24 years in Congress. 13. Human Development Corporation of Metropolitan St. Louis - Certificate of Recognition, September 29, 1978. 14. Older Adults Special Issues Society (OASIS) - Confers honorary membership upon Leonor K. Sullivan, August 22, 1974. 15. National Health Federation - Humanitarian Award, October 11, 1958 - especially recognizes Mrs. Sullivan's efforts for protective legislation against injurious additives in food and beverages. 16. U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York - an award presented to Mrs. Sullivan by the Alumni of Kings Point. 17. American Numismatic Association - a 1972 award presented to Mrs. Sullivan for her generous support. 18. Official Hull Dedication for New Steamboat - replica of the dedication plaque unveiled by Mrs. Sullivan in Jeffersonville, Indiana, November 11, 1972. Hull 2999 was the official designation of the new passenger riverboat being built for the Delta Queen Steamboat Company. The dedication also recognized Leonor K. Sullivan's successful legislative efforts on behalf of the DELTA QUEEN. 19. Jewish War Veterans of the United States, Department of Missouri - 1963 Americanism Award for "her unselfish devotion and untiring efforts on behalf of all Missourians regardless of race or creed." 20. National Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association, AFL-CIO - recognizes Mrs. Sullivan's service and support of the U.S. Merchant Marine, February 26, 1975. 21. Child Day Care Association - 1973 award for sponsoring child welfare legislation. 22. St. Louis Democratic City Central Committee - 1973 Harry S. Truman Award. 23. Seal of the Canal Zone Isthmus of Panama - a wooden copy of the Seal "presented in appreciation to Hon. Leonor K. Sullivan . " Canal Zone; Masters, Mates, and Pilots Association; National Maritime Union; Central Labor Union; Joint Labor Committee, 1969. 24. Atlantic Offshore Fish and Lobster Association - recognizes Leonor K. Sullivan's efforts to preserve and protect the Northwest Atlantic Fishing Industry, June, 1973. 25. Photographic portrait of President and Mrs. Johnson inscribed to Leonor K. Sullivan. 26. Photographic portrait of Lyndon Johnson inscribed to Leonor Sullivan. 27. Photographic portrait of Hubert H. Humphrey inscribed to Congressman (sic) Leonor K. Sullivan 28. H.R. I 0222 - Food Stamp Act of 1964 - first page of the engrossed copy of the bill, signed by John McCormack, Speaker of the House. 29. St. Louis University School of Law - Dedication of the New Law School, October 17-18, 1980 - recognizes Mrs. Sullivan's leadership gift. 30. West Side Baptist Church Meritorious Achievement Award, 1974. 31. Inaugural visit to St. Louis of the MISSISSIPPI QUEEN, July 29, 1978. 32. Gold-framed reproduction of a portrait of Mrs. Sullivan which hangs in the Longworth House Office Building. 33. Flora Place Association, November 4, 1976 - an award recognizing Mrs. Sullivan's 24 years in Congress. 34. St. Louis Police Relief Association, July 24, 1974. 35. St. Louis Argus Distinguished Citizen's Award, 1978. 36. George M. Khoury Memorial Award- "Woman of the Year," February 2, 1974. 37. Distinguished Service to the United States Coast Guard, February, 1976. 38. National Association of Mutual Insurance Agents - Federal Woman of the Year, October 12, 1974. 39. Chief Petty Officers Association, United States Coast Guard - Keynote speaker at Sixth Annual Convention, October 7-12, 1974, in St. Louis, MO. 40. Home Builders Association - Distinguished Service A ward, November 7, 1970. 41. Young Democrats of St. Louis - Distinguished Service Award, 1964. 42. Bicentennial Year Award, 1976 - a Waterford crystal bell and base presented to Mrs. Sullivan during the nation's Bicentennial. 43. Cardinal Newman College - Mrs. Sullivan's Cardinal Newman College Associates membership certificate presented during her tenure as Chairman, Board of Trustees, November 3, 1981. THE LEO NOR K. SULLIVAN COLLECTION Before her retirement, Leonor K. Sullivan made arrangements to donate her congress ional papers, correspondence, and memorabilia to St. Louis University Law Library. Mrs. Sullivan chose St. Louis University Law Library because her husband, Congressman John B. Sullivan (1897 -1951 ), was a graduate of the law school, having received his LL. B. degree in 1922, and his LL. M. degree in 1923. In 1965, Mrs. Sullivan founded a scholarship at St. Louis University for young women interested in studying political science. The collection covers Mrs. Sullivan's 24 years in the U.S. House of Representatives and is arranged according to her own subject headings. In this way, the materials provide insight into the way her office files and correspondence were organized. Mrs. Sullivan was known as one of the hardest working members of Congress and the wealth of materials in her collection attests to this. She had a tremendous concern for the average American family and much of her work dealt with their needs. Mrs. Sullivan often said the · best legislative ideas came from constituents, so she read every letter ever sent to her. Not only did she learn how the voters felt about current issues, but where there were problems which needed to be current issues. Papers from Leonor K. Sullivan's years as a member of the House Merchant Marine Committee and the Banking and Currency Committee provide background information for much of the legislation proposed during the period. Mrs. Sullivan was known as a consumer advocate long before such a position was popular and her efforts to improve the quality of food, drugs, and cosmetics are well documented. Materials are also available on Mrs. Sullivan's struggle for credit protection for the consumer, truth-in-lending, and fair credit reporting. Mrs. Sullivan was a strong supporter of the American Merchant Marine, the U.S. supervision of the Panama Canal, and the development of America's inland waterways. Her collection includes in-depth information on all these areas. Local St. Louis concerns are well represented in Leonor K. Sullivan's papers. She spent untold hours on the development of the Gateway Arch, the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, and the port of St. Louis. She worked hard to maintain and increase the river traffic which is so important to St. Louis. After her retirement, Mrs. Sullivan continued to receive letters from former constituents and friends. She was active in civic affairs and her opinion on current issues was frequently solicited. The collection includes newspaper clippings, letters, and personal materials from this post-retirement period. Persons interested in using the Leonor K. Sullivan Collection should contact Joanne C. Vogel or Eileen H. Searls at St. Louis University Law Library, (314)658-2755. Written requests for information may be sent to: St. Louis University Law Library Leonor K. Sullivan Collection 3700 Lindell Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63108 Arthritis Research Arts Arts and Humanities see also Grants--National Endowment for the Arts Grants-- National Endowment for the Humanities Assassination of John F . Kennedy see Kennedy, John F. - -Assassination Assassinations--Select Committee to Investigate see Select Committee to Investigate Assassinations Atlantic Convention Atlantic Union Atomic Accelerator Laboratory Atomic Bomb--Fallout Shelter see a/ SO Nuclear Weapons-- Radioactive Fallout Atomic Energy see also Nuclear Energy Nuclear Weapons Auto Inspection Safety Auto Insurance Auto Insurance and Compensation Study Automotive Industry Automotive Transport Research and Development Act Aviation see a/ SO Airlines, Airport and Airway B-1 Program Development Act Airports Civil Aeronautics Board Concorde Supersonic Tra nsport Federal Aviation Administration Banking and Currency Committee Banking and Currency Committee-- Aluminum Penny Bill Banking and Currency Committee--Area Redevelopment Program Banking and Currency Committee Failures see a/so Independent Bankers Association of America Banking and Currency Committee- -Bank Holdings Company Act see a/so Banking and Currency Committee-­Citicorp Banking and Currency Committee--Bank Holding Company Issues Banking and Currency Committee--Bank Lobbying Banking and Currency Committee--Bank Mergers 83nking and Currency Committee- -Bank Protection Act of 1968 Banking and Currency Committee- -Bank Safety Regulations Banking and Currency Committee--Bank Security Measures Banking and Currency Committee--Banking Act of 1965 Banking and Currency Committee -- B a nk i11~ Changes Banking and Currency Committee- ­Bankruptcy B:mking and Currency Committee--Taxation Banking and Currency Committee--Trust Activities Ban king and Currency Committee-- Certificates of Deposit Banking and Currency Committee--Citicorp see also Bank Holding Company Banking and Currency Committee-- Committee Business Banking and Currency Committee-­Committee Notices Banking and Currency Committee-- Conferee Banking and Currency Committee-­Congressional Record Entries Banking and Currency Committee-­Consumer Credit see also National Commission on Consumer Finance Banking and Currency Committee-­Correspondence with Boyd Ewing Banking and Currency Committee--Credit Information Ban king and Currency Committee-- Credit Union Financial Institutions Act Banking and Currency Committee--Credit Unions see also General Accounting Office- - Credit Unions Banking and Currency Committee- - Credit Unions--Insurance on Deposits Banking and Currency Committee- - Credit Unions--National Credit Union Bank Bill Banking and Currency Committee--Credit Uses Reporting Act of 1975 Banking and Currency Committee- - Debt Collection Banking and Currency Committee -- Defense Production Act see a[ so Joint Committee on Defense Production Banking and Currency Committee-­Democratic Caucus Banking and Currency Committee-­Disclosure Act Banking and Currency Committee-- Economic Development Act ee a[ SO Economic Development Banking and Currency Committee-- Economic Stabilization Act --Amendments B3nking and Currency Committee -- Economic Stabilization Act -- Correspondence Banking and Currency Committee-- Economic Stabilization Act--Mark-Up Session Banking and Currency Committee-- Economic Stabilization Subcommittee Banking and Currency Committee-- Emergency Financial Assistance Act see a[ so Banking and Currency Committee- ­lntergovermental Emergency Assistance Act Banking and Currency Committee--New York City-- Correspondence Banking and Currency Committee--New York City- -Legislation Banking and Currency Committee--Energy Conservation Legislation see also Energy Conservation Banking and Currency Committee--Export Control see a/so Export Administration Act Export Control Act International Trade Commission Banking and Currency--Export/Import Bank Banking and Currency Committee- -FINE Study (Financial Institutions and the Nation's Economy) Banking and Currency Committee- -FINE Study--Hearings Banking and Currency Committee--Farmers Home Administration- ­Low Interest Loans Banking and Currency Committee-- Financial Reform Act of 1976 Banking and Currency Committee--Gold Backing and Federal Reserve Notes Banking and Currency Committee- -Gold Price Banking and Currency Committee- ­Insurance see also Insurance Banking and Currency Committee-­Interamerican Bank see also Agency for International Development Banking and Currency Committee--Interest Rates see also Interest Rates Banking and Currency Committee--Prime Interest Rate Banking and Currency Committee- -Savings and Loans- - Interest Rates Banking and Currency Committee-- Interest Rates-- Hearings Banking and Currency Committee- ­Intergovernmental Emergency Assistance Act see a/so Banking and Currency Committee-­Emergency Financial Assistance Act Banking and Currency Committee- ­International Banking Act Banking and Currency Committee-- International Development Association Banking and Currency Committee-- International Monetary Policy see a/ o Banking and Currency Committee- - Monetary Policy Banking and Currency Committee--Laws of the State of Missouri Relating to Banks and Trust Companies Banking and Currency Committee-­Lockheed Case Banking and Currency Committee-­Monetary Policy see also Banking and Currency Committee-­International Monetary Policy Banking and Currency Committee-­Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy Banking and Currency Committee-- Mortgage Interest Rates see also Federal National Mortgage Association Banking and Currency Committee-­Mortgage Interest Rates--District of Columbia Banking and Currency Committee-­Mortgage Interest Rates--Hearings Banking and Currency Committee--Mutual Savings Banks Banking and Currency Committee--National Commission on Productivity and Work Quality Banking and Currency Committee--National Consumer Cooperative Bank Act see also Consumer Interest--Miscellaneous Banking and Currency Committee--National Consumer Cooperative Bank Act see a/so Consumer Interest--Miscellaneous Banking and Currency Committee--New York City-­Correspondence see also Banking and Currency Committee- ­Emergency Financial Assistance Banking and Currency Committee--New York City- - Legislation see also Banking and Currency Committee-­Emergency Financial Assistance Banking and Currency Committee--NOW Account Banking and Currency Committee--One Bank Holding Company Bill Banking and Currency Committee--One Bank Holding Company Bill- -Clippings Banking and Currency Committee--One Bank Holding Company Bill- - Committee Information Banking and Currency Committee--One Bank Holding Company Bill--Letters Banking and Currency Committee--One Bank Holding Company Bill--Reports from Interested Groups Banking and Currency Committee--One Dank ll nlclinR c: . np:111y Bill-- Reports from Other Agencies Banking and Currency Committee--Penn Central see a/so Railroad Legislation Banking and Currency Committee--Prime Interest Rates see a/so Interest Rates Banking and Currency Committee--Record Maintenance in Banking Institutions Banking and Currency Committee-- Recurring Monetary and Credit Crisis Banking and Currency Committee-- Reven ue Bonds Banking and Currency Committee--Safe Banking Act Banking and Currency Committee- - St. Louis Banking Banking and Currency Committee-- Savings and Loan Companies see a/so Housing-- Savings and Loans Housing--Savings and Loans Bill Housing--Loans Banking and Currency Committee- -Savings and Loan Companies-­Holding Companies Banking and Currency - - Savings and Loan Companies-- Interest Rates see a/so Interest Rates Banking and Currency Committee--Interest Rates Banking and Currency Committee-- Savings and Loan Companies-­Investigation Banking and Currency Committee--Silver Banking and Currency Committee--Small Business see a/so Sma ll Business Administration Poverty Program-- St . Louis Small Business Development Center St . Louis--Small Business Administration Banking and Currency Committee- - Steering Committee Banking and Currency Committee-­Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy ,,,.,. also Banking and Currency Committee- ­Monetary Policy Banking and urrt!ncy Committee--Swiss Bank Accounts Uanking and Currency Committee--Taxing of National Banks Banking and Currency Committee- - Variable Interest Rate Mortgage Loans Bankrupt see Banking and Currency Committee -­Bankruptcy Barge Lines see also Federal Barge Lines Dccf Research and Information Act n ct•J" Ucllcr Communities Ad see Housing--Better Communities Act Bicentennial Civic Improvement Association see a/ SO American Revolution Bicentennial Bicentennial Civic Improvement Bicentennial Coinage see also Coinage Bicentennial Material Billboards Association-- Clippings see Highways-- Beautification- - Billboards Birth Control see also Family Planning Illegitimacy Population Growth Sex Education Black Lung Act see also Coal Black Militants see Militants Mine Safety Act see also Negroes--Black Militants Bl ackman's Development Center Blind see also Handicapped Blood ::,ee Health -- Blood Banks Blumeyer P roject see Housing-- Blumeyer Project Boating see also Coast Guard Boggs , Hale Bookmobile National Safe Boating Week Recreation see Education --Bookmobile Books Sent to Libraries and Schools see also Lib raries Bowlin Project see Housing -- Bowlin Project for the Elderly Braceros see National Commission on Food Marketing Bracero Study Brazil see Foreign Affairs- - Brazil Bretton Woods Agreement Bride's Packet see Publications --Packets for the Bride Bridges see Martin Luther King Bridge Buchanan, Mrs. Vera Budget see also Management and Budget, Office of Budget and Impoundment Control Act Budget Material Building Sciences Act see Housi ng-- Building Sciences Act Bur"r'u of Standards see Food and Drug Administration--Bureau of Standards Bus Service see also Transi t -- Bi- State Business and Professional Women's Clubs see also Women's Organizations Busing see Education- - Busing Buy American Act Care see Foreign Affairs--Care Cabanne Turnkey Project see Housing--Cabanne Turnkey Project Calley, William L. Cambodia see Foreign Affairs - -Cambodia Campaign Conference for Democratic Women see a/so Women in Politics Campaigns Campus Riots see also Education--Campus Unrest Cancer see a/ SO Medical Insurance for Radiation Treatment Cannon Dam see Conservation--Cannon Dam Capital Punishment Capitol- - United States Carpentry see Housing--Building Sciences Act Catalog of Federal Assistance Programs Cattle see Food and Drug Administration- -Cattle Cemeteries see National Cemeteries Census see also Population Growth Central Intelligence Agency Century Electric Company see National Labor Relations Board-­Century Electric Company Chain Stores see National Commission on Food Chamber of Commerce Cha rities Marketing- -Chain Stores Child Abuse and Neglect Child and Family Services Act see a/so Comprehensive Child Development Act Child Care see Poverty Program--Day Care Centers see also Poverty Program--Head Start Centers Poverty Program- -St. Louis Day Care St. Louis Day Care Child Protection Act Children , Youth , Maternal, and Infant Health Care Programs Chile see Foreign Aff:1irs--Chile Chirm sec Foreign Affairs--Red China China's Art Exhibit Cigarette Advertising Cities see Urban Affairs see a/so Housing--Urban Renewal Revenue Sharing Citizenship see Immigration -- Naturalized Citizens City Planning see a/ 0 Urban Affairs Civil Aeronautics Board see a/so Federal Aviation Administration Aviation Civil Air Patrol Civil Defense see also Emergency Preparedness Missouri--Disaster Area Civil Rights- -Clippings see also Integration Militants Negroes--Black Militants Negroes--National Assocation for the Advancement of Colored People Civil Rights- -Discharge Petition Civil Rights-- Equal Employment Opportunity see a/so Equal Employment Opportunity Equal Opportunity Civil Rights- -Equality for Women see a/so Women- -Equal Rights Amendment Civil Rights-- Housing see a/so Housing--Fair Housing Housing--Open Negroes--Housing Civil Rights- -Ireland's Roman Catholics Civil Rights--Legislation Civil Rights--Mississippi Seating Civil Rights --Pro Civil Rights-- Webster Groves Incident Civil Service Health Benefits Civil Service Legislation see also Federal Employees Civil Service Retirement Clara Barton House Clean Air Act see also Air Pollution Pollution Coal see a/ SO Black Lung Act Energy Crisis Mine Safety Act Mineral Resources Coal Mine Surface Area Protection Act see a/ so Mining Coal Slurry Pipeline Act Coal Tar Products see Food and Drug Administration- - Hair Dye Coast Guard see also Boating National Safe Boating Week Coastal Areas see a/so Outer Continental Shelf Lands Coca-Cola Bottling Company Cochran Apartments see Housing--Public Housing-Cochran Apartments Coinage Sl!l' a/ SO Bicentennial Coinage National Stamping Act Colleges and Universities see Education- - College Loan Program see a/so Schools--College Debate Color Additives see Food and Drug Administration--Color Additives Commemorative Postage Stamp for Jeannette Rankin Commemorative Stamps see a/so Kennedy, John F . First Day Cover Issues see Food and Drug Administration-­Cranberries Creating a Joint Committee to Investigate Crime Credit Unions see Banking and Currency Committee- ­Credit Unions see a/so General Accounting Office- - Credit Unions Crime--Bail Reform Act Crime--General see a/so J oint Committe to Investigate Crime Juvenile Delinquency Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Prisons Crime--Gun Control Crime--Riots see a/so Housing--Insurance--Riots Crime--Riots- - Clippings Crime- - Switch - -Blades Cruelty to Animals Current River see Conservation--Current River Power Line Customs Bureau Cyprus see Foreign Affairs - -Cyprus Czechoslovakia see Foreign Affairs--Czechoslovakia Daily Digest see Panama Canal--Daily Digest Dairy Products see Milk see a/so Food and Drug Administration-­Milk Dams see Lock and Dam 26 Conservation- - Cannon Dam Danforth Foundation see a/ 0 Foundations Darst- -Webbe Public Housing see Housing- - Public Housing--Darst-Web be Davis- -Bacon Act see Labor- - Davis-Bacon Day Care Centers see Poverty Program--Day Care Center see a/ 0 Poverty Program--St. Louis Day Care St. Louis Day Care Daylight Savings Time Deafness see Hearing Aids Death with Dignity Debt Ceiling Bill See a/so Goverment Debt National Debt Decontrol of Certain Domestic Crude Oil see a/so Oil Leases Defense ee a/ 0 Nation:1l Defense Defense Appropriations see a/ SO Military Construction Appropriation Bill Military Expenditures Military Pay Military Procurement Defense Contracts See a/so Federal Government Contract Legislation Military Procurement Defense Mapping Agency Sl!£' n/so Aeronautical Chart and Information Center Defense Production Act see Banking and Currency Committee-­Defense Production Act .\Ce a/ so Joint Committee on Defense Production Defense Production, Joint Committee see Joint Committee on Defense Production Delta Queen Delta Queen-- Clippings Delta Queen--Correspondence Delta Queen- -Extend Exemption Delta Queen/Mississippi Queen--Clippings Delta Queen/Mississippi Queen-- Correspondence Democratic City Central Committee Democratic Clubs Democratic Coalition Party Democratic Convention--1972 Democratic Convention--1976 Democratic National Committees Democratic Organizations Democratic Party see a/so Banking and Currency Committee-­Democratic Caucus Campaign Conference for Democratic Women Democratic State Committees Democratic Cities see Housing- - Democratic Cities Dental Health see Health--Dental Deodorant see Food and Drug Administration-­Deodorant Department of Housing and Urban Development see Housing- -HUD Department of Labor see Grants--Department of Labor--St . Louis Department of Peace see Peace, Dept. of Department of the Interior see Grants--Department of the Interior-- St. Louis Department of Transportation see Grants--Department of Transportation-- St. Louis Desoto-- Carr Project see Housing- - Desoto-Carr Project Detention see Emergency Detention Act Development Bank ·ce Housing--Na tional Development Bank Diabetes Research see a/so National Diabetes Advisory Board Diet Foods see Food and Drug Administration--Diet Foods Digestive Diseases :,ee National Digestive Disease Act of 1976 Direct Popular Election of the President Disabled American Veterans see Veteran's Organizations Disarmament see also Arms Control Postal Boutique Commission of Consumer Finance see National Commission on Consumer Finance Commission on Federal Paperwork Commission on Food Marketing sec National Commission on Food Marketing Commission on History and Culture :see Negroes-- Commission on History and Culture Commission on Neighborhoods see National Commission on Neighborhoods Committee on Political Education see Political Education, Committee On Committee on P opulation Crisis see Population Crisis Committee Committee on Standards of Official Conduct Committee Reform Commodity Exchange Act see also Re- Pricing Commodities Commodity Futures see a/so Re- Pricing Commodities Common Cause Communications see also Federal Communications Commission Communism Radio Telecommunications Television Community Development Act Community Services Administration Comprehensive Child Development Act see a/so Child and Family Services Act Comprehensive Employment and Training Act see also Employment Compton--Grand Association see Housing Compton-Grand Association Comptroller General of the United States Concorde Supersonic Transport see also Aviation Concentrated Industries Anti - Inflation Act see also Inflation Congress- - 91st Congress--9lst--Senate Subcommittees Congress- -92nd Congress- -93rd Congress--94th Congress--94th--Majority Rpt . Congress--94th--Member's Pay Raise see a/ so Congressional and Civil Service P ay Raise Congress- -Committee on House Administration Congress-- Economic Committee see J oint Economic Committee Congress-- House Beauty Shoppe Congress--House Budget Committee Congress- - House Unamerican Activities Committee see a/ so Internal Security Congress- - Redistricting SC'(' Missou ri - - Redistricting Congress--Rules of Congressional and Congress--Scandals see a/ 0 Powell, Adam Clayton Congressional and Civil Service Pay Raise see a/ o Congress- - 94th- -Member Pay Raise Federal Pay Raise Congressional Fellowship Congressional Office--Payroll Congressional Pay Raise Congressional Record Inserts see a/so Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Congressional Record Inserts Congressional Reorganization see a/ 0 Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 Congressional Travel Conservation --Cannon Dam see a/so National Park Service Parks Conservation --Current River Power Line Conservation --Eleven Point River Conservation-- Harry Truman Dam Conservation- -Lock Dam 26 see Lock and Dam 26 Conservation--Meramec Basin Conservation--Meramac Park Reservoir Conservation- -Meramac Recreation Area Conservation- -Mineral Resources see Mineral Resources Conservation --Miscellaneous see a/so Recycling Waste Conservation- - Recreation Area Conservation--Redwood National Park Conservation--Upper Mississippi River National Recreation Area see a/so Upper Mississippi River Basin Commission Conservation-- Water Resources see a/so Water Resources Planning Act Conservation-- Wild Rivers Conservation - - Wilderness Conservation -- Wildlife .\ee a/ :so Lacey Act Constitutional Changes Consumer Credit see Banking and Currency Committee--Consumer Credit see also National Commission on Consumer Finance Right to Financial Privacy Act Consumer In terest Miscellaneous see a/so Banking and Currency Committee- ­National Consumer Cooperative Bank Act National Commission on Food Marketing-- Consumer Information Publications-- Packet for the Bride Consumer Prod uct Information Bulletin see a/so Publications- -Consumer Product Information Copyright Legislation Copyrights Cosmetics see Food and Drug Administration- - entries Cosmetologists see National Hairdressers and Cosmetologists Cost of Living Council Cost of Living Task Force Council of Catholic Women see a/so St. Louis Archdiocesan Council of Catholic Women Women-- Organizations Cranberries Diseased Pets District of Columbia see also Home Rule-- District of Columbia Doctors see Immigration--Foreign Doctors see a/so Education--Nurses and Medical Students/Medical Schools Health Manpower Bill Douglas, William 0 . see Impeachment (Justice Douglas) Draft Dru'g Abuse see a/so Alcoholism, Narcotics Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act Drug Advertising Drug Cases Drug Cost Drug Legislation Drug Regulation Drug Testing and New Drugs Drugs, Baby Asprin Drugs, Chemical Names Drugs, Factory Inspection Drugs, Habit- Forming Drugs, Interstate Traffic Drugs, Krebior:en see a/so Krebiozen Drugs, Strontium 90 see a/so Strontium 90 Drugs, Thalidomide see also Thalidomide Earthquakes East - West Gateway Coordinating Council see a/so St. Louis--East West Gateway Coordinating Council East St. Louis Convention Center Ecology see also Environmental Education Act Economic Committee see Joint Economic Committee Economic Development see a/so Banking and Currency-- Economic Development Act Economic Development Administration see a/so Grants--Economic Development Administration Economic Program Economic Summit Conference Economics--Joint Economic Committee see Joint Economic Committee Editorials--KMOX-TV see Radio and T elevision --Editorials Education see a/ so Schools Ed ucntion --Adult see a/ SO Adult Education Missouri - -Adult Education Act Education--Aid to Parochial Schools see a/so Aid to P arochial Schools Education --Federal Aid to Education Parochial Schools Education- - Aid to Private Schools See a/ 0 Aid to Private Schools Education --Federal Aid to Education Private Schools Education--Appropriations Education -- Bookmobile see a/ 0 Bookmobile Libraries Education--Busing see also Busing Integration Education--Campus unrest see also Campus riots Militants Education -- Clippings see ah;o Schools - - Clippings Education--College Loan Program see a/so Colleges and Universities Education--Higher Education Education--St udent Aid Bill Loans- - Student Student Loans Education- -Elementary and Secondary see also Schools Education--Federal Aid to Education see a/so Education--Aid to Parochial Schools Education-- Student Aid Bill Federal Aid to Education Education-- F ederal Charter for Insurance and Annuity Association see ah;o Insurance Education -- Food and Nutrition Program see a/ SO School Lunch Program School Milk Program Education--HEW Appropriations see also Health , Education and Welfare Education--Higher Education see also Education-- College Loan Program Education --Student Aid Bill Higher Education Missouri -- University Education- - Miscellaneous see also Quality Education Study Education--National Defense Education Act see a/so National Defense Education Act Education- - Nurses and Medical Students see also Doctors Heal t h Manpower Bill Medical Education Medical Schools Nurse Training Act Nurses Education-- Residential Vocational Education see also Education- - Vocational Education Vocational Education Education--Student Aid Bill see also Education- - College Loan Program Education--Higher Education Education --Federal Aid to Education Loan-- Student Student Loans Education --Tax Deductions for Education see a/ SO Taxes- - Deduction for Education of Dependents Education- - T eachers Corps see a/ ·o Teachers Corps Education-- Upward Bound Branch see also Upward Bound Education--Vocational Education see also Vocational Education Educational Grants Grants - - Educational Grants--HEW-- Public Schools Egypt see Foreign Affairs--Egypt Eisenhower, Dwight David Eisenhower College Elderly see also Aging National Institute on Aging Older Americans Act Elderly-- Employment Opportunities see also Employment Opportunities for the Elderly Older Americans Act Elderly - - Housing see Housing--Bowlin Project for the Elderly see also Housing--Elderly Election Laws see Missouri--Election Laws Election Reform see also Voting Rights Act Election Reform--Post Card Registration see alSO Post Card Registration Voter Registration Elections Commission Electoral College see also Direct Popular Election of the President Electric and Hybrid Research, Development and Demonstration Act of 1976 ee also Energy Conservation and Electric Power Electricity see Lifeline Rate Act Conversion Act of 1976 Elementray and Secondary Education Eleven Point River see Conservation- -Eleven Point River Elk Hills Oil Reserve see also Oil Leases Emergency Detention Act see also Detention Emergency Employment see also Employment Emergency Livestock Credit Act See a/so Agriculture Emergency Rail Transportation Improvement and Employment Act See Railroads--Emergency Rail Transportation Improvement and Employment Act Emergency Rooms see Medical Emergency Transportation and Services Act Emergency Security Assistance Act Emergency Telephone Number see a/ 0 Nine One One Emergency Unemployment Compensation Assistance ·ee a/so Unemployment Compensation Emergency Utility Loans and Grants for Witerizing Homes see a/ o Utility Loans Employment See a/ 0 Comprehensive Employment and Training Act Immigration Labor entries Manpower Minimum Wage Unemployment Employment- - Equal Opportunity Employment of the Handicapped see also Handicapped Labor--Handicapped Workers Employment Opportunities for the Elderly see Elderly --Employment Opportunities Endowment for the Arts see Grants--National Endowment for the Arts Endowment for the Humanities see National Endowment for the Humanities Energy-- Correspondence Energy Conservation see also Banking and Currency Commission--Energy Conservation Federal Power Commission Natural Gas Act Protection of Independent Energy Conservation and Conversion Act of 1976 see also Electric & Hybrid Research, Development & Demonstration Act of 1976 Energy Crisis SC'e also Coal Fuel for Cars Gas and Gasoline and Oil Allocations Oil Imports Oil Leases Energy Crisis-- Correspondence Energy Crisis--Material Energy Excerpts Energy Independence Act of 1975 Energy- - Information & Material see also Arctic Gas Project Energy Research and Development Environmental Education Act see also Ecology Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1976 see alSO Pesticides Environmental Policy Act Environmental Protection Agency see also Grants--Environmental Protection Agency-- St. Louis Equal Employment see a/so Civil Rights- -Equal Employment Opportunity Minority Groups Women--Employment Opportunities Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Equal Opportunity see a/so Civil Rights-- Equal Employment Opportunity Equal Pay for Equal Work !:>Cl! also Women--Employment Opportunities Equal Rights- - Clippings Equ al Rights for Women see a/so Women--Equal Rights--Material Equal Time ee a/ ·o Federal Communications Commission Euclid Piau Radio Television see Housing--Euclid Plaza Excess Property see Missouri - - Excess Property see Federal Excess Property Executive Reorgan ization Export Administration Act see a/so Banking and Currency--Export entries Export Control Act see a/so Banking and Currency Committee -­Export Control FBI see Federal Bureau of Investigation FCC see Federal Communications Commission FDIC see B & C Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Fair Labor Standards Act see Labor--Fair Labor Standards Fair Plan see Insurance --Fair P lan Fair Trade see also Trade--Expor ts and Imports Fallout Shelters see Atomic Bomb--Fallout Shelters see Nuclear Weapons--Radioactive Fallout Family Assistance Act see also Welfare Welfare--Family Support Family Assistance Material and Clippings See a/so Welfare--Clippings Family Assistance Plan Family Fare see Publications--Family Fare Family Planning see a/ so Birth Control Illegitimacy P opulation Growth Sex Education Family Planning Services Act Family Week see National Family Week Farm Bill see Agriculture--Farm Bill Farm Workers see also Agriculture National Commission on Food Marketing--Bracero Study Federal Advisory Committee Act Federal Aid to Education see Education --Federal Aid to Education Federal Aviation Administ ration see also Aviation Civil Aeronautics Board Federal Barge Lines see a/ so Barge Lines Federal Buildi ngs see a/ so Public Buildings Federal Bureau of Investigation Federal Communications Commission see also Communications Equal Time Radio and Television Television Federal Deposit Insurance Corp see also FDIC Federal Employees See a/ SO Civil Service Legislation Federal Excess Property see a/so Excess Property Missouri --Excess Property Fede ral Government Contract Legislation see a/so Defense Contracts Federal Home Loan Bank Board Federal Housing Administration see Housing-- Federal Housing Administration Federal Judical Center see also J udiciary Federal Land Bank of St. Louis see also Land Bank Federal National Mortgage Association see a/so Banking and Currency--Mortgage Interest Rates Mortgages and Interest Rates Federal Pay Raise see a/so Congressional and Civil Service Pay Raise Federal Power Commission see a/so Energy Conservation Fuel and Energy Resources Commission Lifeline Rate Act Federal Reserve System Federal Trade Commission Federal Voting Assistance Program see a/so Voter Registration Federation of Independent Business see National Federation of Independent Business Feed Grain see a/so Agriculture Food and Drug Administration-- Grain Grain Purchases Fetal Experimentation see Health , Education and Welfare--Fetal Experimentation Fi nancial Disclosure see a/so Right to Financial Privacy Act Financial Institutions Act Fire Protection see a/so National Academy for Fire Prevention & Central Site Selection Board Fish and Fish Products see a/so Food and Drug Administration-­Fish Fish Inspection Food and Drug Administration-- Trout Trout see a/so Inspection , Food Fl ag Day Flood Control Meat Inspection Poultry Inspection see a/so St. Louis- - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Flood, Daniel J. Upper Mississippi River Basin Commission see P anama Canal--Correspondence- - Flood, Daniel J . Flood Insurance Program see a/so Insurance--Flood National Flood Insurance Program Flood Protection Project see also St. Louis--U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Floods see a/so Missouri - - Disaster Area Missouri- - Flood National Flood Insurance Program Rivers Fluoridation of Water Fonda, Jane Food see also Agriculture National Commission of Food Marketing P oultry Food and Drug Administration Index Code Food and Drug Administration Appropriations Food and Drug Administration-- Botulism Food and Drug Administration--Bread Prices Food and Drug Administration--Bureau of Standards Food and Drug Administration --Cattle-­General Food and Drug Administration- -Cattle-­Legislation Food and Drug Administration--Color Additives Food and Drug Administ ration-­Confectionery Food and Drug Administration - -Copy of Bill Food and Drug Administ ration - -Cranberri•·> Food and Drug Administ ration -- DeodorauL Food and Drug Administration -- Diet Foods see a/ o Nut rition Food and Drug Administration --Eye Make-up Food and Drug Administration--Facial Creams Food and Drug Administration-- Fish Flour Food and Drug Administ ration--Food Additives Cases See a/ 0 Addi tives Food and Drug Administration -- Food Additives -- General ee also Nutrition Food and Drug Administration- - Food Additives-- Legislation Food and Drug Amdinistration-- Freezone Food and Drug Administration-- General Commentary Food and Drug Administration-- General Information Food and Drug Administration -- General Letters Food and Drug Administration-- Grain see a/ 0 Feed Grain Food and Drug Administration--Hair Dye Food and Drug Administration -- Hair Preparations Food and Drug Administration -- Hai r Remover Food and Drug Administration- - Hair Sprays Food and Drug Administration -- Ice Cream Food and Drug Administration -- Investigation Food and Drug Administration-- Legislation Food and Drug Administration- - Lipsticks Food and Drug Administration--Medical Devices see Medical Device Amendments Food and Drug Administration--Milk Food and Drug Administration-- Miscellaneous Food and Drug Administration- - Nail Polish Food and Drug Administration--Packaging Food and Drug Administration--Packaging (Wax) Food and Drug Administration--Pesticide Cases Food and Drug Administration--Pesticide Legislation and General Information Food and Drug Administration--Pesticides Food and Drug Administration-­Preservatives Food and Drug Administration--Pre- testing Food and Drug Administration-- Request for Copy of Research Food and Drug Administration--Soap Food and Drug Administration--Special Dietary Foods see also Nutrition Food and Drug Administration--Sun-tan Lotion Food and Drug Administration--Trout Food and Drug Administration--Vaporizers Food and Drug Administration--Varnish Food and Drug Administration--Vitamin Supplements see a/so Nutrition Food and Drug Administration- - Water see also Water Food Assistance Act see Foreign Aid- -Food Assistance Act Food Crisis see a/ SO Agriculture Food for Peace Hunger and Malnutrition Nutrition Population Crisis Committee Population Growth Right to Food Resolution see also Agriculture Food Prices see also Agriculture Food Stamp Plan 1954--Bills see a/ SV Agriculture Hunger and Malnutrition Food Stamp Plan 1954--Comments and Criticism Food Stamp Plan 1954-- Correspondence Food Stamp Plan 1954--Food Surplus Food Stamp Plan 1954--St. Louis Food Stamp Plan 1954--Speeches and Testimony Food Stamp Plan 1955--Correspondence and Legislation Food Stamp Plan 1955--Food Surplus Food Stamp Plan 1956--Bills and Hearings Food St amp Plan 1956--Commodity Credit Corp. Food St amp Plan 1956- - Correapondence, Speeches, Testimony Food Stamp Plan 1956- - Food Surplus Distribution Food Stamp Plan 1956--Personal Letters Food Stamp Plan 1957-- Bills Food Stamp Plan 1957--Correspondence Food Stamp Plan 1957--Food Surplus and Food Stamp Plan Food Stamp Plan 1957--Hearings Food Stamp Plan 1957--Speeches Food Stamp Plan 1957--Testimony Food Stamp Plan 1958--Activities Carried on Under PL 63 -4RO Food Stamp Plan 1958--Bills Food Stamp Plan 1958--Comments and Criticism Food Stamp Plan 1958--Correspondence Food Stamp Plan 1958--Hearings and Reports Food Stamp Plan 1958--Personal Letters Food Stamp Plan 1958- - Speeches and Testimony Food Stamp Plan 1958--Study and Procedure Food Stamp Plan 1959- - Bills Food Stamp Plan 1959--Comments and Criticism Food Stamp Plan 1959--Congressional Record Entry Food Stamp Plan 1959--Correspondence Food Stamp Plan 1959-- Hearings and Reports Food Stamp Plan 1959--Personal Letters Food Stamp Plan 1959--Releases Food Stamp P lan 1959-- Speeches and Testimony Food Stamp Plan 1959- -Studies and Procedure Food Stamp Plan 1960- -Activities Carried on Under PL-480 Food Stamp Plan 1960-- Bills, Hearings, Reports Food Stamp Plan 1960-- Correspondence Food Stamp Plan 1960-- Personal Letters Food Stamp Plan 1961-- Correspondence and Clippings Food Stamp Plan 1961--Personal Letters Food Stamp Plan 1962--Bills, Correspondence, Testimony Food Stamp Plan 1962-- Clippings Food Stamp Plan 1962--Personal Letters Food Stamp Plan 1963--Bills Food Stamp Plan 1963--Comments and Criticism Food Stamp Plan 1963--Correspondence Food Stamp Plan 1963- - Hearings Food Stamp Plan 1963-- Releases Food Stamp Plan 1963--Speeches Food Stamp Plan 1963--Studies and Procedures Food Stamp Plan 1964--Appropriations Food Stamp Plan 1964--Bills Food Stamp Plan 1964--Comments and Criticism Food Stamp Plan 1964--Correspondence Food Stamp Plan 196-t -- Hearings Food Stamp Plan Hl64 --Minority Views Food Stamp Plan 1964--Releases Food Stamp Plan 196-t -- Speeches Food Stamp Plan 196-t -- Studies and Procedures Food Stamp Plan 1965 --Appropriations Cut Food Stamp Plan 1965- - Correspondence Food Stamp Plan 1965 - -District of Columbia Food Stamp Plan 1965--Expansion Food Stamp Plan 1965--Kinlock MO Food Stamp Plan 1965 --Missouri Food Stamp Plan 1965--Personal Letters Food Stamp Plan 1965--St. Louis MO Food Stamp Plan--Legislative History Food Stamp Plan--Miscellaneous Statistics Food Stamp Plan--Petition 1967 Food Stores see National Commission on Food Ford Foundation see also Foundations Ford, Gerald Marketing- -Chain Stores see Nixon, Richard M.-- Pardon Foreign Affairs--Amnesty Foreign Affairs--Angola Foreign Affairs- -Brazil Foreign Affairs--CARE Foreign Affairs--Cambodia see a/so Moratorium War Protest Foreign Affairs--Chile Foreign Affairs-- Cyprus Foreign Affairs- - Czechoslovakia Foreign Affairs-- Egypt see also Foreign Affairs - -Middle East Foreign Affai rs - - General Countries Foreign Affairs-- Genocide Treaty Foreign Affairs- - Indochina Foreign Affairs -- Israel see a/ 0 Foreign Affiars --Middle East Foreign Affairs-- Israel-Arab War see a/so Foreign Affairs- -Middle East Foreign Affairs - -Jordan see also Foreign Affairs--Middle East Foreign Affairs --Lebanon see a/so Foreign Affairs--Middle East Foreign Affairs --Middle East see also Foreign Affairs- - Egypt Foreign Affairs -- Israel Foreign Affairs -- Israel Arab War Foreign Affairs --Jordan Foreign Affairs--Lebanon Oil Imports Foreign Affairs- -Mid-East Sinai Pact Foreign Affairs --Non-Proliferation Treaty Foreign Affai rs --Peru Foreign Affairs- - Pueblo Foreign Affaris- -Puerto Rico see a/ SO Puerto Rico Foreign Affairs--Red China Foreign Affairs--Republic of China see Republic of China Foreign Affairs -- Rhodesia Foreign Affairs - - Soviet Union Foreign Affairs--Turkey Foreign Affai rs --United Nations Foreign Affairs -- United Nations Development Program Foreign Affairs -- Vietnam ee a/ SO Missing in Action Prisoners of War Select Committee to Investigate Missing in Action Foreign Affairs -- Vietnam- - Mrs. Sullivan 's Voting Record (as of 1972) see a/so Sullivan, L.K. Voting Record Foreign Affairs Legislation Foreign Aid Foreign Aid- - Food Assistance Acl Foreign Policy Foreign Visitors Forest Park Blvd. Turnkey Project see Housing--Forest Park Blvd. Turnkey Project Forestry Legislation see also Lumber Fort San Carica see Jefferson National Expansion Memorial--Building a Replica of Fort San Carlos Foster Grandparents see Poverty Program--Foster Grandparents Foundations see also Ford Foundation Danforth Foundation Grants Grants--National Science Foundation National Science Foundation Four Freedoms Study Group Franchises Franchising Practice Reform Act Freedom of Information Act see also Sunshine Bill Freedom of the Press see also Newspapers Radio Television Fuel and Energy Resources Commission see a/so Energy Conservation Federal Power Commissron Fuel for Cars see also Energy Crisis Gas and Gasoline and Oil Allocation Fur see also Laclede Fur Co. GAO see General Accounting Office GPO see Government Printing Office GSA see General Services Administration Gambling see also Lotteries Gas--Laclede Gas see also Natural Gas Gas--Natural Gas and Gasoline and Oil Allocation see also Energy Crisis Fuel for Cars Gateway Arch see Jefferson National Expansion Memorial General Accounting Office General Accounting Office--Credit Unions see also Banking and Currency--Credit General Electric General Motors Unions General Services Administration see also Grants--General Services Administration- - St . Louis Genocide Treaty see Foreign Affairs--Genocide Treaty Georgetown University Gerontology Cold Star Wives Goldenrod Showboat see Jefferson National Expansion Memorial- -Showboat Goldenrod Government Debt see also Debt Ceiling Bill National Debt Government Insurance Government Operations Government Printing Office Government Regional Offices Government Reorgani~:ation Program see Reorganiution Program Grace Hill Area see Housing--Grace Hill Grading, Meat see Meat Grading Grain Purchases ee also Agriculture Feed Grain Grand Canyon see Conservation--Grand Canyon Grandparents, Foster see Poverty Program--Foster Grandparents Grants see also Foundations National Science Foundation Grants- - Clippings Grants-- Dept. of Housing and Urban Development see Housing- - St . Louis--Grants from HUD Grants-- Department of Labor--St . Louis Grants-- Department of the Interior- -St. Louis and MO Grants-- Department of Transportation--St. Louis see also Transportation Grants - -Economic Development Administration- - St. Louis see also Economic Development Administration Grants-- Educational see also Educational Grants Learning Business Centers Grants- -Environmental Protection Agency-­St. Louis Grants--General Services Administration -­St. Louis Grants- - Health, Education and Welfare-- Miss& uri Grants--HEW--Public Schools Grants--HEW--St. Louis Grants--HEW--St. Louis University Grants--HEW-- Washington University see also Washington University Grants to Hospitals G r·an ts- - Housing see Housing-- St. Louis- - Grants from HUD Grants--Law Enforcement Assistance Administration -­Missouri ee also Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Grants--Law Enforcement Assistance Administratiou - - SL . Louis see also Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Gran ta--M any Sou rcea-- Colleges Grants--Many Sources- -Missouri Grants--Many Sources--St. Louis University Grants--Many Sources--Universities Grants--Many Sources- -University of Missouri Grants--Many Sources- - Washington University see also Washington University Grants- - Miscellaneous Grants--National Endowment for the Arts see also Arts and Humanities Grants--National Endowment for the Humanities see also Arts and Humanities Grants--National Science Foundation see also National Science Foundation Foundations G ranta--OEO- - Missouri Poverty Program--Office of Equal Opportunity Grants- -Post Office--St. Louis see also Postal Service St . Louis - -Post Office -­Operations Grants--Roth Study Grocery Stores see National Commission on Food Marketing--Chain Stores Guam Guatemalan Earthquake Gun Control see Crime--Gun Control HUAC See Congress-- House Unamerican Activities Committee Hair Car Products see Food and Drug Administration H ai rd ressers see National Haridressers and Cosmetologists Halpern, Seymour see Resignations Handicapped see also Blind Herman, Philip Employment of the Handicapped Labor--Handicapped Workers see Panama Canal--Correspondence-­Harry Flannery Herman, Philip See Radio and Television- -Harry Flannery Harry Truman Dam See Conservation--Harry Truman Dam Hatardous Material see a/so Transportation -- Dept. of Proposed Regulations Hazardous Occupational Safety and Health Act see a/ 0 Mine Safety Act Occupational Safety and Health Administration Head Start Center See Poverty Program--Head Start Centers Health -- Blood Banks Sl!<' (1/ SO Medical Care Health--Dental Health and Welfare Council of Greater St. Louis see a/ SO Welfare Health Education and Welfare see also Grants--Health Education and Welfare- -Missouri Housing--Public--HEW Task Force Health, Education and Welfare--Fetal Experimentation see also Human Experimentation Health Insurance see a/so Medical Insurance for Radiation Treatment National Health Insurance Health Insurance for the Unemployed see a/so Unemployment Health Legislation see a/so National Health Care Act Health Manpower Bill see also Education--Nurses and Medical Health, Mental Students Immigration--Foreign Doctors Manpower Nurse Training Act !!JI!<' Mental Health Health Program Health- - Polio Vaccine Health Security Act Hearing Aids Higher Education see a/so Education -- Higher Education Higher Education Act Highway Beautification see a/so Anti--Billboard Law High way-- Clippings Highway Patrol ee Missouri- -Highway Patrol Highway Safety see a/so National Bicentennial Highway Safety Year Highway Through St. Louis see a/so St . Louis Highways Highway Trust Fund Highways see a/so Martin Luther King Bridge High ways- - Beautification-- Billboards The Hill see Housing--The Hill Hill-Burton Act see Hospitals--Hill-Burton Historic Preservation see a/so National Historic Preservation Act HolidaJ.s see a SO Kennedy, John F, Holiday Home Owners Mortgage Loan Corp see Housing--Home Owners Mortgage Loan Corp Home Rule--D.C. see a/ SO Distict of Columbia Hospitals- - Closing ·ee a/ so Public Health Services Hospi tals Hospitals--Emergency Rooms ee Medical Emergency Transportation and Services Act Hospitals--General Hospitals--General MAST Program Hospitals- - Grants see Grants--Hospitals Hospitals- -Hill-Burton Hospitals- -Non-profit House Administration, Committee on House Beauty Shoppe see Congress. House Beauty Shoppe House Budget Committee House Un - American Activities Committee see also Congress. House Un-American Acitivities Comm1 Ll ee Household P ets Housing Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 see also Housing--HUD Housing--Anonymous letters Housing--Arson-- Clippings Housing--Better Communities Act Housing Bills Housing Bills- - Letters Housing--Bingham's Bill Housing--Blumeyer Project Housing- - Blumeyer Project--Clippings Housing-- Bowlin Project for the Elderly Housing- - Building Sciences Act see also Lumber Housing--Cabanne Turnkey see also Housing--Forest Park Blvd Turnkey Project Housing--Turnkey Projects Housing- -College Loan Programs Housing- - Community Development Block Grants Housing--Compton Grand Association Housing--CR Excerpts Housing- -Correspondence- -Out of State Housing-- Demonstration Cities Housing- - Dept. of Community Developmt!IIL Housing--DeSoto- Carr Housing-- Elderly see also Nursing Homes Housing--Emergency Housing--Energy Conservation see also Energy Conservation Housing- - Euclid Plan Housin~r - -Fair Housing see also Civil Rights--Housing Housing- - Open Housing- - Fair House Enforcement in Missouri Housing- -Federal Housing Administration Housing--Forest Park Blvd .--Turnkey Project see also Housing- -Cabanne Turnkey Project Housing- -Turnkey P rojects Housing-- General Housing- -Grace Hill Housing- -The Hill Housing- -Home Owners Mortgage Loan Housing- -HUD Corps. see also Housing and Urban Development Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 Houiang--St. Louis -­Applications to Jill f) Housing- -St. Louis - -Grants from HUD Housing--Missouri-- Grants from HUD Housing--HUD- - Consolidated Supply Program Housing--HUD --Housing Material Housing- -Housing Authoriution Act Housing-- Inspection Housing-- Insurance--Riots see also Crime- -Riots Insurance Housing-- Jeff- Vander-Lou Housing--KMOX Editorials see also Radio and Television Editorials Housing--Laclede Town Housing--Laclede Town-- Clippings Housing-- LaFayette Square Housing- - LaSalle Park Housing-- Lead Paint Housing-- Lead Poisoning see also P oisons Housing-- Loans see also Banking and Currency- -Savings and Loan Entries Interest Rates Housing--Low Income see also Housing-- President's Task Force on Low Income Housing Poverty Program- -General Housing--Mansion House Housing--Maryville Housing--Mill Creek Valley Housing--Miscellaneous Clippings Housing--Miscellaneous Letters Housing--Missouri Housing--Mobile Homes Housing- -Model Cities Housing- -Model Cit ies- - Clippings Housing--Mullanphy Project Housing--National Development Bank Housing--National Housing Act Housing-- National Tenants Organir;ation Housi ng--Negro see also Civil Rights--Housing Housing--Open Negroes- - General Housing- - Neighborhood F acilities Grant Housing- -Newcastle Project Housing- -O'Fallon Housi ng- -Ombudsman Housi ng- -Open see also Civil Rights--Housing Housing--Fair Housing Negroes- -Housing Housing--Open- -Against (District) Housing-- Open- -For (District) Housing- -Open--Against (Out of District) Housing--Open--For (Out of Dist rict) Housing- -Open- -Clippings Housing- -Operation Breakthrough Housing--Operation Breakthrough-- Clippings Housing--Operation Rehab ee also Housing-- Rehabilitation Housing--Rock Springs Rehabilitation Association Housing Panel Housing- - Para Quad Housing--Peabody- -Clippings Housing--President's T ask Force on Low Income Housing see also Housing--Low Income Housing Program Cute Housing--Public Housing Bills Proposed Housing-- Public Housing--Cochran Apts.-- Clippings Housing--Public Housing-- Darst-W ebbe Public Housing Housing- -Public Housing- -Darst- Web be Clippings Housing- - Public Housing-- General- - Clippings Housing--Public Housing--General Letters Housing--Public--HEW Task Force see also Health, Education,&: Welfare Housing--Public Housing--Kosciuksko St. Housing- - Public Housing- -Mailing List Housing--Public Housing- - Neighborhood Gardens Housing- - Public Housing- -Pruitt- lgoe Housing--Public Housing- - Pruitt - Igoe-­Clippings Housing- - Public Housing-- Pruitt- lgoe-­Proposals Housing- - Public Housing-- Rent Strike-­see also Strikes Clippings Housing--Public Housing- -Rent Strike-- Reports Housing--Public Housing--Reports Housing--Red Tape Housing- -Rehabilitation see also Housing-- Operation Rehab Housing--Rock Springs Rehabilitation Association Housing-- Rent Supplements Housing-- Reports and Materials Housing-- Rock Springs Rehabilitation Association see also Housing--Operation Rehab Housing-- Rehabilitation Housing- - St. Louis Housing--St. Louis-- Applications to HUD see also Housing--HUD Housing- -St. Louis--Area Expeditar Housing--St. Louis--Code Enforcement Housing--St. Louis- -Code Enforcement-- Clippings Housing-- St. Louis--Grants from HUD see also Housing--HUD Housing- -St . Louis Housing and Land Clearance Authority Housing- - St. Louis Housing Plan Housing-- St. Louis Meeting Housing-- St. Louis-- Workable Program Housing -- Savings and Loans See a/ 0 Banking and Currency Committee- ­Savings and Loan Companies Housing- - Savings and Loan Bill see also Banking and Currency Committee-­Savings and Loan entries Housing- - Section 8 Housing-- Section 22l(d)(2) Housing- - Section 221(d)(3) Housing-- Section 221(h) Housing- - Section 235 Housing- - Section 236 Housing- -Section 701 Housing- -Soulard Area see a/so National Historic Preservation Act Housing--South Broadway Housing-- South Side Housing- - State of Missouri Housing-- State of Missouri- - Grants from HUD see also Housing--HUD Housing--Subcommittee Notices Housing - -Ten Park Improvement Association Housing- -Town House Project Clippings Housing-- Turnkey Projects see a/so Housing- - Cabanne Turnkey Project Housing- - Forest Park Blvd Turnkey Project Housing- -Turnkey Projects--Clippings Housing--Twelfth and Park Housing-- Union--Sarah Housing-- Urban Reports Housing-- Urban Renewal Housing-- Urban Renewal- - Clippings Housing-- Urban Renewal-- Letters Housing- -Urban Renewal--Material Housing-- Vaughn Area- - Clippings Housing-- Villa de Ville Housing- -Washington University Medical Housing-- Wellston Housing--West End Center Housing--West End- - Clippings Housing- - West Pine Apartments Human Development Corporation see Poverty Program- - Human Development Corporation see also Poverty Program- - St. Louis Human Development Corporation Human Experimentation see also Health, Education and Welfare-- Fetal Experimentation Humanities see National Endowment for the Humanities Hunger and Malnutrition see a/so Food Crisis ICC Food Stamp Plan entries Right to Food Resolution see Interstate Commerce Commission Ice Cream see Food and Drug Administration--Ice Cream Ill egitimacy see also Birth Control Immigration Family Planning Sex Education ee a/so P opulation Growth Employment Immigration and Naturalir.ation Service Immigration-- Foreign Doctors Immigration- -Material Immigration--N aturalir.ed Citizens Immunity (Nixon) Against see also Nixon, Richard Milhouse Immunity (Nixon) For Immunity (Nixon) Out of State Impeachment (Justice Douglas) see also Supreme Court Judiciary Impeachment see also Nix on , Rich ard M Impeachment- -Against Impeachment Bill Impeachment-- Clippings Impeachment-- For Impeachment --Not Answered Impoundment Control/ Spending Ceiling Independent Bankers Association of America see also Banking and Cu rrency Committee-­Bank-- Entries Independent Business Federation see Nation al Federation of Independent Business Independent Meat P ackers see also Meat P ackers Indians see also Minority Groups Indochina see Foreign Affai rs-- Indochina Industry Funds Inflation see also Concentrated Industries Anti- Infl ation Act Inflation--House Resolution Inspection--Food see F ish Inspection see also Meat Inspection Poultry Inspection Institute of Psychiatry see Missouri-- Instit ute of Psychiatry Insurance see also Banking and Currency Committee- ­Insurance Education- - Federal Charter for Insu rance and Amminty Association Goverment Insurance Housing--Insurance- -Riots Insurance Coverage for Women see also Women Insurance--Fair Plan Insurance - -Floods see National Flood Insurance P rogram Insurance, Health see Health Insurance Insurance--No Fault Insurance--Shoppers Guide Integration see also Civil Rights entries Education --Busing Negroes - - entries Interest Rates ee also Banking and Currency Commitr.·c Interest Rates Banking and Currency Committee--Prime Interest Rate Banking and Currency Committe--Savings and Loan Interior (Dept. Of} Interior (Dept . of}--Oil Shale Program see also Energy Crisis Oil Leases Intelligence, Select Committee See Select Committee on Intelligence Internal Security see also Congress--House Unamerican Activities Committee Wire Tapping and Bugging Intern ational Development Association see Banking and Currency Committee-­International Development Association International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act see also Arms Control Internation al Trade Commission see also T rade--Exports and Imports In ternat ional T rade Subcommittee Not ices In te rstate Commerce Commission see also Movers of Household Goods Interstate Horseracing Act In terviews see also News Releases--Radio Press Comments Press and News Reporters Intra-Ut erine Devices see Medical Device Amendments Invi tations Israel see Foreign Affairs--Israel Jeanette Rankin see Commemorative Postage Stamp for Jeanette Rankin J efferson Barracks J efferson Barracks- - Landmark Status J efferson Barracks--National Cemetery Memorial Chapel J effe rson Barracks Park J efferson Nation al Expansion Memorial see also Lewis and Clark National Park Services St. Louis- -Arch St . Louis--Jefferson Nation al Expansion Memorial Jefferson National Expansion Memorial- - Bills J efferson Nat ional Expansion Memorial- ­Brochure J efferson Nat ional Expansion Memorial-­Budget Material Jefferson National Expansion Memor ial-­Building a Replica of Fort San Carlos J efferson Nat ional Expansion Memorial-­Clippings J efferson Nat ional Expansion Memorial-­Congressional Record Inserts J effe rson National Expa nsion Memorial-­Dedication Jefferson National Expansion Memorial-­File for Hearing J effe rson Nat ional Expansion Memorial-­Ground Breaking Ceremonies Jefferson National Expansion Memorial-­Releues, etc. J efferson National Expansion Memorial-­River Music Barge J efferson National Expansion Memori al-­Showboa t Goldenrod J effe rson National Expansion Memorial-­Testimony of Mrs. Sullivan Jefferson National Expansion Memorial - Visitors Center Jeff-- Vander-Lou see Housing--Jeff- Vander-Lou Jewish War Veterans see also Veterans' Administration Job Training Program see also Labor- -Manpower Development and Training Poverty Program- - St. Louis Job Corps Center St. Louis Job Corps Center Johnson, Lyndon Baines Joint Committee on Defense Production See also Banking and Currency Committee-- Defense Production Act Joint Committee to Investigate Crime see also Crime- - General Joint Economic Committee Jordan see Foreign Affairs--Jordan Judge Oliver see Oliver, Judge Judiciary see also Federal Judicial Center Impeachment (Justice Douglas) Supreme Court Justice Department Junior Village Juvenile Delinquency see also Crime--General Prisons KMOX see Radio and Television entries see also Housing KMOX Editorials News Releases--Radio KWK, Radio Station see Radio Station KWK Kansas-Texas RR see Missouri-Kansas-Texas RR Kennedy, John F . Kennedy, John F .--Assasination Kennedy, Jonn F .- -Eulogies Kennedy, John F .- -Holiday see a/ so Holidays Kennedy, John F .--Inaugural Address Kennedy, John F .--First Day Cover Issues see a/so Commemorative Stamps Kissinger, Henry see also State, Dept. of Kluxzynski Federal Office Building Korea see Foreign Affairs --Korea Koscuisko St. see Housing--Public--Kosciusko St. Krebiozen see Drugs, Krebiozen Labor see a/ 0 Employment Entries National Labor Relations Board -- Century Electric Company Postal Union Recognition Railroads - -Shopcraft Unions Strikes Unions Labor- - Davis-Bacon Labor-- Fair Labor Standards Labor-- Farm Labor See also Agriculture Labor--Handicapped W orkera see also Employment of the Handicapped Handicapped Labor Legislation see also Right to Work Labor--Manpower Development Training see also Job Training Corps Center Poverty Program--St. Louis Jobs Corps Center St. Louis Job Corps Center Labor Organizations--AFL-CIO Labor Orgnaizations--Misc. Labor- -Railroads see Railroads--Shopcraft Unions Labor- - Situs P icketing Labor Unions--Homes for the Aged Labor-- Workmen's Compensation Laws Lacey Act see also Conservation--Wildlife Laclede Fur Company Laclede Gas see Gas--Laclede Gas Laclede Town see Housing- - Laclede Town Lafayette Square see Housing--Lafayette Square Land Bank see Federal Land Bank of St . Louis Land Clearance see Housing--St. Louis Housing and Land Clearance Authority Land Management Organic Act Land Use Bill--Against Land Use Bill- - For LaSalle Park see Housing--LaSalle Park Lead Poisoning see Housing-- Lead Poisoning Law Enforcement Assistance Administratiom see also Crime--General Grants--Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Missouri--Highway Patrol League of Women Voters see also Voters Women Learning Business Centers see also Grants--Educational Unemployment Lebanon see Foreign Affairs- - Lebanon Legal Aid Society see also Crime--General Legal Services Corporation Legislative Activities Disclosure Act Legislative Proposals Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 see also Congressional Reorganization Lettuce see National Commission on Food Marketing--Lettuce Study Lewis and Clark see also Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Libraries see also Bookmobile Books sent to Libraries and Schools Education--Bookmobile Libraries--Depository Library Extension, Congressional Library of Congress Library Services Lifeline Rate Act see a/so Energy Conservation Federal Power Commission Union Electric Company Lincoln Sesquicentennial Commission Loans--Student see Education- - College Loan Program see a/so Education--Student Aid Bill Lobby Groups Lobbying Local Public Works Capital Development and Investment Act see a/so Public Works Lock and Dam 26 at Alton, Ill. Lock and Dam 26--Clippings Lockheed Corp. see Banking and Currency Committee-­Lockheed Case Lotteries see also Gambling Low Income Housing see Housing--President 's Task Force on Low Income Housing Lumber see a/ 0 Forestry Legislation Housing--Building Sciences Timber Supply Lumber Preservation Legislation see a/so T imber Supply Harry Lundeberg School see a/so Maritime Academies MAST Program MIA see Missing in Action See a/ SO Foreign Affairs -- Vietnam Magna Carta Select Committee to Investigate Missing in Action see a/so American Revolution Bicentennial Malpractice see Medical Malpractice Claims Settlement Assistance Act Management and Budget, Office of see also Budget Manpower see also Employment Labor- -Manpower Development and Training Health Manpower Bill Poverty Program-- Office of Economic Opportunity Mansion House Maritime Academies see a/ so Harry Lundeberg School Martin Luther King Bridge see a/ 0 Highways St. Louis- -Highways Maryville see Housing--Maryville Meals on Wheels see also Aging Meat Grading ee Grading, Meat Meat Imports see a/so Trade--Imports and Exports Meat Inspection see also Fish Inspection Inspection, Food Poultry Inspection Meat Inspection Bill Meat Inspection--St. Louis Independent Packing Company Meat Packers see a/so Independent Meat Packers Medical Care see a/so Health entries National Health Care Act Medical Device Amendments Medical Education see Education--Nurses and Medical Students see a/so Medical Schools Military Medical Schools Medical Emergency Transportation and Services Act Medical Insurance for Radiation Treatment see also Cancer Health Insurance Medical Malpractice Claims Set tlement Assistance Act Medical Schools see also Education--Nurses and Medical Students Mental Health Health Manpower Bill Nurse Training Act see also Health- -Mental Meramec Basin News Stories see also Conservation Meramec Basin or River see Conservation--Meramec Entries Merchant Marine see Harry Lundeberg School see also Coast Guard Maritime Academics Metric System Metropolitan Youth Commission see a/so Youth Affairs Middle East see Foreign Affairs- - Middle East Militants see also Civil Rights-- Clippings Education--Campus Unrest Negroes--Black Militants Military Construction Appropriation Bill see also Defense Appropriations Military Expenditures see a/so Defense Appropriations Military Medical School Military Pay see alSO Armed Forces Defense Appropriations Military Procurement see a/so Defense Appropriations Defense Contracts Military Retirement Milk see a/so Agriculture FDA--Milk Mill Creek Valley see Housing--Mill Creek Valley Mine Safety Act see a/so Black Lung Act Coal Hazardous Occupational Safety and Health Act Mining Mine Safety and Health Act Mineral Resources see also Coal Minimum Wage see a/so Employment Wage and Price Controls Mining see a/so Coal Mine Surface Area Protection Act Mine Safety Act Missouri Bureau of Mines Mink Ranchers Minority Groups see also Equal Employment Indians Negroes--Minority Groups Women Miscellaneous Organintions see a/so National Organintions Questionable Organizations Missiles see Nike Base Aeronautics and Space Arms Control Missini in Action ee also Foreign Affairs --Vietnam Missing in Action, Select Committee to Investigate ee Select Committee to Investigate Missing in Action Mississippi Queen see Delta Queen/Mississippi Queen Missouri, State of Missouri --Adult Education Act see a/ 0 Education--Adult Missouri--Area Redevelopment Missouri, Bureau of Mines see also Mining Missouri --Disaster Area see also Civil Defense Floods Missouri - - Election Laws see a/so Missouri-- Redistricting Missouri --Excess Property see a/so Federal Excess Property Missou ri - - Flood see also Floods National Flood Insurance Program Missouri -- Grants see Grants entries Missouri --Highway Patrol see a/ 0 Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Missouri--Housing see Housing--Missouri Missouri - - Institute of Psychiatry Missouri --Kansas-Texas RR see a/ o Railroad entries Missouri --Motor Vehicles Missouri -- Ozarks Regional Commission Missouri - - Redistricting ee al o Missouri --Election Laws Redistricting Missouri - - Sesquicentennial Miaaouri - - State Politics see a/ SO St. Louia-- Politica Women in Politics Missou ri State Society Missouri-- University see also Education- -Higher Education Grants--Many Sources-­University of Missouri Missouri-- Missouri A Missouri B Missouri C-Com Missouri Con-Dept. of D Missouri Dept. of E­Missouri Dept of F-G Missouri H Missouri 1-N Missouri 0-P Missouri 0 -Z Mobil Homes see Housing- - Mobil Homes Model Cities see Housing--Model Cities Moratorium see a/so Foreign Affairs--Cambodia Foreign Affairs-- Vietnam Mortgages and Interest Rates see a/so Banking and Currency Committee-­Variable Interest Mortgage Rates Federal National Mortgage Association Movers of Household Goods see also Interstate Commerce Commission Mullanphy Project see Housing- -Mullanphy Project NAACP see Negroes - - National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NLRB ee National Labor Relations Board- ­Century Electric Company National A-National H see also Miscellaneous Organiroations National !- National Q National R-National Z National Academy for Fire Prevention and Central Site Selection Board see a/ SO Fire Prevention National Aeronautics and Space Act see also Aeronautics and Space--Space Program National Air Guard Employment see a/so National Guard National Association for the Advancement of Colored People see Negroes--National Association for the Advancement of Colored People National Bicentennial Highway Safety Year see also American Revolution Bicentennial Highway Safety National Cemeteries (Jefferson Barracks) National Cemeteries . ee Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery Memorial Chapel National Center for Women ee also Women National Commission of Consumer Finance Appendices ee al 0 Banking and Currency Committee-­Consumer Credit National Commission on Consumer Finance Chapter I National Commission on Consumer Finance Chapter II National Commission on Consumer Finance Chapter Ill National Commission on Consumer Finance Chapter IV National Commission on Consumer Finance Chapter VI National Commission on Consumer Finance Chapter VIII National Commission on Consumer Finance Chapter IX National Commission on Consumer Finance Chapter X National Commission on Consumer Finance Chapter XI National Commiaaion on Consumer Finance Chapter XII National Commission on Consumer Finance--Clippings National Commission on Consumer Finance-­Correspondence National Commission on Consumer Finance--Press Kat National Commission on Consumer Finance-- Speeches National Commission on Consumer Finance- -Studies National Commission on Food Marketing see also Agriculture National Commission on Food Marketing -­Attempt to Form Commission see also National Commission on Food Marketing- - Creation of the Commission National Commission on Food Marketing-­Background Material National Commission on Food Marketing-­Congratulatory Notes to Mrs. Sullivan National Commission on Food Marketing-- Hearings National Commission on Food Marketing-­Bracero Study see also Farm Workers National Commission on Food Marketing-­Chain Stores National Commission on Food Marketing-­Clippings National Commission on Food Marketing-­Commission Meetings National Commission on Food Marketing · Consumer lnformata on see a/ SO Consumer Interest - - Miscellaneous National Commission on Food Marketing- ­Correspondence National Commission on Food Marketing-­Creation of the Commission See al;o,o Batuibak Commission on Food Marketing- -Attempts to Form the Commission National Commission on Food Marketing- ­Formal Interviews National Commission on Food Marketing-­General Info National Commission of Food Marketing-­Individual Views of the Report National Commission on Food Marketing-­Lettuce Study National Commission on Food Marketing-­Press Releases National Commission on Food Marketing-­Questionaire Correspondence National Commission on Food Marketing-­Report Status National Commission on Food Marketing-­Speeches National Commission on Food Marketing-­Staff Changes National Commission on Food Marketing-­Staff Selection National Commission on Food Marketing National Commission on Food Marketing-­Chapter 13 of Final Report National Commission on Neighborhoods National Commission on Productivity see also Banking and Currency entries National Consumer Cooperative Bank Act see Banking and Currency Commission-- National Debt National Consumer Cooperative Bank Act see also Debt Ceiling Bill Government Debt National Defense see a/ SO Armed Services Defense National Defense Education Act see Education- -National Defense Education Act National Development Bank see Housing--National Development Bank National Diabetes Advisory Board see also Diabetes Research National Digestive Disease Act of 1976 National Endowment for the Arts see Grants--National Endowment for the Arts National Endowment for the Humanities see Grants--National Endowment for the Humanities National Energy and Conservation Corporation see also Energy Conservation National Family Week National Federation of Independent Business see also Small Business Administration National Flood Insurance Co see also Flood Insurance Program Floods Missouri--Flood National Good Neighbor Day National Guard see also Air Guard Armed Services National Air Guard Employment National Hairdressers and Cosmetologists National Health Care Act see also Health Legislation Medical Care National Health Insurance Health Insurance National Historic Preservation Act Historic Preservation Housing--Operation Rehab Housing- - Soulard Area National Housing Act see Housing--National Housing Act National Institute on Aging see also Aging Elderly Older Americans Act Select Committee on Aging National Labor Relations Board- - Century Electric Company see also Labor National Opportunity Camps National Park Service see a/so Conservation entries Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Parks National Safe Boating Week see also Boating Coast Guard National Saint Elizabeth Seton Day National Service Corps see a/so Peace Corps National Science Foundation see a/so Foundations Grants--National Science Foundation National Stamping Act see also Coinage National Summer Youth Program see Poverty Program- - National Summer Youth Program National Tennants Organization see Housing--National Tenants Organization Natural Gas see a/so Energy Conservation Laclede Gas Natural Gas Act see a/so Energy Conservation Natural Gas Act--Amendments Naturalized Citir.ens See Immigration --Naturalir.ed Citizens Negroes --Black Militants see also Civil Rights--Clippings Militants Negroes--Commission on History and Culture Negroes - - General see a/so Housing--Negroes-- Integration Negroes--Minority Group see a/so Minority Groups Negroes-- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ee a[ SO Civil Rights entries Neighborhood Facilities Grant see Housing- -Neighborhood Facilities Grant Neighborhoods ee National Commission on Neighborhoods See a/so National Good Neighbor Day National Historic Preservation Act Nerve Gas see a/so Arms Control New York City Financial Crisis See Banking and Currency Committee-- Emergency Financial Assistance Act Newcastle Project see Housing-- Newcastle Project News Releases --Radio see a/so Interviews Press and News Reporters Presa Comments Radio Radio and Television--Press Releases and Interviews Sullivan, Leonor K., Press Releases Sullivan, Leonor K., Publicity Newspaper Preservation Act Newspapers see a/so Pulitr;er, Joseph Freedom of the Press Nike Base see a/so Arms Control Nine One One see Emergency Telephone Number Nixon, Richard M see also Agnew, Spiro T . Immunity (Nixon) Impeachment Vice President Watergate Nixon, Richard M.- -Pardon, Against Nixon, Richard M.--Pardon, For Nixon, Richard M.--Transition Allowance No-Fault Insurance see Insurance--No- Fault Noise Control Act Nuclear Energy see a/so Atomic Energy Energy Crisis entries Panama Canal- - Nuclear Technology Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty see Foreign Affain-- Non- Proliferation Treaty Nuclear Weapons see a/su Arms Control Atomic Bomb--Fallout Shelters Atomic Energy Weapons Nuclear W capons--Radioactive Fallout see a/so Atomic Bombs--Fallout Shelters Nuclear Weapons- -Testing Nurse Training Ad see a/so Education--Nurses Medical Students Health Manpower Medical Schools Nurses see a/so Education--Nurses and Medical Students Nursin!{ Homes see also Housing--Elderly Aging Nut rition see a/so FDA--Diet Foods OEO FDA--Special Dietary Foods FDA--Vitamin Supplements Food Crisis ee Grants--OEO-- Missouri see also Poverty Program entries OSHA see Hazardous Occupational SafeLy and Health Act see a/so Occupational Safety and Health Administration Obscene Literature Obscenity Occupational Safety and Health Administration see a/ SO Hazardous Occupational Safety and Health Act O'Fallon Area see Housing--O'Fallon Office of Economic Opportunity see Granta--OEO--Miuouri see a/so Poverty ProiJ'am--Office of Economic Opportunity Office of Management and Budget see Management and Budget, Office of Office of Technology Alleaament see a/so Technology Aaaeasment Office Official Gazette-- List Oil lmporta see also Energy Crisis Oil Leases Foreign Affairs--Middle East Trade--Imports and Exports ee a/ 0 Elk Hills Oil Reserve En rgy Crisis Interior (Dept. of) - - Oil Shale Program Older Americans Act ee a/ o Aging Oliver, Judge Olympic Games Olympics Ombudsman Elderly- -Employment Opportunitiea Nation I Institute on Aging Select Committee on Aging see Housing--Ombudsman Omnibus Operation Breakthrough see Housing- - Operation Breakthrough Opportunity Camps see National Opportunity Campa Outer Continental Shelf Landa see a/ o Coaat Coa~tal Area~ Overseaa Private Investment Corporation Onrk Lead Company Onrka Regional Commisaion Ozone Protection Act Pow·. ee Foreign Affaira-- Vietnam P cemakers See Medical Device Amendments Pacific Air Routes ee a/ 0 Airlines Panama Canal- - Clipping• Panama Canal--Congressional Record Jnaerta Panama Canai--Corr apondence-­Armatrong, Anthony Pan am a Canal--Correspondence--Flood, Daniel J Panama Canal--Correspondence--General Panama Canal Correspondence--Harman, Philip Panama Canal Correspondence- - Raymond , David Panama Canal--Daily Digest Panama Canal--Finance Panama Canal--Hearings Panama Canal--Inspection Visit Panama Canal-- Legislation Panama Canal--Legislative Correspondence Panama Canal--Living Conditions Panama Canal --Military Penonnel Panama Canal--Miscellaneous and Reports Panama Canal--Nuclear Technology see also Nuclear Energy Panama Canal- -Operations Panama Canal--Panama and Treaty Panama Canal--Sea Level Canal Study Commission-­Correspondence Panama Canal--Sea Level Canal Study Commission--Legislation Panama Canal--Sea Level Canal Study Commission--Reports P anama Canal Tolla Pam- medica see Medical Emergency Transportation and Services Act P ara-quad Housing see Housing- -Para-quad P ardon of Richard Nixon see Nixon, Richard M. --Pardon Parks see a/so Conservation entries National Park Service P arochial Schools see Education- -Aid to Parochial Schools Passports Patents Peabody Area see Housing--Peabody--Clippings Peace Corpa see also National Service Corps Peace, Dept. of Penn Central Railroad ee Banking and Currency Committee--Penn Central P ension Plan Pension Reform Peru see Foreign Affain--Peru Pesticides see Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1976 ee a/so FDA--Pesticide entries Pets see Household Peta Photograph Request see Sullivan, Leonor K.--Photograph Request Physicians--Malpractice ee Medical Malpractice Claims Settlement Assistance Act Poelker, J ohn H see also St. Louis--Mayor Poisons see a/ so- -Housing--Lead Poisoning Polio Vaccine see Health --P olio Vaccine Political Education, Committee On Politics see Missouri --State Politica see also St. Louis--Politics Women in Politics Pollution Sl!£' a/so Air Pollution Clean Air Act Solid Waste P ollution Water Pollution Pollution--Noise see Noise Control Act Pollution--Solid Waste see Solid Waste Pollution see also Air Pollution Water Pollution Poor People 's Campaign Pope John XX:IIl Population Crisis Committee see also Food Crisis Population Growth see also Birth Control Census Family Planning Food Crisis Immigration Sex Education Portraits--Presidents see Presidents' P ortraits Post Card Registration see a/so Election Reform--Post Card Registration Voter Registration Post-Dispatch see Pulitzer, Joseph Newspapers Post Office Closings Post Office Department Post Office Regulations Postage Increase Postal Boutiuqea see also Commemorative Stamps Postal Clippings Postal Legislation Postal Pay Raise Postal Rate Commission Postal Rates Postal Rates --REA Postal Reform Legislation Postal Reform Material Postal Reorganization and Salary Postal Service Adjustment Act see a/so Grants--Post Office-- St . Loui£ Postal Strike see also Strikes Postal Union Recognition see a/ so Labor Unions Potato Bill Poultry- - Application to Make St. Louis see a/ o Food Poultry Indemnity Bill Poultrr Inspection see a/. 0 Fish Inspection Meat Inspection Poverty Program- -Clippings Poverty Program--Day Care Center see also Poverty Program-- Head Start Centers Poverty Program- -St. Louis-­Daycare St. Louis Day Care Poverty Program- - Foster Grandparents Poverty Program--General see also Housing--Low Income Poverty Program--Head Start Centers see a/so Poverty Program--Day Care Centers Poverty Program--St. Louis -­Day Care Centers St. Louis Day Care Poverty Program--Human Development Corporation see also Poverty Program--St. Louis-­Human Development Corp Poverty Program--Material Poverty Program--Micellaneous Poverty Program--National Summer Youth Program see also Poverty Program--Summer Youth Program Summer Youth Employment and Recreation Poverty Program--Office of Economic Opportunity see also Grants--OEO--Missouri Labor--Manpower Development and Training Manpower Poverty Program--Office of Economic Opportunity-­Amendments Poverty Program--Office of Economic Opportunity--Cuts Poverty Program--St. Louis--Day Care see also Poverty Program--Day Care Centers Poverty Program- - Head Start Centers St. Louis Day Care Poverty Program--St. Louis Human Development Corporation see a/so St. Louis Human Development Corp. Poverty Program--St. Louis Job Corps Center see also Job Training Program Labor--Manpower Development and Training St. Louis Job Corps Center Poverty Program--St. Louis Small Business Development Center see also Banking and Currency-- Small Business Administration St. Louis--Small Business Administration Small Business Administration Poverty Program--St. Louis Workers Poverty Program--Summer Youth Programs see also Poverty Program--National Summer Youth Program Summer Youth Employment and Recreation Poverty Program--Total Bay Project Poverty Program- - VISTA Powell , Adam Clayton see also Congress--Scandala Prayer in School see Religion- - Prayer in School Preservatives see Food and Drug Adminislralion-- Preserv atives President Ford see Nixon, Richard M.--Pardon President Johnson see Johnson, Lyndon Baines President Kennedy see Kennedy, John Fihgerald President Nixon see Nixon, Richard M Presidential Pardon see Nixon, Richard M.,--Pardon Presidents' Portraits President.' Task Force on Low Income Housing see Housing--President'• Taak Force on Low Income Housing "Presidio 27" see also Armed Service• Press Comments see a/so Interviews News Releaaes --Radio Preas and News Reporters Sullivan, Leonor K.--Press Releases Sullivan, Leonor K.-- Reaction to Presidenti al Statements Press and News Reporters see a/ SO Interviews Price Freeze News Releases--Radio Press Comments Sullivan, Leonor K.-- Press Releases Sullivan, Leonor K.--Reaction to Presidental Statements see also Wage and Price Controls Prisoners of War See Foreign Affaire --Vietnam Prisons ee also Crime- - General Juvenile Deliquency Privacy See a/so Right to Financial Privacy Act Private Schools See Education--Aid to Private Schools Productivity See Banking and Currency Committee-­National Commission on Productivity Protection of Independent Service Station Operators see also Energy entries Pruitt - Igoe See Housing--Public Housing-- Pruitt - lgoe Public Buildings see alSO Federal Buildings Public Health Service Hospitals see also Hospitals --Closing Public Housing See Housing--Public Housing Public Relations See also FDA--Cranberries Public Works see a/ 0 Local Public Works Capital Development and lnveatment Act Publications--Consumer Product Info See al 0 Consumer Product Information Bulletin Publications-- Family Fare Publications-- Packet for the Bride see a/so Consumer Interest --Miscellaneous Publications Request Publications Request for Seal Plaques Pueblo Affair see Foreign Affairs--Pueblo Puerto Rico see a/so Foreign Affaire--Puerto Rico Pulitzer, Joseph see also Newspapere Quality Education Study see also Education--Miscellaneous Queen Isabella Questionable Organizations see also Miscellaneous Organizations REA see Postal Rates--REA ROTC see Reserve Officere Training Program Radiation Treatment see Medical Insurance for Radiation Treatment Radio see a/ SO Communications Equal Time Federal Communications Commission Freedom of the Press News Releases- -Radio Sullivan, Leonor K.--Publicity Radio and Television--Clippings Radio and Television Correspondence Radio and Television Editorials see a/so Housing--KMOX Editorials Radio and Television--Harry Flannery Radio and Television--Press Releases and Interviews see also Sullivan, Leonor K.--Press Releases News Releases--Radio Radio and Television--Broadcasts which Demean Radio Station KWK Radioactive Fallout see Nuclear Weapons-- Radioactive Fallout Rail pax Railpax--Material and Information Railroad Brotherhoods and Organizations see a/ SO Railroad Strikes Railroads--Shopcraft Unions Strikes Unions Railroad Legislation see also Banking and Currency Committee-­Penn Central Missouri-Kansas and Texas RR Railroad Passenger Service ee a/so Railroads--Discontinuance of Passenger Trains Railroads-- Rail fax/ Amtrak Railroad Retirement Legislation Railroad Safety Railroad Strikes see a/so Railroad Brotherhoods and Organizations Railroads- -Strikes Strikes Railroads see Miuouri-Kanau Texas RR see also Bankinc and Currency CommiLLee-­Penn Central Rock Island Railroad Railroads--Discontinuance of Paasanger Tram Serv1ce see also Railroad P aaaencer Service Railroad•-- Rail pax/ Amtrak Railroads--Emercency Rail T ransportation Improvement and Employment Act Railroada--Railpax/ Amtrak see also Railpax Railroad P aaaenger Service Railroada--Discontinuance of Passenger T rain Service Railroads- - Strikea see also Railroad Brotherhoods and Organir.ations Railroad Strikes Strikes Unions Railroads - -Sbopcraft Unions see also Labor Rat Cont rol R ilroad Brotherhoods and Organir.ations Uniona Strike• see a/ 0 St. Louis Rat Control Raymond, David see Panama Canal - - Correspondence -­Raymond, David Recipes Recreat ion ee a/ SO Boating Recycling Waste ee also Conservation --Misc. Red China Energy Conservation Solid Wute Pollution See Foreicn Affai re -- Red China Redistricting See a/so Missouri --Redist ricting Redwood National Parka see Conservation Redwood Nat ional P ark Referrals Regulat ion Q see Banking and Currency Commission -­Citicorp Rehabilit ation See Housing- - Rehabilitation See a/so Housinc- -Operation Rehab Housing- - Rock Springs Rehabilitation Association Religion Religion -- Prayer in School Renegotiation Act of 1951 Rent Strikes see Housing--P ublic Housing--Rent Strike Rent Supplements See Housing--Rent Supplements Reorganir.ation P rogram Re-- Pricing Commodities ee a/so Commodity Exchange Act Commodity Futures Republic of China See For ign Affairs-- Republic of China Republican National Convention Reserve Officers Training Program Resignations Retirement :;ee Military Retirement see a/so Railroad Retirement Legislation Revenue Sharing see a/so Urban Affairs Revenue Sharing Information Rhodesia see Foreign Affairs- - Rhodesia Richards- -Gebaur Air Force Base see a/ SO Air Force Re.location to Scott AFB Rice see Agriculture--Rice Bill Right to Food Resolut ion see a/so Food Crisis Hunger and Malnutrition Right to Financial Privacy Act see a/so Consumer Credit Financial Disclosure Privacy Right to Work ee a/ ·o Labor Legislation Riots see Crime- -Riots ee a/so Housing--Insurance --Riots Rivers ee Floods Missouri--Flood National Flood Insurance Program Robinson- -Patman Act see a/ 0 Anti--Trust Laws Rock Island Railroad Rock Spring Rehabilitation Association see Housing--Rock Springs Rehabilitation Association Roth Study see Grants- -Roth Study Rural Development Act Rural Electr ification Administration Russia ·ee Foreign Affairs- - Soviet Union SALT Safe Drinking Water Act Safety - -Highway see Highway Safety Safety- -Railroad see Rai lroad Safety Sailors see Harry Lundeberg School see a/so Maritime Academies Saint Elizabeth Seton see National Saint Elir.abeth Seton Day St . Joesph 's Hospital St . Louis A-Me St . Louis My-Z Saint Louis St . Louis - -Airport see a/ 0 Airports St . Louis - -Arch see J effe rson National Expansion Memorial St. Louis- -Aldermanic Affairs St. Louis Archdiocesan Council of Catholic Women see Council of Catholic Women St. Louis Area Council of Governments St . Louis--Banking see Banking and Currency--St. Louia Banking St . Louis Beautification Commia1ion St. Louis Bicentennial St. Louis--Bi-State Development Agency St. Louis--Bi-State Re(ional Medical Program St. Louis Board of Aldermen St. Louis Board of Education St. Louis- -Board of Education- -Property at 4100 Forest Park Ave St. Louis- -Board of Election Commiasioners St. Louis--Boards of Directors of Local St. Louis Bridges St. Louis Cardinal• Companies St. Louis - -Challenge of the 70's St. Louis - -City- County Consolidation St. Louis- -City Employees St. Louia--Civil Defenae St. Louis- - Clippings St. Louis--Comptroller's Report St. Louis- -Consumer Affairs Board see also Conaumer St. Louis Consumer Federation St . Louis Convention Center St. Louis Convention Piasa Land St. Louis - - Coroner St . Louis County St. Louis County- - Clippings St. Louis Courthouse St. Louis Day Care ee a/ 0 Poverty Program- -Day Care Centers Poverty Program- -Head Start Center Poverty Program--St. Louis Day Care St. Louis - -Dea Perea Project St. Louis--Downtown St . Louis - -East - West Gateway Coordinating Council see East - West Gateway Coordinating Council St. Louis--Federal Building St. Louis-- Federal Building- -Clippings St . Louis --Gateway Army Ammunition St. Louis--Grants see Grants- - Entries Plant St. Louis--Health & Welfare Council see Health & Welfare Council of Greater St. Louia St. Louis--Highwaya See a/so Highway through St. Louis Martin Luther King Bridge St . Louis Housing see Housing- - St . Louis entries St. Louis Housing and Land Clearance Authroity ·ee Housing-- St. Louis and Land Clearance Authority St . Lou1s Housing Code Enforcement See Housing--St . Louis Code Enforcement St . Louis Housing Plan see Housing- -St . Louis Housing Plan St. Louis Human Development Corporation see Poverty Program--St . Louis Human Development Corp. ee a/ 0 Poverty Program- -Human Development Corp. St. Louis Independent Packing Company see Meat Inspection--St . Louis Independent Packing Company St. Louis- - Indian Cultural Center St. Louis--Jefferson National Expansion Memorial see Jefferson National Expansion Memorial St. Louis Jobs Corps Center see also Job Training Program Labor--Manpower Development and Training Poverty Program--St. Louis Jobs Corps Center St. Louis--Labor Relations--St. Louis Plan St. Louis Layoffs St. Louis Levee St. Louis- -Mansion House see Mansion House St. Louis--Mayor see also Poelker, John H St. Louis- -Mayor- -Clippings St. Louis--Mayor's Council on Youth St. Louis --Municipal Opera St . Louis--National Museum St. Louis--National Park System St . Louis- -Old Post Office Building see a/so St. Louis Federal Building St. Louis Ordinance Plant see a/so St. Louis--Gateway Army Ammunition St. Louis--Parks St . Louis--Police St . Louis--Politics see a/so Missouri- -State Politics Women in Politics St . Louis --Port St. Louis--Port--Clippings St. Louis - -Port--Correspondence St. Louis Post- -Dispatch see Pulitr;er, Joseph Newspaper St . Louis Post Office--Curtailment of Service St . Louis--Post Office Discontinuance of Railway Post Office Service St . Louis Post Office--Operations see also Grants--Post Office--St. Louis St. Louis Post Office--Postal Data Center St . Louis --Poverty Program see Poverty Program--St. Louis entries St. Louis Public Service Employment St . Louis Rat Control see also Rat Control St. Louis Regional Industrial Development Corp. St . Louis Residential Manpower Center St . Louis--Revenue Sharing ee a/so Reven'ue Sharing St. Louis- -Savings and Loan Associations ee a/ so Banking and Currency Committee-­Savings and Loan St. Louis School Lists St. Louis School Tax St . Louis Senior Citizens see also Elderly St . Louis -- Small Business Administration see a/so Banking and Currency--Small Business Administration Poverty Program--St. Louis Small Business Development Center Small Business Administr:oL1on St. Louis--Solomon Rooks St. Louis--Symphony St. Louis- - Union Station St. Louis--U.S. Army St. Louis--U.S. Army--Automates Logistics Management Agency St. Louis--U.S. Army Aviation Research Center St. Louis--U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command St. Louis--U.S. Army Corps of Engineers see also Flood Control Flood Protection Project St. Louis U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-­Correspondence St. Louis U.S. Army Corps of Engineers- ­Newsletters St. Louis--U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-­North St. Louis Harbor St. Louis--U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-­Installations St. Louis--U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-­Material Command St. Louis- - U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Center St. Louis--U.S. Army Publications Center St. Louis--U.S. Army Reserve St. Louis- - U.S. Army Support Center St. Louis- - U.S. Department of Agriculture Laboratory St. Louis--U.S. Medical Laboratory St. Louis--U.S. Military Installations St. Louis--U.S. Military Personnel Record Center St. Louis Records Center St. Louis University St. Louis University--Agency for International Development St. Louis University--Commemorative Stamp St. Louis University--Fordyce Conference St. Louis University--Grants see Grants- -HEW- - St. Louis University see al 0 Grants--Many Sources--St. Louis University St. Louis University Medical School St. Louis University--One Hundred Fiftieth Anniverary of Its Founding- -Resolution St. Louis University - - Scott Shipe Case St. Louis Witholding Tax Sales Representative Protection Act Salk Vaccine see Health--Polio--Vaccine Savings and Loan Companies see Banking and Currency Committee-­Savings and Loan ee a/so Housing--Savings and Loan Scholarships and Fellowships School Lunch Program see also Education--Food and Nutrition Program School Milk Program see a/so Education--Food and Nutrition School Students Schools Program see a/ o Education entries Schools--Chrisiian Brothers ROTC Program Schools--Clippings see also Education--Clippings Schools--College Debate Topic Schools--Exchange Students Schools- -Grants see Grants--HEW- -Public Schools--High School Debate Topic Schools- - Integration see Integration Schools--Junior College District School Prayer see Religion --Prayer in Schools Schoir Investigation Scullin Steel Sea Level Canal see P anama Canal--Sea Level Canal Study Commission Seals see Publications Request for Seal Plaques Secret Service Securities Securities and Exchange Commission Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act Security Contract Guards Select Committee on Aging see also National Institute on Aging Older Americana Act Select Committee on Intelligence Select Committee to Investigate Assaainations Select Committee to Investigate Missing in Action see also Foreign Affairs--Vietnam Select Committee to Reform Congress see also Congress Selective Service Separation of Presidential Powers Series E Bonds Sesquicentennial of Missouri see Missouri--Sesquicentennial Seaton, Elizabeth see National Saint Elizabeth Seton Day Seven Day War see Foreign Affairs--Israel-Arab War Sex Education see also Birth Control Family Planning Illegitimacy Population Growth Shoe Imports Shoe Workers Silver . see Banking and Currency Committee- ­Silver Situs Picketing Against Situs Picketing For "Slug" Law see a/so Banking and Currency Coins Small Boat Owners see a/ so Boats Small Business Administration . see also Banking and Currency ~ommlttee-­Small Buamess National Federation of Independent Business Poverty Program--St. Louis Small Business Devl. Center St. Louis- -Small Busm h Administration Smnll Businese Growth and Job Creation Act Smithsonian Snoapers Sonp see Food and Drug Admini1tration--Soap Soccer Team Social & Rehabilitation Services Social Security--ADC Social Security--Amendments Social Security--Benefits at Age 72 Social Security--Deduction for Education Social Security--Dis bility Social Security--Divorced Widows Social Security--Earning Limitations Social Security- - Equipment Rental & Purchase Social Security--General Social Security- - Health Insurance Social Security--Hospitallnaurance see also Social Security--Medicaid Social Security- - Include Qualified Drugs Social Security- - Increased Benefits Social Security-- Derr--Milla Social Security- -King/ Anderson Social Security- - Legislation Social Security Legislation--ADC Social Security-- Limitations on Earnings Social Security--Material and Reports Social Security--Medicaid see also Socinl Security- - Hospital Insurance Social Security--Medicare Social Security- - Medicare- -Clippings Social Security- -Medicare- -Coverage of Cancer Test Social Security- - Medicare for Physicians Social Security--Medicare-- Independent Laboratoriea Social Security- - Medicare- -Newaletter from HEW Social Security- - Medicare--Nursing Homes see a/so Nursing Homes Social Security--Medic re--Optometric and Medical Vision Care Soci al Security- -Medicare- -Profeseional Standards Review Organization Social Security- -Medicare- - Prescription Drugs Social Security--Medicare Reform Act Social Security- -Miniaters Social Security--Old Age Assistance Social Security--Old Age Insurance Social Security--Petitions Social Security Programs Social Security -- Proof of Age Social Security--Public As1istance see a/so Welfare Social Security --Reader'• Digest Soci al Security --Reducing Age Limit Social Security--Retirement at 62 Social Security--Supplementary Benefits Social Security--Widow'a Benefit• Social Service Regulations Soft Drink lnduatry Solar Energy Information Solar Heating Legislation Solid Waate Pollution see also Air Pollution Soula.rd Area Pollution Recycling Wute Water Pollution ee Housing-- Soulard Area South St. Louis see Housing--South Broadway see a/so Housing--South Side Soviet Jews--Foreign Affairs Soviet Union see Foreign Affairs--Soviet Union Space--Apollo 11 Space- - Apollo 13 Space Program see a/so Aeronautics and Space National Aeronautics and Space Act Space Program-- Russian Spanish Pavilion Special Prosecutor Spending Ceiling Sports Stamps ee Commemorative Stamps Postage lncreaae Postal Boutique Stamps, Food see Food Stamp Plan State, Dept. of ee also Kissinger, Henry State Department Authorization Bill State Dept.--Danny the Red's . . . Stockpile Strikes see also Housing-- Public Housing- - Rent Stip Mining Strontium 90 Strikes Labor Entries Postal Strike Railroad Brotherhoods and Organizations Railroads- -Strikes Taft-Hartley Billa see Drugs, Strontium 90 Student Loans see Education -- College Loan Program see a/ so Education- -Student Aid Bill Student Militants see Militants Subsidy Programs Sugar Act Sullivan, Leonor K.--Appointmenta Sullivan, Leonor K.--Billa Sullivan, Leonor K.--Conferee Appointments Sullivan, Leonor K.--Congressional Record Items Sullivan, Leonor K.- -Dura Letter Sullivan, Leonor K.--Election Material Sullivan, Leonor K.--House Subcommittees Sullivan, Leonor K.--lnterviews Sullivan, Leonor K.--lnvitations see Invitations Sullivan, Leonor K. - -Letters Sent in Multiple Copies Sullivan, Leonor K. --Letters to Other Members of Congress Sullivan, Leonor K.-- &en Sullivan, Leonor K.--Oftlce AdmiaiHra&ioa Sulliv n, Leonor K.--P Req t SullivM, Leonor K - -Por&raU Sullivan, Leonor K.- -P ~ Jg(IU see also Praa and • lleponen PreMCommeau Radio aad Televiaion --P . a.~a . aad lntervie a Sulliv n, Leonor K.--P.- Rele UNil-66 Sullivan, Leonor K.--P.- lUI•- Ul67-72 Sullivan, Leonor K -- P.- 1•- UI73- Sullivan, Leonor K.--PubllcitJ see also e • Rele --Radio Radio Sullivan, Leonor K.--Qu.UOnn.U. Sullivan, Leonor K.--R.edpee see Recipea Sulliv n, Leonor K.--Rerernb see Referrala Sullivan, Leonor K.--Scholanhip A arcl Sullivan, Leonor K.--Reaction ~ Presidential St tementa see a/ 0 Praa Commenta Preu and e 1 Reporters Sulhv n, Leonor K --Speech Inform tion R.equ . t Sullivan, Leonor K --Speech., Sulliv n, Leonor K --Speech., on the Floor ol the House Sullivan, Leonor K.--Speech., to Outaide Groupa Sullivan, Leonor K.--Tatimony Before Commiu­SuJUvan, Leonor K.--Tributa Upon Retirement Sullivan, Leonor K.--Votinc Record See a/ 0 Foreicn Afrain--Vietnam- -Mn. Sullivan'• Voting Record Sullivllll, Leonor K.--Workinc Woman of the Year Award Summer Youth Employment and Recre tton see a/ 0 Poverty Program--National Summer Sun T n Lotion Youth Procram ee Food and Drug Adminiatration--Sun Sunshine Bill Tan Lotion See a/so Freedom of Information Act Superaonic Tranaport Supplemental Security Income Supreme Court see a/ o Impeachment (J uatice Douglu) Judiciary Surplua Property Swiss B nk Account. .see Banking and Currency- -Swiu Bank Account• Synthettc Fuela Loan Guarantee Bill Tart-Hartly Ad Taft -Hartly Billa see Strikea Tariffa Tariffa -- Canadian Tar~ffa -- Koken Comp niea, Inc. Tanff•--Reciprocal Trade Tariffa- -Shoe Import. Tariffa- -Shoe lmporta Congreaaion I Record lnHrtl and Background M teriala Tax IUbate ee a/ o Internal Revenue Service Tax a.duction Ad Tax Reform T:.x nerorm Correapondence Tax IUform- -Material Tax Study Legialation Taxa- -Airline Taxa--Airport Taxa--City Eaminp Tax Taxa- -Clippinp Taxa--Deduction for Dependent. Taxa--Deduction of Education of Dependents .)ee a/so Education--Tax Deduction for Education Taxea--Dividenda Taxea--Eatate Taxea--Exciae Taxea--Excise Can Taxes-- Excise Handbap Taxea- -Exise- -Truckl Taxe•·-Gu Taxea--Gu and Oil Depletion TI\Xet--Home Owners Tax Deductions Taxn-- lncome Taxa- -Single Persons Taxes-- Income Taxa Taxes-- Inspection of Tax Returns Taxes- - lnve•tment Tax Credit Taxn- -Mi•cellaneou• Taxes- -Municipal Bonds Taxes--Prnidential Election Campaign Taxn- -Self-Employed Person Taxe1--State Taxation of Interstate Commerce Taxes- -Surtax Taxes--Transportation of Household Goods Teachera Corps ee Education--Teacher'• Corps Teacher '• Ret irement Teamsters Teamsters- -Monitorship Teamsters - -Strike• Technology Asseament Office see a/ SO Office of Technology Aueasment Telecommunication• ee a/ o Communication• Telephone Rates Television ee a/ so Communications Equal Time Federal Communications Commi1sion Freedom of the Preas Televiaion and Radio Programa Television--CBS-- Selling of the Pentagon Televi1ion-- Education Television --Educational Television--KTVI Ten Park• Improvement Auociation see Housing--Ten Park Improvement Aaaociation Tennants' Organization see Hou•ing-- National Tennenta' Organization Thailidomide see Drugs, Thalidomide Thanks Youa Thomas J efreraon Day Till, Emmet Timber Supply see a/ o Lumber Lumber PreaervaLion Le(ialalion Total Boy Project see Poverty Program--Total Boy Program Tourism-- Legislation Town House Project see Housing- -T own Houae Project-­Clipping Toxic Substances Control Act Trade--Imports and Exports ee a/ 0 Fair Trade Trade Bill International Trade Commiuion Oillmporta Trade- - Import/Export Clippinp Trade--Import/Export Rhodnian Chrome Trade Reform Act Trade--Shoe Import Trading Stamps Transit- - Bi- State ee a/ SO Bus Services Transit- - Bi-State Meeting Transit --Mass Transit- -Maaa- - St. Louis Transition Allowance for Rich rd Nixon see Nixon, Rich rd M.--Transition Allowance Transportation see a/so Grants-- Dept. of Transportation-­St. Louis Transportation, Dept. of-- Proposed Regulations see a/ 0 Har;ardous Material Transportation Trust Fund Transportation- -Miscellaneous Treasury Treasury Bonds Troublemakers Truck Bill Trout See Food and Drug Administration--Trout Truman , Harry S.--Medal of Honor Truman, Harry S.--Memorial Scholarship Fund Turkey See Foreign Affai rs--T urkey Turnkey Projects see Housing--Cabanne T urnkey Project see also Housing--Forest Park Blvd Turnkey Project Housing--Turnkey Projects Twelfth and Park Area see Housing--Twel fth and P ark Unemployment 1.'1! also Employment Health Insurance for the Unemployed Learning Business Centers • Unemployment Compenaation see a[ 0 Emerg ncy Unemployment Compenaation Aesistance Unemployment Compensation Form Letter and Material Unidentified Flyinc Objecta Union Electric Company See a/ 0 Lifeline Rate Act Union - Sarah Area see Housing- - Union- Sarah Unions ~l'e a/so Labor Entriee United Nations Poetal Union Recognition Railroad Brotherhoods and Organisations Railroads- -Strikes Railroads--Shopcrart Unions see Foreign Affairs- - United Nations United Nations--Reception United States- - Dept. of Agriculture U.S. Forces Oversea& United States Information Agency United Steel Workers of America University of Missouri see Missouri- - University Upper Missippi River Baain Commission see a/so Conservation--Upper Missisaippi River National Recreation Area Flood Control Upward Bound see Education-- Upward Bound Urban Affairs see a/ 0 City Planning Revenue Sharing Urban Coalition Urban League Training Program Urban Renewal ee Housing- -Urban Renewal see also Housing--Rehabilitation USS Pueblo see Foreign Affairs--Pueblo Utility Regulation ee Lifeline Rate Act Utility Loans see Emergency Utility Loans VISTA see Poverty Program--VISTA Vaporir;ers see Food and Drug Administration-- Vaporir;ers Varnish see Food and Drug Administration--Varnish Vaughn Area see Housing--Vaughn Area Veteran 's Administration see also Jewish War Vetrans Veterans ' Administration- - St. Louis Regional Office Veterans ' Benefits--Miscellaneous Veterans' Day Veterans' Employment Legislation Veterans--GI Bill Veterans --General Veterans Hospitals Veterans Hospitals --Closing Veterans Hospital-- Cochran Veterans Hospital- - Cochran--Admissions Waiting List Veterans Hospitals- - Consolidation of Outpatient Clinic Veterans of Foreign Wars see Veterans ' Organisations Veterans Hospitala--Harry S. Truman Memorial Hospital Veterans Hospitals--Jefferson Barracks Veterans Hospitala--Jeffenon Barracks- ­Admissions Waiting List Ve ~erana Hoapitala- -Miacellaneoua Veterana' Hoapitali- - Nunin& Horne Care for V eteran• Veterans--St. Louia Conaolidation Veterana' - - Houainc Ve ~erans '-- Lecialation Veteran• - -Military Retirement Veterans-- National Cemeteriea see also Jefferaon Barraclu Veterans-- National Life lnauranee Service Veterans Orcanir.ationa Veterana Penaiona Veterans P naiona- - Miacellaneoua Veterans Pensiona- -Spaniah American War Widowa Veterans Penaiona--War Widowa Veterans Pensiona- -World War I Vice President see a/ SO Agnew, Spiro Nixon, Richard M. Vietnam see Foreign Affain- -Vietnam Vietnam--Miaaing in Action Vietnam--Prisionen of War see also Foreign Mfain Villa de Ville see Houaing-- Villa de Ville Vitamin Supplement• see Food and Drug Adminiatration -- Vitamin Supplement• Vocational Education see also Education--Residential Vocational Education Education- - Vocational Education Vocational Rehabilitation Voter Registration see also Election Reform--Post Card Voters Registration Federal Voting Assistance Program See also League of Women Voters Voting Age Voting Rights Act see also Election Reform Wage and Price Controls see also Minimun Wage Price Freer:e War Claims War Claims--Foreign War Insurance War Powers War Protest see Foreign Mfain--Vietnam see a/so F oreign Affaira--Cambodia Washington D.C. see District of Columbia Washington University see also Grants--HEW--Washington D.C. Grants--Many Sources-­Washington University Washington University Medical Center see Housing--Washington University Medical Center Water see also Food and Drug Administration -­Water Water Diveraion of the Misaiuippi River to Texas Water Flouridation :,ee Flouridation of Water Water Pollution see a/so Air Pollution Pollution Solid Waste Pollution Water Pollution Laboratory Water Resources Planning Act see Conservation--Water Resources Water,ate ee at so Nixon, Richard M Waterway User Changes see a/so Lock and Dam 26 Weapons see Arms Control see also Disarmament Nerve Gas Nuclear Weapons Nuclear Weapons--Testing Weather Weatherir.ation Assistance Act Welfare see also F amily Assistance Health and Welfare Council of Greater St . Louis Welfare-- Clippings ee also Family Assistance Material and Clippings Welfare--Family Support see also Family Assistance Act Wellston, MO see Housing--Wellston West End see Housing- -West End West Pine Apartments see Housing--West Pine Apartments Wheat Research and Promotion White House Conference on Aging White House Conference on Children White House Releases by President Wild Rivers Bill see Conservation--Wild Riven Wilderness see Conservation-- Wilderness Wire T apping and Bugging see also Internal Security Women see also Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs Anthony, Susan B. Insurance Coverage for Women League of Women Voters Minority Groups National Center for Women Women--Clippings Women- - Commissions on the Status of Women Women- -Employment Opportunities see also Equal Employment Equal Pay for Equal Work Women--Equal Rights Amendment see also Civil Rights--Equality for Women Women--Equal Rights--Clippings Women- - Equal Rights- - Congressional Material Women- - Equal Rights--Correspondence Women - - Equal Rights--Material Women--Higher Education Women in Military Academies Women in Politics see also Campaign Conference for Democn&ic Women Miaouri- -Sta&e Poli\ica St. Louia--Politica Women in Politica--Requ.ta for Jnfonnation Women in Public Service Women--Jnaurance see Jnaurance Covenc• for Women Women--International Women'• Year Women--Media Editorall and Repli• Women--Neweletten Women--Orcaniaatione see also Bueineu and Prof-ional Women'• Club Council of Catholic Women Workmen'• Compeneation Lawa see Labor- - Workmen'• Compeneation Lawa World Affaire Council World Federation Y oun1 Adult Coneervation Corpe Youn, American• for Freedom Youn& Democrat. of St. Louia Youth Affain see a/so Metropolitan Youth Commiuion Youth Appreciation Week Youth Camp Safety Act Youth Opportunity Unlimited 220-002738559 sro

PEBRUARY, 1901 ooTheoo ettysbiir Mercury CONTENTS The Flight of the Birds 239 The Taking of a United States Census 240 Pan-American Sports 243 A College Romance 244 The Treatment of the Skeptic 246 A Glimpse of Byron 248 Giving 254 Exchanges 255 Editor's Desk 258 The Past Our Present Pilot 259 A Financier (Continued) 263 A Twilight Reverie 266 "Taps" 266 An Era of Progress 268 G'BURG C. LIB. pUPLICATE FAVOR THOSE WHO FAVOR US. For Fine. Printing go to Tk Jo Eo Wile ftkilm Staff CARLISLE ST. GETTYSBURG, PA. C. B. Kitzmiller Dealer In Hats, Caps, Boots and Douglas Shoes GETTYSBURG, PA. R. M. Elliott Dealer in Hats, Caps, Shoes and. Gents' Furnishing Goods Corner Center Square and Carlisle Street GETTYSBURG, PA. EDGAR S. MARTIN, ^CIGARS AND SMOKERS' ARTICLES Chambersburs St., Gettysburg Leadership IN THE CLOTHING and MEN'S FURNISHING Business It is strictly here—everybody knows it. Testimony? The stock itself. The pen suffi-ciently nimble to tell all the good points of our ::::::: PALL AND WINTER. SUITS AND OVERCOATS has not been found. We will keep you dressed right up-to-date if you buy your Clothing and Furnishings here. : : : : STINE McPherson Block. No. II BALTIMORE STREET THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. The Literary Journal of Pennsylvania College. Entered at the Postoffice at Gettysburg as second-class matter% VOL. IX. GETTYSBURG. PA., FEBRUARY, 1901. No. 8. THE FLIGHT OF THE BIRDS. MARGARET (HIMES) SEEBACH. Not one by one on lonely wing, They seek afar a sunny clime, When winds a chill from ice-fields bring The sombre Autumn-time; But when the cold rain comes to beat On tattered nest and drooping feather, They rise in rushing flocks, to greet The South-land all together. Not one by one, as single souls, We seek thy sunshine, Land of Light, When o'er our love-lit sky uprolls The first black shade of flight. When Pain comes whispering, " Rise and go I I bring the heart's bleak winter weather," Our pilgrim souls clasp hands, and so We journey home together I 240 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY THE TAKING OF A UNITED STATES CENSUS. C. W. WEISER, '01. HPHE book-agent or peddler may meet with a door slammed in * his face, a couple of cross dogs let loose, or an angry and citrous tongue set wagging ; he may even meet with the toe of a boot, or some missile hurled violently at him—poor man ! But the enumerator who is discreet and courteous has none of these weapons of local warfare to fear. His way is paved by the an-nouncement in the local papers of his coming. All the cross dogs seem to be away on a visit, or else tied. The people greet you with, " I knew you'd be along ; I saw it in the paper.'' He, unlike the wretched book-agent, starts out knowing that he is going to succeed. He is not asking the people, in an indirect way, for dollars ; all he wants is their census. "Well, you hain't a going to get any of my senses," replied one woman. The census enumerator learns lessons and acquires experience which could be obtained in no other way. He comes in contact with all sorts and condition^ of men. Some of his experiences with these people are indelibly fixed in his memory. Many of them, indeed, are pleasant, and some of them ridiculously humor-ous ; while some of the scenes and tales of woe which incidentally come to his knowledge are pitiable in the extreme. It is our purpose to relate some of these experiences in the active service. In town the work was pleasant, and progressed rapidly, until I came to the manufacturing establishments, where it went slow. It was necessary to make a complete inventory of the books and property, which took much time. The proprietors, however, acted in a very courteous manner. In the country the work was more troublesome, owing to the distance between the different farms, and the rough roads I had to travel over. It was not an unusual occurrence to be seen pushing a wheel up a hilly road, which was almost too rough even for a buggy. The farmers were usually to be found in a back field at their corn. This meant a long tramp, and some-times several hours spent standing out under a scorching hot sun filling out the Agricultural report, for no one kept a book ac-count. But this was amply atoned for by a cordial invitation to a farmer's dinner. The required statistics were freely given, except in the case THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY 2A\ of a few illiterate people, who thought that this was only a scheme for increasing taxation. I met one man only who was unreason-able. Him, no amount of explanation would satisfy, until fright-ened into answering by the presentation of my census badge. All in all, the farmers proved themselves to be a well read, intel-ligent, courteous and hospitable people. It was, however, among the poor classes in or along themoun-tain side where one met with the most varied experiences. We came in contact with poverty and illiteracy of the most flagrant kind. The lack of suitable food and clothing was most evident. Some of the narratives were heartrending. I rapped at the closed door of a little shack one June morning, and soon saw the hag-gard and disheveled head of a distracted woman peer through a sidewindow. Soon the bolts were drawn and the door was opened. After I had completed the Population Schedule, and asked for the cause of the death of her child, the poor mother answered in tones of despair that it had frozen to death in bed one cold mid-winter night. Perched in an agony of physical and mental torment, in a lit-tle black hovel, through whose single window peered the dim light, I found a murderess—an ex-penitentiary convict. The look of despair, and fear, and torment, mirgled with every sign of the wildest passion, were sufficient to make one shudder. After a long and lonesome journey on horseback, through the wildest and most picturesque mountains in the state, I arrived one mid-day on the top of a lofty mountain. Far below lay a deep, narrow vale, wooded with the verdant forest. On the op-posite side loomed up lofty crags and peaks, proud sentinels of a scene of native grandeur which few have ever beheld, and which brought tears of rapture to the eye. In all this grand and lonely fastness there were but four families, for two of which I had to make this long trip. They had never been to school. Had no-where to go to church. Creeping in among the bushes I came across some rude hovels, in which dwelt gnome-like creatures, who spoke a dialect scarcely to be understood. The chief object which showed of any com-munication with the outside world, which I saw in one hovel, was a tin cup filled with tobacco standing in the centre of a rough table. Of this both men and women smoked and chewed. I suppose it was their only consolation. When asked the date of 242 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY their birth, the one replied that she was born in "the corn husk-ing time," another in the " huckleberry season." When asked their age, they simply couldn't tell; they hadn't the faintest idea. At another house I rapped at the door. A woman answered, and after I had stated my business she simply turned her back and walked away. I followed her into the house, opened my portfolio, and began work. When I asked the date of her birth she studied awhile and finally drawled out, "Why—m—1749." (She was about thirty years of age.) Another woman said she was born in 1896. One old man replied, " My mommy hut mir net gesat" (His mother hadn't told him). No doubt you will ask whether the condition of these people of the mountains cannot be helped. It cannot, at least in this generation. It has been tried. Some of the children have been brought out to the town schools, and after years of hard toil and unceasing, patient effort 011 the part of the teacher, these chil-dren have gone back as ignorant as when they came. They could not spell d-o-g or c-a-t. When given warm clothing they could not be induced to wear much of it. Habits of thought and neat-ness could not be taught to them. When they spoke to each other it was in such guttural, and so rapid, that no one else could understand. And is it any wonder that these people have become so de-praved and mentally estranged ? Isolated from the world, amidst wild and lone surroundings, they have always lived in the same spot where their ancestors lived for two hundred years back. Under such conditions the natural condition would be for these people to drift back towards a wild and animal state. Thus, coming in contact with the high and the low, the rich and the poor, it will readily be seen what a wide range for the study of humanity the enumerator has. Much of the social and moral condition of our country cannot be conveyed by the great round numbers of a census report. It remains buried in the heart of the enumerator. 'Many a dream has vanished away, Many an ideal turned to clay ; Many a friendship proved untrue— Constant and lasting, Oh, how few !" THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY 243 PAN-AMERICAN SPORTS. '"PHE President of the Pan-American Exposition recently appoint- *■ ed a Committee on Sports, as follows: Jesse C. Dann, Chairman, Dr. Chas. Cary, J. McC. Mitchell, John B. Olmsted, Chas. M. Ranson, Seward A. Simons, Wm. Burnet Wright, Jr. Soon after its appointment the committee invited the follow-ing named gentlemen to act as members of an Advisory Committee on Amateur Sports: Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Walter Camp, C. C. Cuyler, C. S. Hyman (Canada), C. H. Sherrill, A. A. Stagg, Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Casper Whitney. The appointment of this Advisory Committee emphasizes the desire of the Committee to have all amateur competitions occupy the highest possible plane. The Stadium, with a seating capacity of 12,000, is beautiful in design and promises to be one of the most successful architect-ural creations of the Exposition. It will surround a quarter-mile track with ground area ample for the requirements of all the events proposed. As to the nature of the athletic events planned, it may be said that amateur sports of all kinds will be encouraged as representing the most desirable of athletic competitions, and the members of the Committee on Sports, being college graduates, particularly wish to make a special feature of college sports. In the manage-ment of inter-collegiate events, it is the desire of the Committee that the various college associations be invited to undertake as far as possible the arrangement of the necessary details connected therewith. Although amateur sports will comprise a large part of the program, it is proposed to have such a number of professional events as will allow visitors an opportunity to witness the athletic skill of the best professionals. The character of prizes that will be offered has not yet been definitely determined upon, but the assurance may be given that prizes will be awarded of value as lasting souvenirs of athletic success at the Exposition. It is proposed to arrange a number of college baseball and foot-ball games, and it is especially desired by the Committee that the Eastern Inter-Collegiate (I. A. A. A.) Track Meeting be held in Buffalo next year. An ideal program might be to hold in the Stadium the East-ern Inter-Collegiate Meeting, then the Western Inter-Collegiate 244 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY Meeting; these to be followed by a Pan-American Meeting open to competitors in the two previous meetings and to representatives of other Inter-Collegiate Associations. Other Inter Collegiate events have been considered, such as La Crosse, Cross Country Running with start and finish in the Stadium, etc., etc. The Committee on Sports hope that the Exposition may have a full college representation. It is proposed to hold many other sports in the Stadium, the A. A. U. Championship, Lawn Tennis, La Crosse, Cycling, Association Football, Water Sports, Trap and Target Shooting, etc., etc. All communications should be sent to Jesse C. Dann, Chair-man; 433 Ellicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y. c*p A COLLEGE ROMANCE. '99. Thro' a painted window Soft the sunlight falls, With a rainbow beauty Lighting- up the halls— With a touch of glory, Gilding dim, old walls. Stately arching pillars Rise above the stair, On the carven columns Stone-cut faces rare; Here a laughing satyr, Tearful naiad there. Graven deep, long ages Each has filled its space, Keeping watch in silence O'er the classic place. Time has laid no finger On each cold, still face. Motionless in sunshine, And in shadow so, Heeding not unnumbered Feet that come and go. Oh, what fiue romances Must these statues know! THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY 245 Could each sculptured image Open lips of stone, Tell to eager listening Secrets it hath known, Bits of lore and legend, Of the days long gone! Once a dark-eyed maiden Lingered near the stair, And a fair-haired Junior Stood beside her there, With one strong arm resting Strangely near her hair. Eyes of brown are meeting Eyes of tender blue, Hearts are closer beating— Lips are Hearing, too, How it came to happen Neither ever knew. Just a hurried pressure, One keen moment's bliss, But the face above them Saw the stolen kiss. When had graven image Looked on sight like this? Years have closed the lashes Over eyes of brown; One page in life's story Folds forever down. Thro' the classic hallway Others trail the gown. Tho' the silent statue May recall full well That romantic moment, Yet a magic spell Ouardeth still the secret— It can never tell! c*P Howe'er it be, it seems to me, 'Tis only noble to be good ; Kind hearts are more than coronets, And simple faith than Norman blood. —TENNYSON. 246 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY THE TREATMENT OF THE SKEPTIC. J. B. BAKER, '01. TVTHAT the world is to-day, she owes to the skeptic. Before " he walked among men, the race was inert and drowsy and dull. No systems of thought were conceived, no rational explanations sought. It does appear sometimes, however, in going back to mythic lands and mythopceic days, that they must have been, indeed, an active state. The grotesqueness of their various colored myths is sometimes taken as a proof of mental keenness. The multiplicity of their beings, and the variety of their functions, connected as they are with almost every conceivable phenomenon of nature, is said to augur a deep measure of mental acumen on the part of the authors, as well as the people who believed in them and honored them. But they are not the product of a mature analysis ; only the fancies of a dreamy childhood. Their golden fables were nothing more than the gyrations of splendid color to the yawning child who is just rubbing the scales of sleep away from his eyes. They are the capricious imaginings of an awakening mind. In this setni-somiioleut condition the sons of men were long enwrapped, and cared little to abandon it. When Thales, Anaximines, Diogenes and others appeared with their various creeds and myth-dispelling dogmas, they dis-turbed the lethargy of their fellows, and incurred the hostility of many. Their names became the targets of false accusation, and their teachings were branded as dangerous. But the world of philosophy is not unique in its antagonism to the independent thinker. The realm of science is its kin. There was a time when scientific men believed the world to be fiat. Columbus said it was round, and instantly the tongues of ridicule were loosened on him. Yet upon his hypothesis rest the important calculations of to-day. There was a time when the sage men of the world held that "lightning was an almost infinitely fine combustible matter, that floats in the air and takes fire by sudden and mighty fermenta-tion; also, that it was a physical expression of God's wrath against the insects He had created." Benjamin Franklin was too practical a man for such idle spec-ulation, and showed them their folly by the flying of his kite. THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY 247 No sooner had he seized the bolts of Zeus, however, and shat-tered their theory to the good of mankind, than he was charged with an affront to the Almighty himself. Protecting houses against lightning was said to interfere with the prerogatives of Deity, and when, three years after the experi-ment, New England was shaken by an earthquake, a Boston divine contended, in a sermon preached on the subject, that light-ning rods, by gathering the electricity from the clouds and ac-cumulating it in the earth, were the causes of the upheaval. There was a time, even later than that, when the stage-coach was the fastest mode of transportation, when steam locomotion was unknown and little thought of. George Stephenson went to work to construct an engine, and this is what the Quarterly Re-view had to say: "What can be more palpably absurd and ridicu-lous than the prospect held out for locomotives traveling twice as fast as stage-coaches. We would as soon expect the people of Woolwich to suffer themselves to be fired off in one of Congreve's cannons as to trust themselves to the mercy of such a machine going at such a rate." Another authority of equal prominence said that " the poisoned air of the locomotives would kill the birds." Waile still another insisted that " there would be no further use for horses." Such examples might be added to an almost infinite number, but would only strengthen a truth already quite patent. There is yet another sphere of activity in which the skeptic, or man of thinking, figures prominently, and that is the world of religious thought. Nowhere does dissension touch such a vital point in man's destiny, and nowhere has it been punished with greater severity. The men of courage, who gave us the heritage of a pure gos-pel, were men who felt the hand of inquisitional torture. They were men whose flesh and bones were blistered and charred by the fagots of fire; men who were driven about like the master they followed, with nowhere to lay their heads. We honor them, and mention their names with oracular reverence. But we are judging them all from the vantage ground of tested history. What shall be our attitude toward the skeptic of to-day ? Con-servatism might advise us to shun him as we would shun a ser-pent. Radicalism might tell us to be fearless and read his works. We shall not presume to answer the question, but consider it wise 243 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY to resort to that sage old philosopher, who said, "Know thyself," and to a still higher authority, which says, "Know the truth, and the truth shall make you free." Above all things, whether we believe him or not, whether he is right or wrong, it is due to us to respect him for his independent thought and candor. "Honor the honest man. Earth rears but few. Only at God's white forge are such souls wrought. Rare honest man. His mind perchance sees truth In different forms from thine, yet honor him. Perchance his vision thy dim sight transcends And what to thee appears sublime and sure As the eternal hills, to him is but A bubble in the air. Perchance when thou Hast found the crystal spring whereof he drinks Thou, too, wilt quaff, and own the light divine." A GLIMPSE OP BYRON. HTHE meteoric career of this celebrated, but ill-starred poet has * been a subject of study for all lovers of literature and its makers. Meteoric, both because of its brilliancy and short dura-tion. Byron's popularity, in his day, was greater than that of any of his contemporaries, but it was much briefer and more in-constant, and to-day the general verdict pronounced by the read-ing public and literary reviewers, is against him. To-day men praise the highland ruggedness and simplicity of Scott's poetry; its bold irregularity and indifference to minor imperfections, claiming all to be the highest attributes of genius; they speak with unchilled ardor of Wordsworth: his great and sympathetic heart; his tender but manly verse, always sincere, often profound and ever, the genuine utterances of a true priest of the spirit; Southey and Coleridge are both loved and lauded for their large-ness of vision and poetic truth; but Byron who was hailed as he rose over the horizon in the artlessness and inexperience of his youth, as a star of the first magnitude, as the brightest orb in the firmament, is now almost universally despised and deserted; an outlaw under the ban of moral reproach and literary censure, he stands friendless in the gloom of his solitary exile. That Byron was endowed with rare natural gifts, that his poetry bears the evi-dence of exceptional powers are denied by no impartial reviewers; THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY 249 that his poems lack energy, emotional colouring, daring in in-vention and many of the less definable qualities of poetry cannot be rationally insisted upon; bat that his poetry is unfit for the hands and hearts of innocent and impressionable youth and that it revolts the moral sensibilities of the more mature in years and experience, as well as offends the literary taste of the cultured, are matters of fact, known to all students of English literature. This apparent paradoxical fact must be accounted for by the unfortunate accompaniments that attended and marred his genius. His powers were of the first order, but they were accompanied by a pessimistic and envenomed spirit, a haughty egotism—though this he endeavored to conceal,—and at last, what reversed his early successes, a growing affectation of contempt for public opinion or private regard. There was a mixture of literary and moral virtues with literary and moral vices in which the propor-tion of vice became predominant, and eventually prostituted his genius to the service of shame and folly in their most attractive and insidious forms. Censorship should not be unjust, not even unsympathetic towards this most to be pitied of poets. His works to be properly appreciated, and his unwholesome sentiment and thought to be viewed in a fair light, must be traced back to his sad life as their source of inspiration, and there though the works may justly be reprobated as unchaste and injurious,we cannot help, at least but partially exonorate their author, when we view the circumstances that gave them birth and determined their character. Born into the world with a tender but impetuous and some-what petulant nature, he was alternately visited with passionate caress and indiscriminate and vindictive disfavor by his mother, —caressed into self-will and pride, he was upbraided and scolded into ill-temper and defiance; his sensitive young nature was embittered; his strong propensity to love and crave it in return was here first disappointed and thwarted; here his spirit began to be discolored with that tinge of hatred and haughty contempt for human kind that disfigured his poetry and ruined his life. Leaving home with scarce a regret save that at the expiration of the school term he would have to return, he hoped to enter a more wholesome social atmosphere, to mingle among more active and congenial spirits, and there find that sympathy, trust and esteem for which his ardent young nature panted. His friendships, 250 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY as may be imagined, were few but fast, nearly always broken, if broken at all, through his own petulance upon the most trivial occasions, but generally soon renewed with ties of stronger affec-tion and mutual respect. Precocious emotional susceptibility exposed him at a very early age to the vexatious experience of unreasoning loves. The mistresses of hisyouthful passions uniformly repelled his advances, little knowing that they were crushing a heart that would bleed, not for a day, or a week, or a month, but for a lifetime; that they were rejecting a passion, which, exalted by a sanctified home-life, would have provided and enriched every endearment of wedded felicity; but spurned with indifference in its first ventures, would turn to the madness of despair. The haughty pride of his untamed spirit was insulted at every turn; his keen sensibility to neglect or offense kept his resent-ment, against somebody or other, at white heat the greater por-tion of his life, making him new enemies, and decimating fre-quently the ranks of his friends—those who generally endured his eccentricities, and enjoyed his confidence and esteem. His first effort in poetry was a juvenile performance, with meagre promise of his later fame in it, written at school and pub-lished when he left the University under the title, " Hours of Idleness." It was assailed at once by Francis Jeffreys, the most celebrated critic of his day, in the Edinburgh Review. The poem, prefaced with a disavowal of all poetical aspira-tions and a cleverly written appeal to the clemency of the critics was condemned without reserve, its faults exposed with relent-less accuracy, and, in general, treated with so much ridicule and contempt that Byron was aroused, the latent powers of sarcasm and irony that lay sleeping within him were awakened, and he seized the pen and wrote with the energy and inspiration of a demon, "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers," venting indis-criminate calumnies upon all writers and critics of his day. This poem, though written in the rashness of youth, and in some re-spects inviting severe censure as " misplaced anger and indis-criminate acrimony," for the first time announced his real power. His skill in versification, the vigor of his thought, the terrible energy of his feelings, and brilliancy of sarcastic wit, proclaimed at once to England that no common man had risen, and prophe-cies were many and sanguine of his future fame. THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY 251 After having been rebuked by every journal, by critic and even friends for his unjust assault upon men of genius and merit, some of established reputation and venerated name, he became dissatisfied at home, and, conceiving his talents not duly appre-ciated, and himself slighted, he sailed from England and traveled throughout the continent, visiting Spain, France, Switzerland and Italy. During his tour he wrote the first two cantos of " Childe Harold." This poem, written in the verse of Spencer's " Fairie Queen," though often affectedly antiquated in style, and always darkened by skepticism and misanthropy, is energetic and manly in thought always, in spirit often, and his language is picturesque and expressive, conjuring from the world of fancy the weird but vivid and copious imagery that so uniformly characterizes all his poetry. This rhythmic tale is regarded as a poetical version of his own life, the central figure throughout the narrative no other than the haughty Byron himself, masquerading in an imperfect disguise. The spirit, the pictured career and dismal sentiments of the self-exiled hero, are all paralleled in Byron, though he strenuously denied their identity, alleging that Harold was wholly an inde-pendent creation, without an existing prototype, at least under his observation. The poet, however, in the fourth canto identi-fies himself with the gloomy pilgrim visiting earth's historic scenes, as if no longer caring to maintain his false character. All the poetry that followed was animated by the same spirit; characters were changed in name, but not in essence ; scenery was altered; the tale diversified by fresh incident; yet through it all stalked Harold's sombre ghost casting a shade of gloom and sadness over it, and breathing into it his philosophy of despair. Frequently Byron was bitter, but that in his attacks upon so-ciety, upon the virtues and excellencies of character, which most men admire and magnify, he was insincere, and did not give utterance to sentiments actually his own, only unsympathetic and misled readers dare assert. His poetry above any other of his age bears the stamp of its author's character, the seal of his spirit, though often gracefully concealed, and impresses the reader that whatever the scenes, whatever the characters, Byron is there and speaks from the innermost depths of his heart. "From the in-nermost depths of his heart," for in all his works the energy of his 252 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY spirit burns with a blazing heat and like a kindled furnace throws its wild glare upon the narrow scene it irradiates; little difference whether he wrote of angels or villains, of princes or beggars, the torch of his thought and feeling was lighted at the same flame. This sombre color and despairing energy of his genius, though admirable in the proper place and proportion, makes it impossible for him to sympathize with the ordinary and more generous feel-ings of humanity. He could not elevate the simple and obscure life, the pure love, the trials, the sorrows, the tradegy and comedy of those low in station and humble in fortune, into the realm of poetic beauty as Burns; Nature had denied him the tender respon siveness of heart to song of bird, ripple of brook, the sigh of wind, which it so richly bestowed upon Wordsworth. Byron was fasci-nated by rugged scenery, by nature in her violent moods but never loved her for herself, and though his poetry abounds with allusions to and descriptions of mountain and lake, ocean and forest, they serve but to suggest by analogy some mood of man—and that mood how monotonously the same ! What a sublime range of character, what inexhaustible re. sources of human feeling, what a wealth of poetic mystery, beauty and truth investing diversified nature and human life were left un-touched by his master pen. Had his energy of spirit not been perverted and confined to the narrow channels into which it was forced, had his harp been tuned to more numerous and pleasing chords, who can say that with his exuberance of imagination, ca-pacity for reflection and poetic insight and art, Byron would not have been the chief ornament of his day and generation, his mem-ory cherished with fondest admiration, and his poetry a more per-manent and vastly more desirable addition to our literature. Of this sad fact Byron was not ignorant and often took occasion in his verse to rebuke his impetuous and monotonous strain of feeling and ardently prayed for tranquillity of spirit and soberness of mind. Serene landscapes, peaceful waters, inspired longings "to forsake earth's troubled waters for a purer spring." "Clear placid Leman," he cries, "once I loved Torn ocean's roar but thy soft murmuring' Sounds sweet as if a sister's voice reproved." During the early stages of his literary career he resolves but in vain to tame his wild passions and to think and feel as other men: THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY 253 "Yet must I think less wildly; I have thought Too long and darkly, till my brain became In its own eddy boiling- and o'erwrought A whirling gulf of phantasy and flame, And thus untaught in youth my heart to tame My springs of life were poisoned,—"Tis too late." The tragedy of a soul here seems to reach its catastrophe in the utterance of the concluding sentence: '' 'Tis too late !'' Byron here appears to stand on a commanding eminence and view with retrospective survey the irredeemable past, lamenting the errors of his way, but all "too late," and theu with sublime heroism to submit to the doom prepared for him, "to feed on bitter fruits without accusing Fate;'' to chide himself with the guilt of his own desolation: "The thorns which I have reaped are of the tree I planted—they have torn me and I bleed, I should have known what fruit Would spring from such a seed." His poetry thus is the musical wail of a proud yet broken spirit; a life with many shattered yet many vibrant strings; it is a feast of beauty attended by the unclean spirits of an unchaste mind, a song with the vigor and spirit of a march and the sadness and gloom of a dirge; the tuneful philosophy of a man who knew both too much and too little of himself and his fellow mortals, who in tempest and calm sailed life's pathless sea without chart or compass; a man with more than the usual powers of men, but destitute of their most common possession—character. "A wandering mass of shapeless fame, A pathless comet and a curse, The menace of the universe, Still rolling on with innate force Without a sphere, without a course." —TID BITS. Oh, many a shaft at random sent Finds mark the archer little meant; And many a word at random spoken May soothe or wound a heart that's broken. —SCOTT. 254 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY GIVING. When God brought forth the world we're told, He did it by decree, , Just spake the word, and chaos rolled Into consistency. But when the race of human-kind To sin became a slave, Not all the words in Perfect Mind Could ransom, so He gave. He gave his child, the anointed One, The best in Heaven above, That man might learn through His dear Son How God indeed is Love. And so must we, if we would be Found walking in His ways, Show to mankind that sympathy, That gives as well as prays. A word well said may often thrill, A happy song may cheer, But souls will ne'er be won, until Kind deeds with words appear. They are the vessels that contain The oil of healing grace, And they alone can free from pain The deep-scarred human race. Then let our eyes be e'er alert, Our neighbors' want to see, Our hands and feet grow more expert To bear them sympathy. For thus it is, each little chance Improved, becomes a gem, Whose lustre shall fore'er enhance Our heavenly diadem. —ERNIE. e$P Three poets in three distant ages born, Greece, Italy and England did adorn ; The first in loftiness of thought surpassed, The next in majesty, in both the last. The force of nature could no further go; To make a third she joined the former two. -DRYDEN. THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. Entertdat the Postojfice at Gettysburg as second-class matter. VOL. IX. GETTYSBURG, PA., FEBRUARY, 1901. ' No. 8 Editor-in- Chief, . A. VAN OR.MER, '01. Assistant Editors, W. H. HKTRICK, W. A. KOHLER. Business Manager, H. C. HOFFMAN. Alumni Editor, REV. F. D. GARLAND. Assistant Business Manager, WILLIAM C. NEY; Advisory Board, PROF. J. A. HIMES, LIT. D. PROF. G. D. STAHLEY, M. D. PROF. J. W. RICHARD. D. D. Published monthly by the students of Pennsylvania (Gettysburg) College. Subscription price, One Dollar a year in advance; single copies Ten Cents. Notice to discontinue sending- the MERCURY to any address must be accompanied by all arrearages. Students, Professors, and Alumni are cordially invited to contribute. All subscriptions and business matter should be addressed to the Business Manager. Articles for publication should be addressed to the Editor. Address THE GETTYBURG MERCURY, GETTYSBURG, PA. EXCHANGES. [From the January TOUCHSTONE, Lafayette.] Our Contemporaries. I HAVE heard it said that we never have original thoughts; that even those which we consider original have been worked over in the minds of others who have gone before. It seems impossible, however, that two college men, apparently far sepa-rated, should have had thoughts so exactly similar, and above all, that they should have expressed them in language so similar, as have two men representing two of our prominent colleges. This is an age of psychological phenomenon, and the power ot one mind over another is unquestioned ; but, if the case under consideration comes under this head, there evidently remains a field of psychological research yet unfathomed. 2S6 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY We ask the aid of those interested in honest college literary work, in the solution of the following mystery : In the Nassau Literary Magazine for October, 1900, was printed the MacLeau prize oration, entitled "An Ideal of American His-tory." In the Gettysburg Mercury for November, 1900, appeared an oration, entitled " Abraham Lincoln." We quote from these two articles, and print them in parallel columns. AN IDEAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY. Thirty-five years have gone by and the Republic is stronger than ever. The battle smoke of the civil war has rolled away, and to-day when we look into the clear past, our first glance meets the colossal figure of Abraham Lincoln. He is an American mountain—when you view minutely and examine care-fully each particular crag or fea-ture, how homely he seems ! But stand back half a century, behold the entirety—do you not see an Al-mighty hand ? We say an Ameri-can mountain, for you cannot think of Lincoln as a Grecian or a Roman, he is not English and certainly not French—he is ours, the man be-longs to. us alone, while his fame is the world's. Our broad country can no more contain that, than the present race can compute its dura-tion. Ages are the units which shall measure its extent, and eter-nity shall not behold it9 comple-tion. Let us for a while then con-sider him who, under God's provi-dential hand, more than any other, preserved our liberties and main-tained for us our national govern-ment. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. Thirty-five years have passed and the Republic is stronger than ever. The battle-smoke of civil war has rolled away, and as we louk into the clear past, our first glance meets the colossal figure of Abra-ham Lincoln. He seems a moun-tain— when you examine each par-ticular crag and feature, how home-ly he appears; but stand back half a century, behold theentirety—Do you not see the hand of God ! We wonder at him for his greatness, and we are proud of him that he is ours. We cannot imaging Lincoln as a Grecian or a Roman; he is not English and certainly not French —he belongs to us alone, but his fame is the world's. Our broad land can no more contain that than the present generation can esti-mate its duration; ages are the units which shall measure its ex-tent, and eternity shall not behold its completion. Let us for a while then consider him who, under God, more than any other, preserved our liberties and kept us as a peo-ple what we are. The Nassau Literary Magazine Princeton University Princeton, N. J., Jan. 29, 1901 Editor Gettysburg Mercury, « Dear Sir: You have probably noticed in the Lafayette Touchstone for January, 1901, in the department headed Our Contemporaries, that attention is called to two orations, one entitled "An Ideal of American History," which was published in this magazine in the THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY 257 October number and another, entitled "Abraham Lincoln," which appeared in your magazine for November. The opening para-graphs of the two orations are printed in parallel columns and are so similar that it leaves no doubt in our mind that either one was copied from the other or else both were taken from a common source. If you will read what the Toiichstonc says you will prob-ably come to the same conclusion. Now this matter should be sifted to the bottom and it is to the interest of both magazines to see that it is done. I send you a copy of the Lit. which contains "An Ideal of American History" and request that you send us the November number of the Mercury. Will you also state who wrote the oration on "Abraham Lincoln," when it was delivered, and when probably written. Also the home residence of the man who wrote it. "An Ideal of American History" was delivered here last June and won the Junior McLean Oratorical prize of $ioo. I trust you will appreciate the seriousness of this for both of us, and help me to find out the truth of the matter. Awaiting an early reply, I am, sincerely RALPH P. SWOFFORD. The above are self-explanatory. It but remains for the MER-CURY to clear away the accumulated mist, thus vindicating Mr. Heilman and his alma mater as well as the MERCURY. For this purpose we find sufficient testimony in Mr. Heilman's Statement. "March 9, 1900, I delivered the oration at Collegeville before the Pennsylvania Inter-Collegiate Oratorical Union; March 10, joined Glee Club on trip at Carlisle; March 19, returned to Get-tysburg from Glee Club trip and found awaiting me a letter from Princeton, written by a '97 alumnus of the Harrisburg High- School, whose classmate I had been for about 9 mouths. The letter asked me to send a copy of my oration for a few hints and ideas, as the '97 alumnus was preparing an oration soon to be de-livered. Sent copy of oration to Princeton March 20th or 21st. Handed oration to Dr. Himes in competition for Geis Prize— third number. [The third production for the Geis prizes is due May 1st.—Ed.] Have not seen the manuscript since." The oration came into possession of the MERCURY from the Geis prize committee through Dr. Himes, before the close of 258 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY college in June. We published it in the November MERCURY, and the original manuscript is still in our possession. We hope the above is a satisfactory explanation—that it is not necessary to ramble through that "field of psychological research yet unfathomed." It is to be hoped, further, that this, as a warn-ing to college men, may prove beneficial. Gettysburg does not suffer from the "mix up;" indeed we may feel complimented that one of our men wrote the oration that won the MacLean prize of $ioo at Princeton University, knowing that it was not sent for the use made of it. Princeton, come out. Lafayette, give us due credit. S. A. VAN ORMER, Ed. MERCURY. EDITORS' DESK. Following the custom of former years, no January number of the MERCURY was issued. The question of special programs in our literary societies is be-ing discussed. That they have merit no one will doubt; but whether they should occur so frequently is, indeed, a question. The object of the societies is to train their members for the duties that shall rest upon them in years to come by assisting in and completing that harmonious development that shall send the col-lege student into the world well-rounded. Our discoveries in science have been made by men who worked in seclusion; our masterpieces in literature and in art have not been wrought before the gaze of cheering throngs; the men who have "moved the masses" in days agone have frequently talked to the ocean's waves and the forest's trees. Young men, that they may be successful, must cultivate the habit of working with-out artificial stimulus. As this is the last issue of the present staff, we desire to ex-press our appreciation of the hearty support we have received from those interested in THE MERCURY. We have at all times had sufficient material on hand. Whether or not we have selected wisely the material used, others must determine. We have tried THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY 259 to maintain the standard formerly held by THE MERCURY among the college journals of the State. In conclusion, we remind the Professors, Students and Alumni of Pennsylvania College that the standard of her journals have much to do with her success ; and we bespeak for the new staff the same hearty support given us, that the literary journal of the institution may be worthy ot Pennsylvania College. THE PAST OUR PRESENT PILOT. CHAS. LEONARD, '01, Reddig Junior Oratorical Prize. ■CAR back through the dim, dim vistas of the ages, when chaos, ■*■ darkness and void had receded in obedience to the eternal fiats of the Omnipotent, to give place to cosmos, light, and cre-ation, there appeared in that creation a creature whose progress and destiny have been the objects of the concern of two worlds. The earth was man's birthday present. "Go forth and subdue it" was the divine commission, and the history of the race is the story of the warfare that has been going on ever since that com-mission has been received. As the nineteenth century gates swing on their hinges, soon to shut into the hoary past another century, we feel like one who is leaving the harbor to sail an untried sea; in whose vision friends throwing kisses of good-by, and waving handkerchiefs for a suc-cessful voyage, are fast fading from view, and from whose sight the well beloved shore is receding and has at last merged into the misty horizon overhanging the deep. In the stately ship of civilization we are about to launch on a trackless ocean. Farewell to the past—only its lessons are any longer ours. Welcome the future, in which we are to live and act! I^et our prayers be united that our majestic ship may clear all the dangerous rocks that lie just beneath the surface, any one of which may prove fatal to the progress of the "Ship of State." As we stand at the stern of the vessel, looking out upon the watery expanse stretching into eternity on either side of the wake, with our mind's eye we take a retrospective glance into the history of the past. We look into the realm of discovery and we note that the most important contribution of this realm to civilization has been the discovery of laws in the moral and the physical universe. 260 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY Ages ago the minds of men craved to understand the laws of the heavenly bodies, and the skies did speak to the old Chaldean shepherds, but in an unknown language. They were transported by the rich melody of the spheres, but could not appreciate or understand the celestial anthem. Ptolemy listened and caught a few scattered words; Copernicus hearkened and caught the first full sentences: Kepler and Newton gave us the first translation of the rythmical language of the heavenly orbs. Thus we see the gradual development of the scientific spirit in the presence of which truth has always unveiled her face and made herself known, as she has come to answer the everlasting "Why?" of science. In philosophy the same development is strikingly real. Man in his eagerness to answer the two questions concerning himself of "Whence?" and "Whither?" at first indulged in speculations that seem to us to the last degree chimerical. Twenty-five centuries have made but comparatively few changes on the face of the material world. A Greek of the fifth century B. C. might still find his way without difficulty from town to town of his native Hellas, and recognize at a glance the scenes of his childhood days, but he would find the world of thought a new creation or rather the old so transformed as to be unrecognizable. We have emanated from the mist and fog which enveloped the old Pagan philosophers. We have transcended the highest thought of grand old Socrates. Thought can no longer be said to be "An infant crying in the night, An infant crying for the light, And with no language but a cry." In the sunlight of truth this infant of thought has grown to a great stature, though it has not yet attained the perfect symmetry of maturity. The discovery of laws has been just as important and extensive in the social and political world as in the realm of philosophy. Every century has been an improvement over the preceding. Nations have been born, grown up, and died, while history, the coroner of the fallen empires of the past, has declared at the autopsy, "The cause of death was the result of a departure from law, either undiscovered or disobeyed" and standing, a silent sentinel, in the ashes of their former glory, pointing her finger toward the future she says in prophetic voice to all surviving nations "Beware!"— THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY 261 a word so full of meaning when uttered by such an authoritative voice. Are we heeding this long sounded warning? Shall we dare say that the past is meaningless? Shall we not profit by the wise instruction it has to give? The Mu

Issue 12.2 of the Review for Religious, 1953. ; The .Summa, t:or $is :ers Sister Mary Jude, O.P. EVERY good religious longs to perfect herself1 in the technique of that most divine of occupations--the salvation of souls. To that end vacations are sacrificed for "higher studies," precious holidays are spent attending workshops and teachers' meetings, and "free" time is consumed directing co-curricular activities. In this never-ending process the simple religious, as~well as superiors, super-visors, and superintendents may wonder whether they are not losing their perspective, whether the tail is 'not' wagging the dog. Those in authority repeatedly warn the Sister about the "danger" of studies, until she is given the impression that learning is some kind of neces-sary evil, and a uniyersity, an unavoidable occasion of sin. .Although no good religious has entered the convent with the idea of becoming merely a high-powered schoolteacher (or nurse of social worker), by the end of her first year of teaching she finds her-self involved in a complex system of aims and methods, classroom' management and educational devices. If she has time to think, she wonderswhere it all fits in with her longing to, be absorbed in Jesus Christ. The "points" at meditation, the spiritual reading books in the community bookcase, and conferences and retreats are lavish with warnings of all kinds. Sister ~an never say she has not been told the r'ight thing to do, but has anyone ever taught her how? , She marvels afresh at the insight of Pope Pius XII in his Holy Year message to religious: "To harmonize your~exterior work with your spiritual life and to establish a proper balance between the two." The Holy Father knows exactly how she feels. How is this to be accomplished? Sister must teach English and history this year (next year it may be typing and music) the while she longs to make her pupils understand, "If thou didst know the gift of God. the height and deptl'J of Christ's love, the riches of the glory of His in-heritance in the saints." Instead Sister must drill on the rules for capitalization and ex-pound the Monroe Doctrine. In some high schools priests have taken over the teaching of religion. Realizing the importance of training leaders in the secular branches of learning a.ccording t6 Catholic prin- 1The article is. directly concerned with teaching Sisters. But what is said applies equally to teaching Brothers. as well as to religious engaged in social work, nursing, ~7 SISTER MARY JUDE Re~ieu~ [or Religlous ciples, Sister attempts to assimilafe and o~ientate the subject and the child Godward., She suspects that Father bas been given the easier task--that of teaching'religion as religion. Community officials, becoming apprehensive at stories of .Sisters who have lost their vocations or become worldly-minded in pursuit ~f degrees, frequently react by reducirig to a minimum the number of " Sisters engaged in graduate studies, if this reT, ults in a loss of educa-tional standards to their community, many mistresses of studies con-elude that this is the price that must be paid for maintaining the ligious spirit. Unhappily they can neither foresee nor measure in their lifetime the intellectual stagnation effected by this policy. If the senior memb,,er~ .of the congregation remember their own more leisurely days, when summertime meant rest and relaxation: when daily preparation did not include the breadth of background iequired today; when children came to school with respect for au-thority already inculcated at home; when even the lengthier noon period with no police duty allowed sufficient time for slackening emotional tensions and regaining spiritual tranquility; if these thirsts are remembered, they are never brought up in accounts of "the good old days." With higher studies made the privilege of a chosen f~w instead of the constitutional obligation of all, superiors become fearful lest the ~ubjects singled out grow proud. They reason that it is the fault of " the studies if Sisters so favored become complacent. Meanwhile, Sis-ters, being human, continue to substitute emotionalism for true piety and to confuse devotion with devotions. Honor to the Mother of God is frequently a medley of classroom'May-altars and Sodality "activities" fondly imagined to be Catholic Action. On th~ Blessed Virgin's fulness of grace or her other prerogatives they do not expa-tiate much, because they do not know too much about Mariology. Sisters wonder why their students do not turn-out better, why so little that is taught in religion class carries over to daily life. When promising'pupils marry outside the Church or disgrace their faith by misdeeds in public life or in the underworld, their former teachers are bewildered. Have they not done all they can? Have they? Does even Sister's prize pupil know how precious grace really is? Does Sister herself have a proper appreclatlon of what it means to be a member of the Mystical Body of Christ? Has she ever put across to her pupils the beauties of a baptized soul strengthened by. confirma-tion, purified by penance, perfected by the Holy Eucharist, and Mar~h, 1953 .'i SUMMA FOR SISTERS adorned by the gifts of the Holy Spirit? If sl~ has, then Johnny will seek h married partner who will aid in his slSiritual development and will not establish his marriage merely oh emotional grounds. How can Sister teach these things, if she has never been taught them'herself? She has tried to teach children to develop will power, but how well has she emphasized the role of grace in r~sisting temp-tation? How many of her charges know that the grace, of God is theirs for the asking? Or instead have they been. thoroughly indoc-trinated with the idea that the'Jr Guardian Angel is on their right side and the devil on their left? What do they know of the life of grace within themselves? How many children and adults confuse sensible consolation and devotion? lk~ost,Catbolics think that priests and Sisters live in a semi-ecstatic state in which prayer is a series of thrills. They are. consequently, the more horrified when they discoverthat Father and Sister are human. Sister,is such a good teacher that she can mak~ even world history the most gripping subject in the curriculum. She can fiave her pupi_Is laughing merrily at the nineteenth century theory of spontaneous generation.of life. Do any of them know that it is a greater thing for God to raise a soul from mortal sin than to breathe life into a corpse? How different would be her pupils' attitude on leaving the confessional if they believed that they could no more restore grace to their own souls than bring themselves back to life.?_. They are taught to make an act of thanksgiving after confession. Have they ever been "given reasons for awe and wonder at God's mercy in the sacrament of penance? All the dislocations and chaos of the past years have had tre-mendous impact in the classroom. To analyze their cause is not our purpose here. The Korean War and television .are but ancillary to the mental dissipatio.n which teachers must combat. The young peo-ple of today are the offspring of the "Fla'ming Youth" generation .of the 1920's. Greater and " heavier tasks are being placed upon the school. Even so delicate and personal a matter as sex instruction is shirked by parents. Respect for authority is not only not inculc'ated at home; but it is denied to the teache.r,by mother and father.' , Like St. Thomas Aquinas the Sister must accept people as they are. A religious cannot right every wrong in the world, much as she would like to. She must start with that portion of the Lord's vine-yard which the will of God has assigned to her. She does no.t con, clude that the soil is bad becatise she finds weeds thriving in it. Be- SISTER MARY JUDE Re~iew for Religious cause there is so much to be overcome Sister must be equipped with a knowledge of sacred science before she can start to put things in di-vine order. Because the problem is of such complexity, Sister must first see things as God sees them. This wisdom can come from a study of the Summa Theologica. Time was when those entrusted with forming educational poli-cies of communities would have ridiculed the idea of theology for Sisters. Today, however, with the movement of theology for the laity sweeping the country as it has in the last fifteen, years, with* the butcher, the baker, and the candlestickmaker enthusiastically ~d[scus-sing their ultimate end and distinguishing between the moral and in-tellectual virtues at study ,clubs, no excuse is needed for a study of divine trtith by those whose life is dedicated to God by public pro-fession. No longer do people consider the study of theology a pre-requisite only for those who hear confessions. I~ she is going to God-center the'life of her students, a Sister must know. the science of God. "This is eternal life : That they may know thee. the only true God, and Jes~s Christ, whom thou hast sent" (John, 17:3). In order to convince her pupils of the very purpose of their existence she must first develop within herself a reasoned conviction and understanding of the great mysteries of faith. She must learn to distinguish emotionalism from true love of God, and yet evaluate the place of the emotions in the spiritual life. To meet ,the intellectual needs of th~ mid-twentieth centt~ry a scientific knowledge of God is needed. Unless Sister herself believes that "the least knowledge of divine things is greater than hny amount of knowledge about material, things," she will lose ground. Anyone who puts a degree in chemistry, or language, credits in litera-ture or education before a deeper knowledge, of God cannot be suc-cessful in connecting the life of the day and the life of God within the human soul. She is laboring "for the roost thaf perishes," and not for "that which endureth unto everlhsting life." Teaching, according to Saint Augustine, is the highest form of charity. For the religious teacher, then, the study and quest of wis-dom for the development of her vocation is absolutely necessary. Study undertaken for love of God increases her sanctity. The holier she, becomes, the greater is herdesire for a kngwledge of truth. Be-cause in the convent cemetery there lie the remains of Sisters who achieved sanctity without the study of theology, it does not follow that Sister Anno Domini does not need theology. To those who had 60 March, 1953 SUMMA FOR SISTERS not the opportunity for the study of theolo~gy God undoubtedly supplied. He fits each one with the grace needed for the task He wishes her to do. Theology was not ava~labie for those Sisters, nor had they the same problems to face that the Sister of 1953 has: St~ch an excuse will not hold today. The separation of study from. prayer is not a new problem. But the brilliant patron of Catholic schools has left a method by which study can be employed to direct the interior life to God. St. Thomas Aquinas in his Summa Theologica has synthesized the whole rela-tionship 'between God and man in the most perfect harmony. Courses in the Summa Theologica have been opened for Sisters at various centers. Seven of these summer schools'stem from the one at Provi-dence College, Providence, Rhode Island, where the" Summa is stud-ied article by article in courses specially adapted to religious women. Other schools use Father Walter Farrell's Companion to the Summa as a text and the great classic itself as a reference. In accord with the spirit of Saint Thomas and in fulfillment of the spirit of the Do-minican Order the spiritual formation of the religious teachers at-tending Providence College transcends the intellectual. Otherwise the real purpose of the stud~ of theology would be subverted. There is not a mother gener~l anywhere who would grope for an answer if asked whether she would rather gend but in September good religious or good teachers. However~ the study of theology on a graduate level, although enthusiastically endorsed by all the Sisters who have t~iken the courses, is not yet as widespread as it should be. Many consider other educational requirements more pressing. That these members of rel.igious communities may eat their cake and have it too--with icing--Providence College also offers a course in the Summa and additional intensive study of special questions with a master's degree in religious education upon its completion. Theology is the antidote for those who fear that higher studies will~make the Sisters proud, just as it is the preventative for worldli-ness in secular subjects. No one who has learned the Catholic teaching on grace: thai it is "God Who moves in you both to will and to accomplish;" that you cannot even want to be good unless God gik, es you the grace bf that holy desire; no one who has learned the glories of the gifts and fruits in- the soul can find it in her heart to be proud. A man must walk to God by steps of the will, but the mind must tell him tb Whom beis walking and what road he should take. 61 SISTER MARY JUDE Review [or Religious The mind was created for truth, the' will for good. To know the truth and to choose the good a man must have grace. "Not that we are sufficient to think anything of ourselves, as of ourselves: but our sufficiency is from God" (II Cor. 3:5). Humility, St. Thomas teaches, is truth. A distinctive phenomenon of the "active" orders today is the !number of religious seeking to change to a p'urely~contemplative life. Although their final profession is far enough behind them that they should have arrived at some proficiency in the delicate balance between praye.r and work, they now seek to transfer to a cloister. While God. for His own reasons may thus call a Sister, such a voca-tion is unusual. Eor every Sister who makes such a change there are many who for a variety,of reasons never effect the transit. They ar-dehtly desire this transit because they, presume it will bring closer union with God. The Sister who would exchange classroom or hos-pital corridor for cloister, has not yet been brought to a realization of the fulness of her vocation. She is willing to settle for less than th~ overflow of contemplation which needs to find an outlet in lifting her neighbor to God. The author of the.Summa, a high-octane teacher if ever there was one, could, without diminishing any of the power of his spiritual life, give himself to the service of his neighbor, for his compass was ever pointed toward truth. Thomas of Aquin had a list of accom-plishments no superior would dare .assign one person today. He t~ught school, preached, wrote something like 36 volumes, carried on an enormous corresponder~ce, traveled back and forth a~ross Eu- ¯ rope on foot several times and was at every'one's beck'and call. The: religious who resents teachers' meetings which take 'up her valuable time can recall the Angelic Doctor laying down fiiS pen in the middle of an article ("Just when I 'got a good start!") when summoned by the Pope to a General Council. To 'the man who was to become the Patron of C;itholic Schools, action and contemplation were inter- 'woven, interdependent. "Goodness diffuses itself," St. Thomas wrote, and the religious woman who has enough spirituality~will externalize her love of God no matter what she is teaching, which--if her congregation runs true to form--will be something outside her "teaching field." If a Sis-ter's community'has been progressive enough to send her to on.e of 'the summer schools of sacred theology for religious women, she has a lever which can move the dead weight of secula.rism considered l~y 62 , March, 1953 SUMMA FOR SISTERS the Bishops of the United States as l~he number one problem. Be she art or music instructor, baby teacher or cbllege professor, she needs the lever of theology. With ,Thomistic thoroughness and spiritual benefit both to herself and her pu.pils the religious who has met and mastered the order and harmony of the Summa Theologica can fit the most important thing~ in life intb her curriculum. Observant of the world's needs but not preoccupied by them, a Sister who has studied theology can immerse herself in algebra and chemistry without fear of losing the sense of the presence of God. In Him she will live and move and have h~r convent and school life. She will share with her pupils the fruit~ of her contemplation, be it in her presentation, of invertebrates or by .means of geometry theorems worked out in units and lesson plans. After a study of the Summa Sister reaches her peak performance. She can teach about God through, every medium because she has first learned to know God herself. Thrilled as by high altitudes, Sister has become acquainted with the science of God, has learned what~aan is, has studied the~ principles of human acts in relation to God. She has an appreciation" of the role of grace in the soul and has studied the life of Him who is the Way, the Truth, and the Life. Now that she has analyzed the means utkl-ized by the perfect Teacher, the Divine~Physician, the Greatest of all social workers--the means He has ordered for her and her pupils to share His life--now that she. ha~ this equipment, she can gear every moment of her day to the perfect love of God. A survey of Sisters with graduate training in secular subjects will reveal that few have used more than a small p6rtion of the knowl-edge acqutred in Home Economics or Art or Latin at a university. The training in research, the materials, bibliography, the mental con-centration, the technique of organizing knowledge all are invalu-able. These, however, could be acquired and better orientated after a mastery of the queen of the sciences. If Sister has studied only the first twenty-s, ix questions 6f Prima Pars which treat of the nature and attributes of God, hers is a breadth of vision so vast as to leave her untroubled by all the petty things which disturb conventual peac~ of soul. Placed beside the majesty, t~e b~auty, the simplicity of God; what are the annoying manner-isms of Sister Alpha, the inconsiderateness of Sister Beta, the impru-dence of Sister Ghmma ? As~o.the.Holy Eucharist is the great, divinely-ordered means ~f 63 SISTER MARY JUDE transforming.the human soul into the likeness of Christ, so theology lifts convent life above the narrowest of confines, the most ov'~r- ~rowded horarium, the most pQorly systema'tized routine. From the study of the first part of the Summa Sister learns how great God and from the third part of the same work how much He loves her. No spiritual reading book can grip her soul with the irrefutable logii: of Saint Thomas Aquinas. Once these truths have become part of her life, what difference does it make if Sister Delta leaves most of the work for her, or if Sister Epsilon is congenitally unable to mind her own business? No unctuous sermon whose .resultant glow will be chilled by the first reprimand of a superior can fill her with the peace and joy which a knowledge ~f sacred doctrine brings. Theoiogy is thus definitel); needed by all members of our educa-tional system. There is not a Sister in the Catholic Church who feels :satisfied with the results of her teaching. "Ask Father in confession," ¯ will no longer sufficb. Problems brought to Sister by pupils and ex- ¯ pupils by parents and friends should ordinarily be solved by her. .All too frequently.' those turned away will lose their nerve long be-fore they reach the confessional. Many, many people have never :asked a question in confession in all their lives. They would not know at what part of the confession to interject their request for in- .formation. Besides, they feel th.at, knowing SiSter's sympathy and good sense, they would get an answer which would take into tic-count all the circumstances peculiar to their own situation all of which would call for an autobiography in the confessional. As for asking Father outside--oh, no, he's too busy--even though Father, like Sister, is eager to help them. Moreover, there is small danger that Sister is presuming to answer questions and pass judgment in matters requiring.a trained physician Of souls. One of the biggest and surest and most lasting lessons Sis-ter carries away from her study of the Summa is how mu~h she doesn't know! And as she packs a trunk bulging with all the "teaching materials" Sisters tend to accumulate, she doesn't wonder anymore if the v~orld is sneaking up on her, for if she could, she would fill her arms with the world that she might 'give it all back to Christ. IEDITORS' NOTE: Although we would not entirely agree with some points in tml arti_cle, we believe that it calls for careful consideration and perhap~ for some a~o~- sion. Communications on any of the points, pro or con. woUld be welcome.; 64 The blidden Life Michael Lapierre, S.J. T lif~ HE of Our Lord falls into two distinct parts--the hidden life and the active life. The one is predominantly a life o~ .~ prayer, the other predominantly a life of activi.ty. The one comprises a period of thirty years, the other a period of only three. Tile life 'of Mary His Mother'and of His Foster-Father St. Joseph. was, moreover, scarcely ever in the public eye. As .a root supports and steadies the stalk and flower, so they supported and prepared, their Son for His future ministry. So in the hidden life of prayer, penance, and silence led by many in the world today whether in or out of religious orders and congregations, whether with or without vows, we find the root fixed in the good ground by the bank of living waters. This root supports and helps to energize the vast apostolic enterprise of the Church of Christ in the vast chaos called ~ the modern world. It may seem strange, in an age when there seems so much need of active work in the Church and outside of it, that the Church leaves. thedoors of.her monasteries sealed up, does not send a trumpet call to her monks and nuns to rise from their benches of prayer, to doff the robe of elected silence, to step forth from'the monastery wall and cry forth, like the Baptist, the words of light, of life, and of salva-tion. It may seem strange that the Church chose a contemplative as a patron for that most active 0f her activities. For over her intense as well as.extensive mission activity the ChurCh has placed the Car-melite contemplative, St. Thir~se, the Little Flower. And it makes us re~flect a little too when we read of Plus XI singling out a monastery of Trappist monks in the vast mission field.of China for special praise ¯ and commendation. "What can these do in the mission field?" we are tempted to ask. Missioners must instruct, preach, baptize, con-firm, perform marriages,.absolve, be at the ready call of the sick and ¯ the infirm. And how can a monk do this! Yet it is not too strange after all, if we reflect for a few moments upon a few salient truths. Only let us not forget that we are speaking , now as men possessed of the precious treasure of the faith wherein so many things are made clear to us at which unaided reason might~ fumble and endlessly stumble. Yet it is not out of place to mention MIdHAEL LAPIERRE Ret~iew for Religious that¯ pagans in their higher moments did not fail to set abundant stress, upon thefimportance of contemplation. 3apart had her bonzes; China had her monks. , And whatever the motives and intentions of these religious d(votees were, nevertheless there was somewhere.in the depths of their minds, a realiz, ation, dim and distant perhaps, that the better part in the life of man was, after all, contemplation. We are all familiar with the episode .in the Old Testament where-in Abraham is asked by God to sacrifice his Isaac, his only bqgotten and beloved son. It ~vas a hard test of faith and God meant it to 'be so. Abr~ih'am bent his mind to the trial and prepared to carry out God's injunctiofi. But as he raised the sacrificial knife which was to spill:his son's blood upon the altar of holocaust, an angel stayed his hand, saying: "Lay not thy hand upon the boy, neither do thou any thing to him: now I know that thou fearest God, and hast not spared thy only begotten son for my sake'." "At once ~e see that God was pleased with Abraham's intention. And God blest Abraham because in the strength of. his faith'he had bent his mind to the ful-fillment of God's will, though it seemed to Contradict one 6f the promises a~lready made to him. We are not so familiar per.haps.with that passage in Psalm 49, ¯ where God so emphatically insists through the mouth of His P~alm- "ist that internal holiness must accompany external worship. Here i~ the passage--"Listen my people and I will speak, Israel; and.I Will bear witness.against thee: I afi~ God, thy God. Not for thy sacrifices do I chide thee, for thy burnt offerings are always before me. I will not take a, bullock f~om th3~ house, nor he-goats .from thy flocks: For all the wild aniinals of the forest.are mine, the thousands of beasts on my mountains. I know all the birds of the air, and what moves in the field is~known to me. If I were hungry I'would not tell you: for mine is the world and what'fills it. Shall I eat the flesh of bulls? or drink the blood of he-goats? Offer to God the sacri/ice of praise, and pay thy vows to the Most High. And call upon me in the day of trouble; I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me." From this we gather then, that all our external activity, all our efforts ha~'e little or no ,value bdfore God, if our ~minds and hearts ire ,no't in harmony with Him, if we are not seeking him in all "our doings. - We recall too how Gabriel responded to Daniel the Prophet who with prolonged piayer-lnterceded for his people: "From. the ~begin- " ning of thy prayers the word came forth: and I am come to shew it to. thee,, because thou art a man of desires: therefore do thou mark 66 March, 1953 ., THE HIDDEN LIFE the word and understand the vision"~ (Dan. 9:22). Because he was a man of desires, a man of prayer, therefore a man with his mind turned towards God, Daniel's prayer is heard and God reveals him-self to him in pra~yer. Many, many tim~s we have heard repeated or have used ourselves the words of Our Lord to Martha concerning Mary Magdalene: -"Mary has chosen the better part which shall not be taken away from her." And to this saying of Our Lord we. may add another less familiar, spoken to His disciples who asked Him why they could not drive the devil out of the boy: "This kind goeth not out but. by prayer and fasting." All these instances show that God fin~Is as much'delight if not more in the 'supreme effort of man to keep his thoughts subject to God as He does in the supreme effort of man to plant the divine truth in other souls. When we bow before the Will of God. when we strive to extend our mind into God's breadth of view, when we b~nd the whole energy of our being into praising, reverencing, and serving God then we are practicing the Apostolate of intention. All*men must practice this to some degree. For all rrien are by -nature reflective animals. They like to turn in upon.the truth ~hich they have discovered---if they are action-inclined, with a vie~- gen-erally to further action: if they are contemplation-inclined, for sheer love and'joy. The missioner and the contemplative each c~rries on a warfare for souls his own soul and the souls of others. While the missioner works in the macrocosm, we magi say that the contem-plative works in the microcosn~. The contemplative finds God in the' depths of his own thoughts, the missioner finds God in the souls for whom he is spending himself. The contemplative is constantly employed in tapping the source of supplies whence flows the grace of God; the missioner ,is directing this supply" to souls. In the redemptive plan of' God each has his activity, each his definite purpose. Nor are.these 6perations opposed to one" another, but rather they are complementary. In the words of St. Paul, "There ar~e diversities of graces, but the same Spi.rit; and there are diversities of ministries, but the same Lord: and there are diversities of opera-tions, but the same God, who worketh all in all" (I Cor. 12:4-.7). Nevertheless because we are human clay equipped with senses easily and quickly captivated by creatures, perhaps 'because we are a fallen race filled .with the pride of life, caught by the glory of re-nown. haunted by the eclat of reputation, thrilled to be. in the public 67 MICHAEL LAPIERRE Ret~ieto for Religiot~s eye and to have our name trumpeted on the lips of men, we rush for-ward, or set high in our estimation the active phase of apostolic en-deavor: For when all is said and done, has not St. Paul received abundant glory through the ages for his ceaseless journeyings in the cause of Christianity? Think of St. FranCis of Assisi, the troubador "of God singing his way into the hearts of the sinners a'nd of the poor of the Middle Ages; think of St. Catherine being the counselor of kings and popes; St. Francis of Sales winning the stern Calvinists by his disarming evenness of temper and charming good humor; St. Philip Neri entrancing the stolid Romans by his laughter and even saintly jocularity; St. Teresaof Avila, a real Napoleon in her struggles for the reform of the Carmelites. There is a strong appeal in this active apostolate; an appeal enhanced by the passage of time and by the softening of the cross's painful outline in the blaze of .after-glory. "They are the heroes," we say. "How I would like a career like that," or "@hat's the'life for me." "If only we could set the world on fire as they did. If we could cast our lives in such a mould." The supreme success of it dazzles us indeed! Two Apostlesj bad the-same thought that we have had when they sat near Our Lord one day and brazenly asked Him, "Lord may we sit, the one on Thy right hand and the other on Thy left in Thy Kingdom? , And Our Lord replied, "Can you drink of the Chalice of which I shall drink?" As they, so we overlook or forget to see th~ pain and the penance~ paid for such renown. The.glory came only after the crown was. won. If we wish to be realistic we must concentrate on the prelude to alFthis glory. We should see St. Paul, ','preaching not ourselves, but Jesus Christ' Our Lord; . . . in all things suffering tribulation,-but not distressed; straitened but not destitute; persecuted but not forsaken; cast down but not pe~rishing: always.bearing about in our bod~, the mortification of Jesus, that the life Of Jesus may be made manifest in our bodies" (II Cot, 4:5, 8- 10). Hear him cry, "Let us exhibit ourselves as the ministers of God in much patience, in tribulation, in necessities, in distresses, in stripes~ in prisons, in seditions, in labors, in Watchings, in fa~tings, in chastity, in knowledge, in long-suffering, in sweetness, in the Hol~ "Ghost, in charity unfeigned, in the wo~d of truth., as dying, :and behold we live; as chastised, and not killed; as sorrowful, yet always ¯ rejoicing; as n~edyl yet enriching many; as having nothing: yet pgs-sessing all things" (II Cot. 6:4-10). We should hear him say, "God forbid that I should glory save in the cross of Our Lord Jesus Christ 68 March. 1953 THE HIDDEN LIFE by Whom theworld is dead to me and I to the world." We should picture to ourselves St. Francis of Assisi contem-plating and praying to God on the lonely and solitary slopes of Mount Alvernia: St. Catherine drawn' from h~r loving contempla-tion of her °Saviour into the world of turmoil and dissension: St. Francis of Sales pouring out'his soul in prayer to God: St. Philip Neri as the "Hermit of the Streets" whose "little room l~ad a bed in it but that was not always used. Many nights Philip stayed,,up praying or wandering in the Campagna. When he did sleep it was as like as not on the floor. He hung what few clothes he had on a cord stretched from wall to wall." (T~ Maynard. M~cstics in Mot-le~ . page 25.) These are a few indications of the lives of prayer and penance led by men and women whom we know to have been extremely active in the work of spreading God's Kingdom on earth~ Their days and hours of contemplation are concealed beneath the radiance of their active lif~. But just as the sun's rays blind us to the sun, so the glory of these saints' public l~fe shields from us the depth and the richness of their hidden life. And yet, as' ~ith the sun, so with them the brilliance of their renown takes its splendors from the ~ullness Of their prayerful nights and silent days wherein the energy of their souls and bodies spent itself upon God and upon His truth. With their whole souls they sought God: and loving Him with all the fire of their whole being enriched by grace, they loved other men and all things in this one all-consuming love. They set in order and tried to keep aright, the creatures in the little world of self before and even wh~le venturing among the creatures of the larger world of God's creation. In all they strove for God--in everything they sought to live the morning offering made to the Sacred Heart. ' This was-the, hidden life behind, shall we say, the feverish activity: this was the wellspring that on no account they allowed to run dry. If in the earthly life of Jesus we find such a startling proportion between the 'years spent amid the hills of Nazareth and years spent on the stage of public life; if ia the lives of the saints we find the sami~ preponderating inclination to slip into prayer, penance, and seclusion, surely we have a truth to learn and a lesson to practice in imitating Him and His chosen souls. The Church, the Body. of Christ, has caught this lesson; there-fore she cherishes with a jealous love and guards with zealous ca~e those of her members°taking Nazareth for their ideal and the prayer-z 69 MICHAEL LAPIERRE ful life of Mary and Joseph. f6r their model. Fbr she is quite aware that they carry on a very vital, though, unseen activity, just as Mary and Joseph performed a very important task in ~uarding, feeding; cI~thing, and teaching the Son of God. For they, walking in the footsteps of Joseph and Mary, guard, feed. c'l~)the, and'enrich today the Mystical Body of Christ. As consecrated workers of Jesus Christ. we need their intercession and support. Furthermore we need to strengthen the life of grace and of union with God ~n our own souls. If we have, a realization of the value of the Hidden Life we shall go ab6ut this with a wil!. To the degree to which we have formed in ourselves a knowledge and a love of J~sus Christ. to that degree even in the midst of the heaviest .and the most annoying work we shall find our minds and our hearts stealing back to taste and to relish the sweetness of the Lord. To Him our desires will fly as to a'harbor and a refuge; for Him our. whole soul will yearn: 'Who will give me wings like a dove and will fly and be at rest." "I have sought him whom my soul loveth . I have found him and I. will not let him go." "I have loved O lord the beauty ofThy house and the place Where Thy glory dwelleth." "How lovely are Thy tabernacles O Lord of hosts! My soul longeth and fain,teth for the courts of the Lord." It is the v,r-" rues of the Hidden Life that we must sow'and make to take root and flourish in. our souls. The better we succeed in this planting the more contemplative our lives will become. And the ,more contem-plative our lives become the.deeber and richer will be our knowledge of God and of His. love. The deeper and richer our knowledge and love of God becomes, the fuller and livelier becomes our Apostolate of Intention. For then we shall move about our daily tasks, then we. shall face our duties, then we shall ac'cept the disaplSointments of each day, then we shall welcome the joys of our pilgrimage, With one thought, with all the ene.rgies of body and soul, senses~and mind concentrated on one object, ,the seeking and the serving of God in each and everything that we think and say and do. For, "Many Waters cahnot quench charity, neither can the fl.oods.drown ,it. If a man sh6uld give all" the substance of his house for love he shall despise it as nothing." ' ' PROCEEDINGS: SISTERS' SECTIONOF CO'NGRESS Religious Comrnunitg Life in the United States. The Proceedings of the Sis-ters' Section of the First National Cgngress. Of Rel!gioUs' of .the United States, which was.held at Notr, e Dame, Indiana, last August, can now; be obtained from the Pau!- ist Press, 411 W. 59tbSt., Ne~, Ysrk 19, New York. $2.50. 70 I:::at:her bler!:ling on I nt:usefl Cont:empla!:ion Jerome Breunig. S'.J. 44~UT do not think you are mystics just because you have read ~ Garrigou-Lagrange's Three Ages of the Spiritual Life," said the rector of a major seminary who had been urging all to buy and read the book. The laudable prOmotion of books on the :mystical life often produces two very different reactions. Some are inclined to make too little of the possibility or desirability of mysti-cal graces, while others tend to be enthusiastically over-optimistic and. after some quickl.y digested reading, imagine they are in the "fifth mansion" as soon as they experience a few moments of serene prayer. In his manual, Theologica Ascetica. Louis Hertling, S.3., presents the basic, element.ary facts of mysticism b¥iefly and concisely, and in a way that 'inculcates respect in those iiaclined to be cynical or slighting and prudent reserve in those who would seem to expect to attain to infused contemplation in ten easy lessons. Father Hertling taught a course in ascetical theology at the Uni-versity, of Innsbruck and later at the Gregorian and Athenaeum Pon-tifical Universities in Rome. He first published his lectures in 1930 under the title, Lehrbuch clef Ascetischen Theologie. His lectures in Rome were published in 1947 by the Gregorian University Press as Theologia Ascetica. The present a'rticle is drawn from the section in the latter which treats of the way of the perfect, numbers 327-367. It does not attempt to reproduce the entire content but rather some of the more practical directives found in the treatise. Father Hertling's ideas about the theoretical problems of mysticism, the essential nature of it, and so on, are not accepted by many other theologians, but still ~they are well worthy of consideration and respect. His practical directions seem. very sensible and excellent. A mystic is defined as one who has infused contemplation, and infused contemplation as a perception of God orof the mysteries of faith wbii:h is beyond human powers. This perdeption is not miracu-lous as the vision the shepherds in Bethlehem-received, as bearing a voice from heaven, or as a prophet's infused knowledge.of, future events:~:. It is not necessarily altogetbe~ new knowledge, bur"it is a new way of knowing as the beatific vision is a new way of knowing. 71 JEROME BREUNIG Revieu.~ for Religious In fact, infused contemplation is in. the same order as beatific knowl-edge, but it lacks the clarity, extension, and permanence of the oter-hal vision. In the natural order, some of our knowledge is proper, some analogotis. We have proper knowledge of what we perceive through our senses. Of spiritual, suprasensible, and supernatural reality, such as, of God and of the, mysteries of faith, we can have only analogous knowledge naturally. But' supernaturally, through the mystical grace of infused contemplation, the favored soul receives more than that: it receives a proper, that is, a sort of immediate, experimental knowledge of the things of God. The definition 'of infused con-templation can therefore be stated: an experimental or at least quasi-experimental perception of God and of the divine mystdries. In simpler language, the mystic might be said to "sense," "touch," "experience" God. In the beatific vision we shall see God face to face, we shall know God as we are known by Him. This description by St. Paul (I Cot. 13) is magnificent and clear, but he does not explain how the finite mind attains the infinite. Theologians have proposed theories, .but all agree that the beatific vision is a~mystery in the strict sense of the word. Infused contemplation presents a somewhat parallel case. A mystic is said to "experience" God, and theologians propose theories to explain this divine experience. Such investigation is challenging and serves to increase the awe of the searcher before the grandeur of the divine, but it does little to unveil the mystery of the divine opera-tion. Father Hertling merely mentions a few of the theories and then quotes from his former colleagi~e at the Gregorian University, the late 3oseph de Guibert, S.3. "Many place the essence of infused contemplation in the soul's becoming directly and immediately con-scious of the supernatural gifts which it has received from God, and in these gifts attaining God Himself and through them His presence and action in themselves. There is no immediate intuition of God but an intuition in ~ mirror, in some objective medium . Nor must it be thought that the object of contemplation is not God Him-self but only his gifts. For these gifts are not only a mirror or medium in which the soul attains God, not by a dialectic process or reasoning, but intuitively, as when I see an object in a mirror, my attention does not stop with the mirror but is wholly taken, with the object that is seen in the mirror." (Theologia Spiritualis Ascetica et Mgstica, 399,401.) 72 March, 1953 I N FUS ED CONTEMPLATII21~I Some Questions Is the grace of infused contemplation ordinary or extraordinary, relatively rare or frequent? Do all have a vocation to it or only a few? Is infused contemplation the normal goal and crown of the spiritual life or not? There is a difference of opinion among theo-logians on these questions. In general, Father Hertling's position is. that ~he grace of infused contemplation is extraordinary and rela-tively rare, that not all are called, and that it is not the crown and 'goal of the spiritual life. He is careful, however, to make proper distinctions on each qiiestion. ~ Is the grace of contemplation extraordinary? It is if understood simply as not customary. But it is not in the sense that it' would be rash to wish it for oneself, to pray to,receive such a grace, to prepare dispositions as occasion offers, as it ,would be imprudent to seek visions or the gifts of miracles. Is it relatively rare? Those who deny that contemplation is rela-tively rare say that all who are in the state of grace possess it because it is the specific effect of the gifts ,of t,he Holy Ghost, which are in-fused with sanctifying grace. Sin~e it seems contrary to experience that all in grace have infused contemplation, those who hold this opinion say that the contemplation in the imperfect is still below consciousness, and, as perfection increa.ses, or as the soul is more and more freed from inordinate affections, the infused contemplation enters more and mo~e into consciousness. After agreeing that infused contemplation is an effect Of the gifts, or rather that it is a special gift of th~ Holy Spirit, the author gives this ~refutation. Infused contemplation is an act of the intellect or~ at least, it is to be considered in the category of actions and not of qualities, or habits. Now, an unconscious act of the intellect, or an illumination of the mind that is not perceived, seems to be a contra-diction. For this reason, it seems more correct to say tl~at the.gifts infused at the time of justification place in the soul a remote disposi-tion to receive contemplation, but contemplation itself is had only when it enters into consciousness. It would not be necessary for the favored soul to know this rdflectively,, for he could have infused con-templation without knowinlg it was such, or knowing that it wa~s something that others did nbt have. The point is, if it is perceived I in no way~ it is not present.] Are all called to contemplation or only some? This. call can be compared to the call to perfection. There is a remote call for all, if 73 JEROME BREUNIG': ~ Review }'or Religious the reception of sanctifying grace with the ~ifts of the Holy Spirit is considered, sufficient for such a Vocatioh. The author denies a,proxi-mate vocation for all. God does not promise .this grace to. all ',who to-operate as well'as they can with the grace they receive, for God does. not lead all by" the same way, nor does He want to.' God can ~ompensate for the absence of infused contemplation by giving :othei: graces to. help ~i'man attain perfection. Of course, 7the man with in-~ 'fused contemplation will advance more easily and can more re~idily advance .higher on the w.ay of perfection. The not-unrelated question of whether infused contemplation the goal and crown of the spiritual life is answered in the same way. Perfection, or. the goal of the spiritual life, is judged l~y the heroic ~,irtue of a man rather t-ban by his method of prayer. As said above, o ] a, man can attain.perfection without co, nterflplation. Contempl.ation, then. is rather a very efficacious means to reach the goal than the goal .itself. On" the Value of Contemplation The author steers a: middle course between the two extremes found among spi~i.tual directors. On the conservative side arethe spiritual directors who fear infused contemplation in souls hndet ~heir direction, are always afraid of illusions, and try severely the sbuls who may show signs of" contemplative graces. On 'the ovef-enthusiastic side are those who woul~l urge a.nd persuade all novices and young religious that they al~eady have ~or may soon expect in-fused contemplation. These 'men are often deceived by the theories spoken of above, such as the universal call to contemlSlation. Even the theologians do not understand these theories as some dir~ectors would wish to apply them, In this way they~le.ad souls, a~'S~. The-resa says; to'intrude themselves into mystical paths where ihey carry on as fools. On the other hand, infused Fontemplation is not as rare as many b~lieve. The highbst levels are very rare but not the qesser grades which are still 'true mystical states. It would not be tOO much to expect tofind one Or 6ther true contemplative in a large~ religi.ous community, and this not only ~m0ng':'jubilarians. Norneed such religious'be parii~ularly conspicuousbr riecessari.ly revered a~ tibly by '~'11. When a spiritual director meets,such a soul, he need not be filled witl~ dismay. I~ is not too urlusual or da,ngerou~: 'Generally speaking, graces are not dangerous. Illusions appear when there is question~ of something other than contempI'ation itself, such as visions, revelations, supernatural commands.' Of such phenomena March, 1953 INFUSED CON:FEMPLATION Father.i-iertling says: "'I would not believe one in a hundred or even one in a thousand." It can happen that one believes he has infused contemplation when he only has affective prayer. But even this is not harmful if it has the effect of f6stering.,the practice of virtue. When the diredtor investigates too much in these matters, intro~- duces.special trials, and especially when he talks too much about them, he may not only disturb but even cause ,the person he is directing to form too high an opinion of himself. The effects of ihfused'contemplation are ve, ry powerful and most desirable, especially when they occur ~ frequently. Success in living a life of virtue depends on,holy thoroughly the Interior life is pene-trated with the truths of faith. A man will constantly practice heroic virtue 0nly when he is completely penetrated with the truths so they.hold sway in his heart and mind over all else. This interior state can be acquired with labor by ordinary means such as medita-' tion. but it can be attained more quickly and efficaciously with the help of thatspecial light sent from above. In" an ordinary-state, the truths of faith, known only analogously and not directly, have less psychological efficacy, and this must be renewed continually by un-ceasing laboi. In infused contemplation, a man acquires a qug~i-experimental knowledge of divine trutbs so that supernaturalrrib: tives have the same or even greater cogency than natural ones. There is real danger when a man leaves the ordinary way iore: maturely and on his own. thinking he already has contemplation when he does not have it. This happens especially when be assumes privileges. True mystics do not have ' privileges." Such a ofiehears that contemplatives find discursive rheditation difficult a-nd. in time. impossible, and mistakenly thinks be is a m)istic when. because"~'of sloth or lack of training, he finds no delight in mental 15~?ayer anal does not m~ike any progress. Infused contemplation is not attainiid by'leaving off meditation: thi? would rather cut short an~ hope whatever of acquiring it. Since even authentic mystics are not always illumined by contemplation,~ they must in the in~erveni'ng time return tirelessly to ordinary ways of prayer. Again, an immature ~eligious he~ars that contemplatives ~re under the direktion of the Holy Spirit, as though contemplation would act )is a spiritual director, and therefore thinks that he'can now act freely and without'the counsels of older me'n. These illu-sions and dangers do not rise from contemplation itself, but from the error of those who do not have it. It can be seen that out-of.'seasdri 75 ,JEROME BREUN[G admonitions that all are called and must tend to contemplation could do more harm than good. Conditions and Dispositions Since contemplation is a. gratuitous gift of. God, it is not easy to determine the conditions or dispositions that would be more favor-able to the reception of this grace. The best natural dispositions for infused contemplation would seem to be a clear mind, seriousness of purpose, and a simplicity or harmony of character. Contrary. dispo-sitions would be genius and a highly imaginative or emotional na-ture. Too much versatility and talkativeness would also seem to be hindrances. In general, mystics are not reformers, innovators who blaze new trails, or critics. A youthful exuberance would also seem unfavorable. A maturer age (after 40 or 50) and a more tranquil outlook are required. Ordinarily, mystics are men with few ideas, but these are sublime ones. Sometimes their writings tend to be monotonous, continually presenting the same round of thought in the same style. Universal spirits such as St. Bernard and St.Theresa of Avila are the exceptions rather than the type of the true mystics. The ~study of mystical theology, association with mystics, and reading their books does not help directly. It can help indirectly by stirring up. interest in the study of the things of the spirit. Infused contemplation is not "contagious." There is no such thing as a mystical movement in the Catholic Church. Collective mysticism is almost certainly a sign of false mysticism. The best deoeloped dispositions for infused contemplation are magnanimity, the spirit of sadrifice, separation from the wbrld, self-denial, and an intense application to prayer. Without the greatest' diligence in cultivating mental prayer, persevered in over the years, there is hardly any hope of attaining to contemplation. The need for chastity and mortification is clear from the examples of the saints. As it is the best way to sanctity, so the religious life provides the most suitable form of life for the cultivation of a life of prayer. Con-templativeorders are particularly.adapted to help their members at-tain this higher state of prayer. It is not going too far to see in a vo-cation to a contemplative order a proximate vocation to infused con-templation. Still, the membe~ of a contemplative order who does not have this conten~plation is not on that account a poor religious, for the purpose of the religious life is always Christian perfection, which can be had without contemplation. But even those who live an active life dedicated to works of charity for others can attain contempla-tion as is attested frequently in the lives of, missionaries. , Xavier t:he Missionary J. J. De~ney, S.J. ALTHOUGH more than ten years elapsed from the time Xavier landed in India on May 6, 1542, until his death on Decem-ber 3, 1552. less than four years and ten months.were spent in the Indian phase of his apostolate, and even this time was very much broken up by movements from one place to another. The field in which he v~orked longest was the Tamil-speaking sections along the Fishery Coast and the southern coast of Travancore, and even there his stays totalled less than two years and were spread over a coastline considerably more than a hundred miles long. Making liberal allowances we can admit that Xavier ma~ have spent seven-teen months in Goa, but these months were diyided over the whole ten years of his stay in the East, and much of the time here was spent in working with the Portuguese and in administrative work. The time Xavier spent in mgving from one part of India to another. usually by sea, certainly totalled up to many weeks and probably months. The remaining time~ includes stays in Cochin (at least seven different times). Quilon, Bassein, Negapatam, and Mylapore. We must remember too that Xavier's work in Goa and the coastal towns of the Por,tuguese was much different from that among~ the Tamils of the south. Yet in spite of such a sho'rt-lived and diversified apostolate Xavier was to become the "Apostle of the Indies," and to be known and revered as such throughout the world. Few saihts are better known and loved than Saint Francis Xavier. and no country is more closely associated with the name of Xavier than India. How did Xavier merit such a close association with India in these few years of work in our country? Since Xavier's most typical missionary work was in the South. we will first consider his work done there. ~ In late October'of the year 1542 Xavier arrived on the Fishery Coast as the ~only priest among twenty thousand recently baptized Paravas in desperate need of religious instruction and speaking a language which he did not know. He set to" work energetically: studying the language, in-structing the people, and baptizing their children. " In a country where the birth-rate is high and life-expectancy is J. J. DEENE¥ Review for Relioious low. we can easily imagine that the unbaptized children who had ~been born since.the priest was last present among .the Paravas num-bered at least four or five thousand, for it is not likely that the unin-stru. ci~d Paravas baptized their children. Besides this. Xavier bap-tized many,dying babies of pagan parents: in one letter he tells us that bebaptized over one thousand babies who died soon afterwards. Thes~ facts alone would explain Xavier's great preoccupation with baptisms, which is reflected in his letters. However. be also baptized great numbers o'f pagan adults, first of all on-the Fishery Coast whe're he tells us his arm often becfime tired from baptizing new converts to the faith: and finally in Travancore where he himself testifies that be baptized ten thousand in one mon(b among a people who 'bad never before been introduced to Christianity. ° ,It is true that Xavier did not requird a prolonged catechumenate prior to baptizing, and that his "'quick" .baptisms of~ pagan adults wot~ld surprise us of a more exacting age, but we must realize tile cir-cumstances in which Xavier worked. When be came to ~heFishery Coast be was confronted with the immense task of instructing twenty thousand new Christians. baptizing their ~hildren. and gaining new converts. Necessarily the instructions had to be on a limited scale. The people were uneducated and Xavier had to rely for the far greater part on formulas memoi?ized in probably defective Tamil. To bring new converts to the same low'level of instruction witb"tbe rest~would not take much time. Xavier just bad to keep working, trusting in God, begging for more helpers so that be could raise the level of all. old and new Christians. and at least he had the cgnsolation of knowing that those Who died had been baptized." could be fairly sure of the stability of his new converts. The oppor. tunism which had led the greater number of these people to the faith would be a-strong inducement for all of them to remain Christians. for this would be their surest guarantee of protection against the Muslims. Meanwhile Xavier would work hard to supernaturalize their motivation and deepen their religious knowledge and their life of grace. ~ The whole movement among the fishermen of Travancore is but an application, on a grand scale of the same attitudes. Xavier had a sudden'opening, an invitation from a grateful local king to enter his territory and work among the fishermen who lived a!ong the coast. Xavier seized the opportunity and went swiftly from village to village briefly instructing and baptizing the people before 78 XAVIER THE MISSIONARY, the moment would pas.s: alrea'dy he-had .some help,.on tl~e Fishery. Coast when this new opportunity presented itself, and'he was confi-dent that new recruits for the mission would soon arrive from. Europe. These would have to consolidate the work. A modern missionary would perhaps be more cautious, and even some of his fellow missionaries;held a stricter view. Surely-one element which we cannot, excliade'in Xavjer's case is the prompting of divine grace, and We ha.ve, nogreater proof of this than the, strong Catholic .faith which still exists among .these peoples. Xavier's work in Goa and the Portuguese ,centres" wa~ cast in a different.mould, but was no less taxing on his energies. The Goa of Xavier's day was far frbm being a model of strong, religious life. Many of the Portuguese were soldiers of fortune away from the. type of family life that might promote even a modicum of decency. For their own sake of course these souls were important to Xavier: more; over, he saw that unless the life of the Portuguese presented a favourable picture of Christianity,.~tbe Indians would havi~ no inter-est in it. So ~a large amount of Xavier'.s attention was given to the Portuguese, preaching to them, hearing, their confessions, visiting the sick and those in prison, using every means of personal contact by ¯ .which be thought he could bring individuals around to'a better way of living. But the Indians were in no way neglected, and Xavier frequently put-aside special time for them and considered it his° greatest glory when he could find time. to.be with their children. - In all these .activities Xavier followed a very exacting time schedule. We know from the eloquent testimonies of Xavier's contemporaries that his presence infused a renewed spirit into the city- of Goa. In all fields of his activity Xavier's form of apostolate was ~tarkly dire~t. He could not afford to spend his time .producinig plays or organizing boys' ball clubs; there was too much to be done. Rather he approached the people ~ immediately off a highl.y spiritual level. He, tried to imbue everyone he contacted with a sense ofthe importance of .the part they must play in the work of. the apostolate. He considered the children ideal co-apostles, and frequently mentions, working through tl~eir instrumentality. His-letters to the King of Portugal find to the'local officials are ferven,t pleas-that they may do all they can~ to eradicate the abuses which are such.a hindrance to the work, a~nd:that~they may render every positive help they can. In his" numerQus.letters to his fellow ,Jesuits working.in India he constantly guides, and ~ncourages them. and we. know, from the testimony of 79 d. d. DEENEY Review [or Religious these Jesuits that his personal contact was a source o~ great inspira-tion to all of them. Even the letters which Xavier sent back to his companions in Europe produced great good for the work of the mis-sion in India, for each new letter was dagerly sought and widely cir-culated in the Jesuit colleges, and they captured young imaginations and set generous hearts on fire. Thus besides what Xavier did him-self in ministering to the good of souls, he gave a tremendous impetus to the work in India by imparting to others some of the warmth of the flame that burned within him. ~ But isn't there a negative side of Xavier's work in India which we should .not overlook if our picture is to be complete? It is very likely that the modern missiologist would not always find~ in Xavier's life the best exemplar of present:day mission theory." We find in Xavier's life no serious attempt at a sympathetic approach to the cultural life of the India of his day, nor do we see signs of his taking those means of adapting his ways to the ways of the people such as would later prove so effective in De Nobili's apoitolate. Xavier occasionally met Brahmins, but from the start he brands them as being "as perverse and wicked a set as can anywhere be found," and when he had one long talk about Indian religion with a learned Brahmin, he considered the fruits of the ~discussion not worth recording. Xavier knew that Indian literature is largely con-tained in a "sacred language," but there is no indication that Xavier ever considered learning this language. The fact that he started to use the vernaculars immediately is surely a strong point in his favour, but we have indications in Xavier's letters that his knowledge of the vernaculars was quite limited. After a year and a half of the two years spent in the South where Tamil was spoken, Xavier wrote, "I am among these people without an interpreter. Antonio is sick at Man'apar, and Rodrigo and Antonio (a different one)'are my interpreters. Thus you can imagine the life I lead, and the sermons I give, since they do not understand me, nor do I understand them. And you can imagine my efforts to talk with these people!" (29 Aug. 1544). / Also as we read Xavier's letters we feel that he did not seem to realize the importance, or at least the feasibility, of influencing 'the lower classes of India through the~intelligentsia. His own apostolate was carried on almost entirely among people of lower class, which can be explained perhaps, but it is harder 'to explain the fact that in his letters to Europe he regularly minimized learning as a requisite 80 March. 19~ XAVIER THE MISSIONARY for. the new missionary to India. Moreover, not only did Xavier fail to take positive means to identify himself with the chhUral life 6f India, but on the contrary Xavier, as we see him in his letters, is thoroughly identi~fied with the Portuguese; he was in continuous torrespondence with King John III of Portugal, and with the local officials, and had constant recourse to the Portuguese for. financial, legislative, and even military aid, nor was he slow to let this be known. He also required that all the new missionaries who did not know Portuguese should learn it immedi-ately upon coming to India. These might be considered limitations in Xavier's approach, but we must remember the sphere of action in which Divine Providence set Xavier's efforts in India. Si'nce Xavier's apostolate was either among the usually extremely poor fishermen or else in cities within the sphere of Portuguese influence, it' is natural that his attitudes s~hould he largely fashioned' by these environments. In the South he was absorbed in work for a people who were in constant danger of attacks, and for the sake of his people he had to be in close harmony with the Portuguese. In-the coastal cities ~ontroIled by the Portu-guese he had no other choice. Portuguese power would intrude itself whether Xavier wanted it or not. Actually much of Xavier's inter-~ vention with the Portuguese authorities was exerted in order t6 keep the Portuguese from hindering his work. Also we must realize that Xavier lived at a time, when Church and State were still very closely linked together, for good and for evil, and that he was working in a sphere where the State was actually willing to do much to aid the spread of religion, so it is natural that he availed himself of this aid as much as he could. This can explain Xavier's failure to adapt his ways to a more typically Indian society. It explains his failure to. consider learning as a necessary requisite for the new missionary. The apostolate of the Fishery Coast and along the southern coasts of Travancore re-quired practical men of robust health and solid virtue; for'the sea-towns controlled by the Portuguese he required good preachers also, apparently mostly for the benefit of the Portuguese, who were, for tl~e greater part, not so'much"in need of priests who could explain the fine points of dogma, as of priests who could shock them out of their attachment to sin. This brief description of Xavier's works helps us understand something of the accomplishments of.Xavier, and also something of 81 SUMMER: SESSIONS Review [or Religious the limitationk in his techniques, but it does not show us positi3~ely the tremendous force which,was Xavier. This can be gotten only by a direct personal study of Xavier. the man. the saint. Happily it is a study to which we have often applied our minds and hearts. Xavier is above all a marl entirely dedicated to God and absorbed in the work of winning s'0uls to God's love and life. Every line of his letters breathes this whole-soul absorption: nothing else matters: there is never a thought of his co~fort nor of rest: always the work to be done: .He is a man of intense activity, but the action never gets in the way of his deep union with God. His trust in God is unbounded i he fears only not to trust. 'Grace and nature gave him a heart with a great capacity for loving l~is fellowmen, and gave him great powers in influencing his. fellowmen. Indeed, although Xavier may not have made much contact with the higher cultural elements in India. he certainly, showed forth qualities which appealed strongly to all that was finest and typically ¯ Indian in those among whom he worked. For Xavier radiated forth a~ spirit, of profound union with God and of utterpoverty and detachment such as none of the Indian holy men could equal, and Xavier's deep sympathy for his people and willingndss to expend himself in their behalf was something unknown to their holy men, but appealing no less s~trongly on that account to the hearts of his people. Summer Sessions At Marquette University, Father Gerald Kelly, S.3. will con, duct a 5-day institute on Medico-Moral Problems, ~dune 15-!9. This instittite, which, covers all the provisions of the Catholic Hospital code, is for cfiaplains, Sisters, and other hospital personnel. Also, this summer M~rquette will inaugurate a program of studi.es leading to a degree of Master of Arts in the_ology. The program extends through,five summers, and provi~les two plans for the Master's de- .gree: one including a thesis,, the other without a thesis. The. intro~ ductory courses will be given in 1953, ,lune.22LJuly 31, by Fathers Augusti~ne Ellard, S.3., and Cyril Vollert, i.3. Among those who will conduct courses in subsequent years are: Fathers Cyril P. Dono-hue, S.,J., Gerald Ellard, S.3., Gerald Kelly, S.d., and Gerald F. Van 82 Mar¢~, ! 9~ 3 F~R YOUR INFORMATION Ackeren, S.J. For further information ,wi~te to: Rev. Eugene H. Kessler, S.J., Marquette University, Milwaukee 3, Wisconsin. The Institute for Religious at College Misericordia, Dallas, Pennsylvania (a three-year summer course of twelve days in canon law arid :iscetical theology for Sisters), will be held this year August 19-30. This is the first year in the triennial coursd. The course in canon law is given by the Reverend Joseph F. Gallen, S.J., that in ascetical theology by the Reverend Daniel J. M. Callahan, S.J., both of Woodstock College, Woodstock~ Maryland. The registration, is restricted to higher superiors, their councilors, mistresses of novices, and thosein similar positions. Applications are to be :;ddressed to Rev. Joseph F. Gallen, S;J., Woodstock College, Wood~tock, M& For Your Inrrorma ion " Scholarships for Librarians Mary.wood College, an ALA accredited library school, will offer three 'scholarships in librarianship for 1953-54 to graduates of ap-proved colleges. .Two of these scholarships are full tuition, $450, and the third; $350. The course of study for which' these scholar-shops are available le~ids to the, Master of Arts in LilSraria.nship. "They are competitive and are based on scholarship and background. Dead-line for application is May" 1. Address~ Marywood College, De-partn~ ent of Librarianship, Scranton 2, Pa. Futuramic Convention A Futuramic Convention will be held at Central Catholic High S~hool, Canton, Ohio, on March 31 and April I, 1953. Religious ~orders, colleges, business, industry, and branches of the service are in-vited to participate. Those interested can write for more information to Futuramic Cowcention Headquarters, Central Catholic High School, 4824 Tuscarawas Street, West, Canton 8, Ohio. Transparencies for .Vocational Project : A priest, wqrking on a project to foster interest in vocations to the Sisterhood, is: anxious to contact any priest or Sister who has a selection of 35 mm color transparencies depicting the everyday life of the Sister in th~ novitiate, the convent, the school and hospital, and in the missions at home and abroad. Write to. Fr. B. Megannet~, O.M.I., St. Patrick's College, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 83 Divided Attention P. De Letter, S.J. ONE of the most common forms of inattention during prayer is divided attention. Who does not know from experience what this means? We go to pray and sincerely try to apply our-selves to prayer. We pray the beads or the Divine Office, make our. meditation, say or hear Mass. But while the deliberate application of our mind goes to and stays on the prayer, another half of our mind, subconsciously or half-deliberately, is taken up with thoughts completely foreign to our prayer, Our interest, worry, preoccupa-tion, Our plans for the day or the week, are at the back of our minds, struggling to come to the fore and divert our attention. Even when we do not. wilfully give in, but strive as best we can, the play of the unwanted thoughts and images carries on ,in the background of our mind like another actor on a second stage. The "intruder" succeeds at times in drawing our attention away from prayer and lessening our application by fifty per cent or more. The resulting prayer looks superficial and shalIow. Our mind and heart seem to have little grip on the subject of\our medi.tation. Prayer is not exactly mere lip service. We still give a half-hearted advektence to the matter of our meditation. But neither vocal nor mental pra)'er is thorough, satisfactory. They do. not occupy us fully. No wonder we feel ,small and draw little profit from them. Could it be other-wise when our prayer is half-hearted? ,Can nothing be done? Is there little hope that sorhe day, with the help of His grace, things maY improve ? Human minds are naturally fickle and prone to divide attention among many objects. This is particu~larly true when they are at-tracted to things other than uninteresting duty. But what makes matters worse is that we train ourselves to divide our attention. The inevitable amount of' ~outine occupation, both Spiritual and tempo-ral, found in regular life a~tually fosters this division. Besides, the advice of spi'ritual authors often tends to emphasize this training for a "double life." Some routine work develops a mechanical Way of acting which demands and generally takes little attention. Without allowing itself to slip into inattention ~hat harms the work, the mind can pursue a different train of thought on its own. How many ideas originate in this twilight zone! While we are performing routine 84 DIVIDED A'VFENTION tasks, oar real intere, st follows up its own spe.culations. In regular community life, moreover, we are positively encour-aged to divide our attention. When we do manual work, we are " to keep our mind occupied with spiritual thoughts that can keep us united with God. When at meals, we are not to be too much en-grossed with the material occupation but "to let the soul have her food" in the reading at table or in pious reflections. We are definitely asked to train ourselves to divided attention. Nor is this practice to be cofifined to exterior occupations. 'When reciting our rosary or saying the Office, there is no need. to try to pay attention to every word. While saying the 'Hail Marys, we are to reflect either on the mystery, on the person to whom we pray, or on our special intention. While reciting a psalm, we need not follow the meaning of every word (who could do that?), but we may keep ¯ our attention on its main idea or on some striking phrase or thought. In that manner we expressly foster, in our very prayer, a psychology of divided attention. Is it surprising that something similar happens when we do not look for it and wish to give ourselves fully to prayer. After developing the habit of dividing our attention, both outside of and during prayer, we must not be surprised to find the habit coming into play even when we are not planning on it. Obviously, divided attention is not all wrong. We cannot help dividing our attention. A spiritual life that is not confined to chapel or prie-dieu but penetrates into our day's work is not possible with-out it. The spiritual advice we are given about attenti6n in spiritual and temporal duties is certainly right. We do ~ell in following it. There is nothing wrong with that divided attention which we foster deliberately. It is a means of saturating our action in contemplation, of making our vocal prayer approach ever closer to mehtal prayer. It is a fact, nevertheless, that the habit of deliberately dividing our attention is not without harmful consequences. We suffer from these when we turn our minds to set period~ of prayer. The habit is prone to act in an indeliberate manner. Such is the mechanism of every habit or second nature. This may evidently hinder our pur-poseful action. Trained to divide their application, our minds often do 'so spontaneously just when we wish to concentrate on one sub-ject. A special effort is required, to counteract this natural and de-veloped propensity. To know ,the factor~ that favor the indeliberate activity of the divided-attention habit is the first step we can take to oppose them 85 'P. DE L~TTER Review ~,or Religious effectively and neutralize their influence., The~se may be divided into three groups: affections that occupy one's emotional powers, such as, desire and hope, fear and anxiety: thoughts and memories steeped in emotional content: new sense-perceptions which we are permitting or seeking here and now. These are factors to be reckoned with. ¯ The shallowness of prayer that is,caused by the habit of divided attention cannot be remedied completely. 'There is no need ~o at- ¯ tempt the impossible. To prevent every surprise of divided attention would require a vigilance so sustained that it could not be demanded in. our every day duties. The power of the habit can be lessened and controlled, but the habit itself can hardly be rooted out'altogether. We can go far in learning to control its spontaneous activity by fol-lowing the wise rules given by the masters of Catholic spirituality. Our emotions, desires, hopes, anxieties, fears are among the chief causes of the thoughts and images that disturb our prayer. A two-fold effort can check the noxious action of these worries and preoc-cupations. First is the long-range strat.egy. By personal effort and with the help of gr.ace we can train ourselves, to control our emotions. We can prevent them from upsetting our peace of soul. The measure of success in this effort varies for different temperaments, characters, ai~d graces. Some are easily excited, preoccupied, worried. Others can take things more evenly. Not all have th~ same will power~ Not ail receive the same graces. But those called to a state of perfection or to the priesthood should possess this self-control to a marked de-gree: this is part of the vocational fitness and they are in a position to inirease'it steadily. .This self-mastery and habituai'peace of mind is-nothing else than the remote preparation for pra3ier which spiritual authors, without exception, recommend. Secondly, spiritual authorities also insist on immediate prepara-tion. -This consists in arranging for a psychological transition-stage from exterior occupations to prayer. This transition must be gradual, It must allow a peaceful and organic switch-over from the .one to the other. It may not be mechanical. Our psychological make-up is such that sudden transitions c6mmanded by sheer will power or whim rarely succeed. What occupied the mind before prayer stays on and continues to hold us" half-consciously. We must allow the hold to decline gradually. Before prayer we must give our mind and heart a chance to shift from @hat occupied them before, and to turn peacefully but definitely to prayer. To make this mgve :effective, motivation is important. We may find. motives by asking 86 March, 1953 DIVIDED.ATTENTION the traditional preparatory questions': "What ain I ,about todo?" "To Whom am I going to speak?" The better we manage this trari-sition, the greater the chance for success in forestalling divided atten-tion. The same twofold effort for remote and. immediate preparation l~elps to ,redu.ce the harmful influence of the thoughts and memories steeped in emotional cbntent that stay on in the mind during prayer. They are reduced as a cause of distraction by habitual union with God, habitual self-control, and a determined immediate l~reparation for prayer. The third source of divided attention is easier to"dr~/up." ¯ It is ~w~at we'see and hear around us during prayer. To allowthe eyes and ears to prey for .new sensations is evidently looking for trouble. Why invite images to enter, when they have to be dismissed at once? A suitable place for prayer should eliminate most divided attention from this source. It may happen that remote and proximate preparation for pra~,er meet with 0nly partial success, for instance, on occasions of marked emotional disturbance, whether of great joy or of great anxiety" When we have been half-hearted in our effort and are paying the price in half-distracted prayer, can we still do something? Can we go agains~ distractions and salvage a little of our prayer? A: condition for success is to nouce the distraction and to desire to overcome it. We are able to notice it, for our mind.is not fully~ taken .up by the distracting thoughts. We can also desire to remedy the situation. Our very dissatisfaction is a first step towards im- -provement. With the help of grace we can rouse ourselves to effecliive volition. '.The following considerations might prove of help in con-trolling and counteracting divided attention. A.first means is to arouse a desire for,.real prayer, for real union with God. We can desire, or at~ least desire to d~sire, this deeper contact with God. We can express this desire by asking for grace. Unless we really wish to pray, we are not likely to make ~he needed effort. In prayer, our effort and God's grace go hand in hand. The desire must be rooted in the awareness of our need for contact w~th God who.is our strength and happiness. A life dedicated to God has no meaning without real union with Him. The awareness of what we are and do should excite a genuine desire of actual union with God. Aided by grace, this desire should grow strong enough to tin-saddle distracting affections. This will .not always succeed. Our worries may be too pervading 87 P. DE LETTER and penetrating~ When it fails, it might be useful to pray about°our distractions. One way of unifying divided attention is to bring the troublesome care to the fore and to center our attention on it under God'~ eyes. We can prayerfully reflect before God on what worries us, on our plans and ideas, hopes and apprehensions, and entrust these to His Providence. What can be better than this? When we beg Him to enable us to do what He demands, our very worries' may unite us closer to Him in genuine prhyer. This use of our distrac-tions is not without danger. Unless we.be fully sincere about ex-ploiting them, we may be !ed into far-away considerations and for- .get about prayer. , But if we are sincere, and if our first effort in tackling distracting worries has failed, there is a good chance that this second means may prove more helpful. At any rate, this prayer will likely be better than a half-distracted and desireless resignation. Lastly, we can insist on the self-surrender we make in prayer. Even under surface inattention this can be genuine. In spite of some unwanted and repelled wandering of the mind, prayer can really be raising of the heart to God. Prayer indeedis more a matter of inten-tion than of attention. Attention, of course, is always required, but the intention of surrendering to God is the heart of prayer When this is thorough, distracting thoughts easily lose" their interest and their grip. Le[ se.lf-surrender 15e sincere: shall we not be'straightfor-ward in setting aside what does not tally with it? Passing and un- '~ccepted wandering of the mind does not seriously break our contact with God. And the more pervading our surrender, the rarer also and less lasting our distractions. This last consideration suggests the radical remedy for divided attention in prayer. But it is not a quick device or a palliative for passing ill. It is a whole attitude of life. Our minds will easily concentrate on God in prayer when our lives are centered in Him, when He is our all?embracing~love and "worry." Then othdr wor- ties and preoccupations shrink into unimportance. They lose their hold on our minds and hearts. The more we grow in that one iove, the higher~ we rise above temp~ral occupations. That growth is the work of a lifetime. In its unfinished stages we are likely to exper,- ence. the trouble of divided attention in prayer now and again. No grave harm will come from it if we sincerely keep up the, struggle T1fiere are no magic or mechanical devices to rid us of this evil. It the simplicity and unity of one Love which ~must rule our' lives that will also bring unity and stability to our naturally wandering minds. 88 The I:ucharis :ic APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTION OF HIS HOLINESS POPE PIUS XI[ ON LEGISLATION TO BE OBSERVED REGARDING THE EUCHARISTIC FAST. PIUS, BISHOP, SERVANT OF THE SERVANTS OF GOD FOR AN EVERLASTING REMEMBRANCE ~i~HR, IST Our Lord, on the in which He was betrayed" Cot. 11 :23), when for the last time He celebrated the Pasch of the Old Law, took bread and, giving thanks, broke and gave it to His disciples after the supper was finished (cf. Ldke 22:20), saying: "This ,is My body which shall be delivered for you" (I Cot. 11:24). Ir~ the same way He handed the chalice to them, with the words: "This is My blood of the New Testament, which shall be shed for many" (Matt. 26:28); and He added: "This do for the commemoration of Me" (cf. I Cot. 11:24 f.). These passages of Sacred Scripture clearly show' that our Divine Redeemer wished to substitute, in place of that last celebration of the Passover in which a lamb was eaten according to the Hebrew rite, a new Pasch that would endure until the end of time. This is the Pasch in which we eat the Immaculate Lamb that was immolated for the life of the.world." Thus the new Pasch of the New Law brought the ancient Passover to an end, and,truth dispelled shadow (cf. the hymn Lauda Sion in the Roman Missal). The relation between the two suppers, was designed to indicate the transition from the ancient Pasch to the new. Accordingly, we can easily see why the Church, in renewing the Eucharistic Sacrifice to commemorate our Divine Redeemer as He had commanded, could relinquish the conventions prevailing at the older Love Feast and introduce the practice of the Eucharistic fast. From the earliest times the custom developed of distributing the Eucharist to the faithful who were fasting (cf. Benedict XIV, De Synodo diocesana, VI, cap. 8~ no. 10). Toward the end of the fourth century fasting was prescribed in a number of Councils for those who were to celebrate the Eucharistic Sacrifice. Thus ir~ the year 393 the Council. of Hippo decreed: "The Sacrament of the Altar shall not be celebrated except by persons, who are fasting" 89 POPE PlUS XII Revieu., for Religious (Conc. Hipp., can. 28: Mansi, III, 923). Not long after, in the year 397, the same prescription, phrased in the vgry same words, was issued by the "Third Council of Carth.age (Conc. Carthag. IlI, cap. 29:'MansL III, 885). By the beginning of the fifth century this practice was quite universal and could be said to be immemorial. Hence St. Augustine asserts that the Holy Eucharist is always received by persons who are fastihg and that this usage is observed through-out the whole world (cf. St. Augustine, Epist. 54, Ad Ianuarium, cap. 6: Migne, PL, XXXIII, 203). Undoubtedly this practice was based on very' weighty reasons. Among them may be mentioned, first of all, the situa.tion deplored b'y the Apostle of the Gentiles in connection with the fraternal Love Feast of.theCbristians (cf. I Cot. !1:21 ft.). Abstinence from food and drink is in accord with the deep reverence we owe to the supreme m~jesty of 3esus Christ when we come to receive Him hid-den' ufider the Eucharistic veil. Moreover. when x~e consume His precious body and blood before we partake of any other food. we give clear evidence of our conviction that this is the, first and most excel!enf nourishment of all, a refreshmen.t that sustains our very souls and increases their holiness. With good reason, then, St. Au-gustine reminds us: ".It has pleased the Holy Spirit that. in honor of so great a sacrament, the Lord's body should enter the mouth of a Christian before food of any other kind" (St. Augustine, loc. c~t.). The Eucharistic fast not only pays a tribute of honor due to our Divine Redeemer, but also fosters our devotion.' Therefore it can help to increase the salutary fruits of holiness which Christ, the source and author of all good, desires us who have been enriched with His grace, to bring forth. ' Besides; everyone who has had experience of the laws of human nature knows that when the body is not sluggish with'food, the mind is aroused to greater activity and is'inflamed ro meditate more ferventl}; on that bidden and sublime mystei'y which unfolds within the temple of the soul, to the growth of divine love. The importance ,which the Church attaches to the observance of the Eucharistic fast can also be gathered from the gravity of the pen-alties imposed for its violation. The Seventh Council of Toledo, in the year 641, threatened with excommunicstion anyone who qcould offe,r the HolyI Sacrifice after having broken his fast (Conc. Tole-tanum VII, cap. 2: Mansi, X, 768). In the year 572 the Third Council of Braga (Conc. Bracarense III, can. 10: Mansi, IX. 841.), 9O March: 1953 THE EUCHARISTIC FAST 'and in 585 'the Second Council of Macon (Conc. Matisconense II, can. 6: Mansi, IX, 952) bad previously decreed that ahyone~ who incurred this guilt should be deposed from office and deprived of his dignities. As the centuries rolled on, however, careful attention was paid to the consideration that expediency sometimes required, because of special circumstances, the introduction of some measure of mitigation into the law of fasting as it affected the faithful Thus in the year 1415 the Council of Constance, after reaffirming the venerable law, added a modification: "The authority of the sacred~canons and the praiseworthy customs approved by the Church havre prescribed and do now prescribe that the Hol~; Sacrifice should not be offered after the celebrant has taken food, and that Holy Communion should not be received by the faithful who are not fasting, except in the case of illness or of some other grave reason provided for by law or granted by ecclesiastical superiors" (Cone. Constantiae, sess. XIII: Mansi, XXVII, 727). We have desired to recall these enactments ~o mind that all may understand that We, although granting not a few faculties and per-missions regarding this matter in view of the new conditions arising from the changing times, still intend by the present Apostolic Letter to retain in full force the law and usage respecting the Eucharistic fast. We also wish to' remind those who are able to observe the law that they must continue to do so carefully. Consequently only they who need these concessions may avail themselves of the same accord-ing to the measure of tbelr need. We are filled with joy--and We are glad to express Our satis-faction here, if only briefly--when We perceive that devotion to the Blessed Sacrament is increasing day by day in the souls of Christ's' faithful as well as in .the splendor surrouhding divine worship. This fact emerges whenever the people gather for public congresses. The paternal directives of Sovereign Pontiffs have undoubtedly contrib-" uted much to the present happy state of affairs. This is particularly true of Blessed Plus X, who called on all to revive the ancient usage of the, Church and urged them to 'receive the Bread of Angels very frequently, even daily if possible (S. Congr. Concilii, Decree Sacra Tridentina S~tnodus, Dec. 20, 1905: Acta S. Sedis, 'XXXVIII~ 400.ft.). At the same time be invited children to this heavenly Fbod, and wisely declared that the precept of sacramental confession and of Holy Communion extends to all without exception who have 91 POPE PIUS XII Review [or Religious attained the use of reason (S. Congr. de Sacramentis, Decree Quam sir~gula~:i, Aug. 8, 1910: ttcta Apostolicae Sedis, II, 577 ft.). This prescription was later confirmed by.Canon Law (C. I. C., canon 8d3; cf. canon 85zL § 5).-In generous and willing response to the desires of the Sovereign Pontiffs, the faithful have been receiving Holy Communion in ever greater numbers. May this hunger for the heavenly Bread and the thirst for the divine Blood burn atidently in the hearts of all m~n, whatever their age or social condition may be! Yet allowance must be made for the fact that the extraordinary circumstances of the times we live in have introduced many modifica-tions into the habits of society and the activities of our workaday life. Consequently serious difficulties may arise to prevent people from participating in the divine mysteries, if the law of Eucharistic fast should have to be kept by.all with the strictness that has ipre-vailed up to the present time. In the first place, priests in our day, owing to insufficient num-bers, ate clearly unequal to the task of dealing with the constantly growing needs of Christians. On Sundays and holydays, particu-larly, they are often overburdened with work. They have to offer the Eucharistic Sacrifice at a late hour, and not rarely twice or even three tim~s the same day. They are frequently obliged to travel a considerable distance that large portions of their flocks may not be deprived of Holy Mass. Apostolic toil of this exhausting kind un-questionably undermines the health of our clergy. The difficulty mounts when we reflect that, besides celebrating Mass and explaining the Gospel, they have to hear confessions, teach catechism, and take care of the manifold tither duties of their ministry which" is more exacting and laborious than ever before. In addition to all this, they must prepare and adopt measures to repel the relentless attacks that in our day are craftily and savagely launched on many fronts against God and His Church. But Our thoughts and Our heart go out most of all to those who are laboring in distant lands far from their native soil, because they have nobly answered the invitation and command of the divine Master: "Going, therefore, teach ye all nations" (Matt, 28:19). We have in mind the heralds of the Gospel. They endure the most crushing burdens and overcome every imaginable obstacle in their travels, with no other ambition than to wear themselves out that the light of the Christian religion may dawn for all men, and that their flocks, many of them but recently received-into the Catholic faith, 92 Ma~h. 1953 THE EUCHARISTIC FAST may be fed with the Bread of Angels which nourishes virtue and re-. kindles love. A similar situation arises amofig those Catholics who live in many of the districts committed to the charge of missionaries or in other places that lack the services of a resident priest. They have to wait hour after bou~ until a priest arrives that they may assist at the Eucharistic Sacrifice and receive Holy Communion. Furthermore, with the development of machinery in various in-dustries, countless workers employed in factories, transportation, sbipping,'or other public utilities, are occupied~ day and night in al-ternate shifts. The exhausting hature of their work may compel them to take periodic- nourishment to restore their energies, with the result that they are unable to observe the Eucharistic fast and hence are kept away from Holy Communion. Mothers of families, likewise, are often unable to go to Holy Communion until they have finished their household duties. Such tasks usually require many hours of hard work. Again, the case of school children presents a problem. Many boys and gibls are eager to take advantage of the divine invitation: "Suffer the little children to come unto Me" (Mark 10:14). They put all their trust in Him "who feedeth among the lilies" (Cant. 2:16: 6:2), knowing that He will guard the purity of their souls against the temptations which assail youth and will protect the in-nocence of their lives from the snares which the world sets to trap them. But at times it is extremely difficult to arrange to go to church and receive HoI~ Communion, and after that to re~urn home for the breakfast they need before setting out for school. Another matter of frequent occurrence today is that large num-bers ~f people c~oss from place to place during the afternoon hours to be present at religious functions or to attend meetings on social questions. If pe.rmis~ion were given on such occasions to offer the Holy Sacrifice, which is the living fountain of divine grace and in-spires wills to desire growth in virtue, there is no doubt that all could draw upon this source of strength to think and act in a thor-ougbly Christian manner and to obey just laws. These specific considerations may well be augmented, by others of a more general kind. Although the science of medicine and the study of hygiene have made enormous progress and have contributed greatly to the reduction of mortality, especially among the young, conditions of life at the present time and the hardships brought on 93 POPE-PlUS XII Review for Religious by the frightful wars of 6ur century have seriously impaired bodily constitutions and public health. For these reasons, and especially for the purpose of promoting reawakened devotion toward the Eucharist, numerous bishops of v~irious, nationalities have requested, in official letters, that the law of fast might be somewhat mitigated. The Apostolic See had previ-, ously shown itself favorably disposed in this regard .by granting special faculties and dispensations both 'to priests and to the faithful. As an e.xample of such concessions, the Decree entitled P. gst'Editum may be mentioned; it was issued by the Sacred Congregation of the Council, December 7-, 1906, for the benefit of the sick (Acta S. Sedis, XXXIX, 603 ffl). Another is the Letter df May 22, 1923, sent by the SacrM Congregation of the Holy Office to local Ordinaries in favor of priests (S.S. Congregationis S. Officii Litterae locorum Or-dinariis datae super ieiunio euc,haristico ante Missam: Acta Ap. Sedis, XV, 151 ft,). ~ In these latter times, the petitions of the bishops hav.e become more frequent and urgent. Likewise the faculties granted have been more liberal, partcularly those that were conferred because of war c6nditions. All this clearly discloses the existence of new, serious. coniinuing, and widely prevailing reasons which, in the diversified circumstances brought to light, render the cdebration ~f the Holy Sacrifice by priests .and the reception of Communion by the faithful ex_ceedingly difficult, if the la~, of fasting has to be observed. ¯ .Accordingly, to alleviate these grave hardships and incOnveni-ences, and to eliminate the possibility of inconsistent practice to which the variety of: indults previously granted may lead, We deem it n.ecessary to mitigate the legislation governing the Eucharistic fast ~to such an extent that all may be able more easily to fulfill the law as perfectly as possible, in view of particular circumstances of time, place, and person. By issuing this decree, We trust that We may contribute substantially to the growth of Eucharistic devotion,, and thus more effectively persuade and induce all to sharc in the An-gelic! Banquet. This will surely redound to the glory,of. God and will enhance the holiness of the Mystical Body of Christ. By our Apostolic authbrit~r, therefore, we enact and decree ihe folio.wing; I. The law of Eucharistic fast, to be observed from midnight,. cgntijaues in force for all those who do not come under the. special Mar~l~. 1953 THE EUCHARISTIC FA ST conditions which We shall set forth in this Apostolic Constitution. In the futuie, however, this general principle, valid for aIl ,, alike, whether priests or faithful, shall prevail: plain water does not break the Eucharistic fast: II. Those who are ill, even though not confined to bed, may, on the advice of a prudent, c.onfessor, take something in the form of drink or of true medicine: but alcoholic beverages are excluded. The same faculty is granted to priests who are ill yet desire to celebrate MASS. ~. III. Priests who are° to offer the Holy Sacrifice at a late. hour or after onerous work of the sacred ministry or after a long journey, may take something in the form of drink, exclgsive of alcoholic.bev-erages. However, they must abstain from such refreshment for the period Of at least ~one hour before' they celebrate Mass. I~r. 'Priests who celebrate Mass twice or three times the ~ame day. may. consume the ablutions at each Mass. In such cases, how' ever, the ablutions must be restricted to water.alone, and mu~t not include, wine. ~ V. Likewise the faithful, even though they are not ill, who are unable to observe a. complete fast until the tiine of Communion, be-cause of some grave inconvenience--that is, because of fatiguing work, or the lateness of the hour at which alone they can receive the Holy Eucharist, or the long distances they have to travel--may, on the, advice of a prudent confessor, and as ,long as such state of necessity lasts, take something in the form of drink, to the exclusion of alco-holic beverages. However, they must abstain from refreshment of this kind for the period of at least one hour before they receive Holy Communion. VI. If circumstances indicate a necessity, We grant to local Or-dinaries authorization to permit the celebration of Mass at. an eve-ning hour, as We have said, but with the restriction that Mass shall notbegin before four o'clock in the afternoon. This evening Mass may be celebrated on the following days: on Sundays and h61ydays of dbligation which are obseived at the present time or were formerly obserged, on the first Friday of each month, and on days delebrated With solemn functions which the people attend in great numbers; finally, in addition to these days, on one day a week~ The pries,t who offers Mass.on these occasions must observe a fast of .three hours from solid f6od and~alcoholic beverages, and of one hour from non- March. 1953 ~ THE EUCHARISTIC FAST alcoholic beverages. At such Masses the faithful may receive Holy Communion, ob, serving the same rule r~garding the Eucharistic fa.~st, but the prescription contained in canon 857' remains in force. In mission territories, after due consideration of the extraordi-nary con(~itions there prevailing; which for the most part prevent priests from v.isiting their distant stations except rarely, local .Ordi-naries may grant to missionaries faculties to celebrate evening Mass also on other days of the week. ' Local Ordinaries are to exercise care that any interpretation en-larging on ~he faculties here granted is precluded, and that all danger of abuse and irreverencein this matter is removed3 In granting these faculties, which circufiastances of person,place, and time make impera-tive in our day, We decidedly intend to reaffirm ~he importance, binding force, and good effects of the Eucharistic fast for those° who are to receive our Divine Redeemer dwelling concealed underneath the Eucharistic veils. Besides, whenever bodily discomforts are re-duced, the soul ought to do~ what, it can to restore equilibrium, either by interior'penance or in other ways. This is in harmony with the traditional practice of the Church, which is accustomed to enjoin other pious works when it mitigates the obligation to fast. Accordingly, they who are in a position to take advantage of the faculties here granted, should offer up more fervent prayers to adore God, to thank Him, and above all to expiate their sins and implore newgraces from on high. Since all must recognize that the Eucharist has been ins[ituted by Christ "as an everlasting memorial of His Passion" (St. ~Fhbmas, Opusc. LVII, Office for the Feast of Corpus ChristL lesson IV, Opera Omr~ia, Rome, 1570, Vol. XVII), they should stir up in their hearts those sentiments of Christian hu-mility and contrition which meditation on the sufferings and death of our Divine Redeemer "ought to arouse, Moreover, let all offer to our Divine Rddeemer, who keeps fresh the greatest proof of His love by uiaceasingly immolating Himself on our altars, ever more abun-dant fruits of their charity toward their fellow men. In this way, surely, all Will do their part, better and better every day, toward alizing the words of the Apostle to the Gentiles: "We, being many, are one bread, one body~ all that partake of one ,bread" (I Cor 10:17). We desire that all the decrees set forth in this Constitution shall be. firmly established, ratified, and valid, an~ything to the contrary 96 March. 1953 THE EUCHAILISTIC FiST notwithstanding, even what "may seem to be deserving of special men-tion. All other privileges and faculties granted in any form by the Holy See are abolished, that this legislation may be duly and uni-formly observed throughout the ;¢ orld by all men. All the decrees herein enacted shall become operative from the date of their publication in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis. Given at St. Peter's in Rome, in the year of Our Lord nineteen hundred and fifty-three, the sixth day of January, on the Feast of. the Epiphany, in the fourteenth year of Our Pontificate. POPE PIUS XlI Instruction ot: Holy OJ:t:ico SACRED CONGREGATION OF THE HOLY OFFICE INSTRU'~TION ON THE LEGISLATION TO BE OBSERVED CONCERNING THE EUCHARISTIC FAST The Apostolic Constitution Christus Dominus, issued this day by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius )~II, gloriously reigning, grants a number of faculties and dispensations concerning the observance of the law of Eucharistic ~fast. At the same time. it substantially con-firms most of the norms which the Code of Canon Law (canons 808 and 858, § 1) imposes on priests and the faithful who are able to observe the law. Yet these persons are likewise included in the favor conferred by the first prescription of the Constitution, according to which plain water (that is, ordinary water without the admixture of any other substance whatever), no longer breaks the Eucharistic fast (Constitution, n. I). With regard to all the other concessions, however, only those priests and faithful may take advantage of them who find themselve~ in the particular conditions specified in the Con-stitution, or who celebrate evening Masses or receive Holy Commun-ion at evening Masses which are authorized by Ordinaries within the limits of the new faculties granted to them. Accordingly, to secure throughout the world a uniform observ-ance of the norms pertinent to these concessions and t0 forestall every interpretation that would enlarge on the faculties granted, as well as to obviate any abuse in this matter, this Supreme Sacred Congrega-" .97 INSTRUCTION OF HOLY OFFICE Reoietu for'Religious tion of the Holy Office, by order and command of the Sovereign Pontiff, lays down the following directives: Concerning the sick, whether the faithful or priests (Constitution, n~ II) 1. The faithf~ul who are ill, ~ven though not confined to bed. may take something in the form of drink, with the exception of al-coholic beverages, if because of their illness the); are unable, without grave inconvenience, to observe a complete fast until the r.eception of Holy Communion. They may also take something' in the form of medicine, either liquid (but not alcoholic drinks) or solid, provided it is real medicine, prescribed by a physician or generally recognized as such. However. as must be noted, solid foods taken a's mere nour, ishment cannot be regarded as medicine. 2. ,The conditions that must be verified before anyone may use a dispensation from the law of fasting, .for which no time".limit pre-ceding Holy Communion is set down, are to be pru, dently weighed by a confessor, and no one may avail himself of the dispensatior~ without his approval. The confessor may give his approvai either in ¯ sacramental confession or outside of confession, and once and for all so that it holds good as long as the same conditions of illness endure. 3. Priests who are ill, even though not confined to bed, may likewise take advantage of the dislbensation, whether,they, intend to celebrate Mass or wish only to receive Holy Communion. Concerning priests in special circumstances (Consti'tution, nn. III and IV) 4'. Priests who are not ill and who are :to celebrate Mass (a) at a late hou'r (that is,-after nine o'clock in the morning), or (b) after onerous work of the sacred ministry .(beginning, for example, early in the morning or lasting for a lbng time), or (c) after a long jour-ney (that~is, at least a mile and a quarter or so :on fogt, or a propor-tionately greater distance in accordance with the "means of. travel em-ployed, allowance being made, too, for difficulties of the journey and personal~considerations), may take something in the. form of drink, exclusive of alcoholic beverages. 5. The three cases enumerated' above are,formulated .in-such a way'as to embrace all the circu'mstances for which the legislator in-tends to grant the aforesaid faculty. Therefore any interpretation that would.extend the faculties granted must :be avoided~ 98 March. 1953 , THE EUCHARISTICF.AST 6. l~riests who find themselves in these circumstances may take. something in the form of drink once or several times,, but must serve a fast of one hour prior to the celebration of Mass.:. 7. Furthermore, all priests who are to celebrate" tWO . or; three Masses the same day may, at the first Mass or Masses, .take the two ablutions pr~escribed by the rubrics of the Miss.al, .hut using only water. This is merely an application of the new principle that-water does not break the fast. However,. priests who celebrate three Masses without interval on Chrismas or on All Souls' Day are obliged to observe the. rubrics regulating ablutions. 8. Yet if the priest who is to celebrate two or three Masses should inadvertently take wine in'the ablutions', he is not forbidden to celebrate the second and third Mass. Concerning the faithful in special "circumstances (Constitution, n. "V) 9. Similarly the faithful who are unable to observe the Eucha,. risti¢ fast, not because of illness but because of some other grave in-convenience," are allowed to take something in the form of drink, with the exception of alcoholic beverages. But they must keep the fast for one hour prior to the reception of Holy Communion. 10. ,The causes of grave inconvenience, as it is here understood. are three in number, and they may not be extended. a) Fatiguing wbrk undertaken before~ going to Holy ,com-munion. Such is the labor performed by workers employed in suc-cessiv. e shifts, day and night, in. factories, transport and- maritime services, or other public utilitieS; likewise b~ those who, in .virt~ue of their .position or out of charity, pass the hight'awake (for example, hospital personnel, policemen on night duty, and the like). The same.is: true of pregnant women and mothers of families who must spend a long t.ime in household tasks befo~.e, they can go to church :etc. : b) The lateness of the hour at whicb:"Holtj Communior~ ceived. Many of the faithful cannot have Mass until late in the day, because no priest is able to visit them earlier. Many children,find it excessively burdensome, before .sett.ing out for school,'to go to church, receive Communion, and then to return home again for breakfast; etc. c)" A. long distance to travel on the way" to chu.rch. As was explaiped above (n. 4), a distance of at least a~ mile and a quarter or INSTRUCTION OF H~)LY OFFICE Reuieua for Religious so, to be covered on foot, is tb be regarded as a long journey in this connection. The distance would have to be proportion.ately longer if conveyances of various kinds were us~ed, and allowance has to be made for difficulties of travel or the condition of the person .who makes the trip. 11, The reasons of grave inconvenience that may be alleged must be'carefully evaluated by a confessor either in sacramental cofifession or outside of confession; and without his approval the faithful may not receive Holy Communion while not fasting. The confessor, however, may give this approval once and t:or all so that it holds good as long as the same cause of grave inconvenience exists. Concerning evening Masses (Constitution. n. VI) By authorization of the Constitution, local Ordinaries (cf. canon 198) enjoy the power of permitting the celebration of evening Mass in their own territory, if circumstances indicate its necessity, not-withstanding'the prescription of canon 821, § 1. The common good sometimes requires the celebration of the Holy Sacrifice in the after-noon: for example, for those in certain industries who work in shifts even on Sundays and holydays: for those classes of workers Who must be at their jobs on the mornings of Sundays and holy-days. such as those who are employed at ports of entry;' likewise for people who have come in great numbers from distant places to cele-brate some event of a religious or social character; etc. 12. Such Mhsses. however, are not to be celebrated before four o'clock in the afternoon, and are limited exclusively to the following specified days: a) Sundays and 'holydays of obligation which are now in force, according t,o the norm of canon 1247, § 1 : b) Holydays of obligation that have been suppressed, as listed in the Index published by the Sacred Congregation of the Council, December 28, 1919 (cf. A./l.$,, Vol. XII [1920], pp. 42- 43): ) First Fridays of the month: d) Other days that are ~elebrated with solemn functions and are attended by the. people in great numbers: e) In addition to the days mentioned above, one other day during the w.eek0 if the good of particular classes of persons requires it. 100 Ma~h. 1953 THE EUCHARISTIC FAST 13. Priests "who celebrate Mass in the evening, and likewise the faithful who receive Holy Communion at such a M~ass. may, during a meal which is permitted up to three hours before the beginning of Mass or Communion, drink al~c;holic beverages that ate customary at table ifor instance, wine, beer. and the like), but they must observe becoming moderation, and haid liquors are entirely ruled out. How-, ever, with regard to the liquids whi(h they are allowed to take before or after such a meal up to one, hour before Mass or Communion, alcoholic beverages of any kind whatever are excluded. 14. Priests may not offe? the Holy S,acrifice in the morning and afternoon of the same day, unless they have e~xpress permission, to celebrate Mass twice or three times, according to the norm of canon 806. The faithful, similarly, may not receive Holy Communion in the morning and afternoon of the same day, in conformity with the prescription of canon 857. 15. The faithful, even though they/are not included in the number of those for whose benefit evening Mass has been instituted, are. free to receive Holy Communion during such a Mass or directl~ before or immediately after it (cf. canon 846, § 1). If they do so, they must observe the noims prescribed a~ove, relative to the Eucha-ristic fast, 16. In places that are not subject to the general law [ius com-mune] but are governed by the-special law for the missions [ius.mis-sionum], Ordinaries may authorize evening Mass on all days of the week, under the same conditions. Cautions regarding the execution of these norms 17. Ordinaries are to exercise great care that all abuse and irrev-erence toward the Most Blessed S~icrament are completely avoided. 18. They must also see to it that the riew legislation is uniform-ly observed by all their subjedts, and must notify them that all fac-ulties and dispensations, whether territorial or personal, heretofore granted by the Holy See, are abrogated. 19. The interpretation of the Constitution and of the present Instruction must adhere faithfully to the text, and must not in any way extend the faculties that are already so generous. With regard to customs that may be at oddswith the new legislation, the abroga-ting clause is'to be borne in mind: "Anything to the contrary not-withstanding, even what may seem td be worthy of special men-tion." 101 BOOK NOTICES Review ~or ReligioUs 20. Ordinaries and priests who are to avail themselves of the faculties granted by the Holy ,See should zealously exhort the faith-ful to assist at the Sacrifice of the Mass and ~recei~ve Holy Commun-ion frequently. " By initiating appropriate measures and especially by their preaching, they should promote that spiritual good for the sake of which the Sovereign Pontiff, Plus XII, has been pleased to issue t.he Constitution. In approving this Instruction, the iHoly,Father has ordered that it should be promulgated by publication in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis along with the Apostolic Constitution Christus Dominus. From the,Palace of the Holy Offic.e, danuary 6, 1953'. ~ JOSt~PH CARDINAL PIZZARDO, Secretaql A. OTTAVIANI Assessor. [EDITORS' NOTE: The foregoing translations "*'ere made by Father "Cyril Vollert. S.J. professor of sacramental theology at St. Mary's College, St. Marys, Kansas. The - translations wer~ prepared 'from the texts as published in L'Osservatore Romano, January I 1, 1953, and were carefully checked with the official texts published in ,Acta Aoostolicae Sedis, 45 (Jan. 16. 1953), 15-24. 47-51. For our purposes a somewhat free translation, rendering the sense of the documents as accurately as pos-sible, seemed preferable to a strictly literal translation.] ¯ BOOK NOTICES Those who want a life of Our Lord that is scholarly, without the more distracting trappings of scholarship, and very readable, will find what they desire in the popular edition of Giuseppe Ricciotti's LIFE OF CHRIST. By means of careful editing the former large edi-tion has been reduced to a little more than half its size. The popular edition has a 70-page critical introductibn and a :good index. A very good book.f0r either spilitual reading or meditation, i(Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1952. Pp. xiii + 40.2. $3.50.) Every Sister will smile, laugh, and cry as she catches some glimpse, s of herself in EVERYNUN, a, novel and. play by Daniel A. Lord, S.3. Written originally for th~ One Hundredth Anniversary of the-Sisters of St. 3oseph xn Canada, the play is ideal for a similar celebrfftion, for Vocation Week Programs, and for private reading. Many passages seem to glow like grace itself. This "morality play" is a tribute and a consolation to Sisters, and should open the vistas of the religious life to Sisters-to-be as well as to others who have to live outsid~ convent walls] No royalty is charged for the productions of 102' March. 195'3 BOOK NOTI.CES Eoer~mun. If admission is charged by those producing theplay, Father Lord asks a gift ~f ten per cent of the return for his work for the Knights and Handmaids of the Blessed Sacrament. (St. Louis, Missouri: KHBS, 3115 S. Grand Blvd., 1952. Pp. 162. $3.00.) ST. VINCENT DE PAUL, by Mgr. Jean Calvet (translated by Lancelot C. Sheppard), is a l-volume, well-documented biography, as fascinating as good historical fiction. The many aspects of the saint's life--his interior life, his apostolate of charity, his power of organization, his spiritual direction of nobility and especially of his companion saint. Louise de Marillac, and so forth all blend into the picture of an unt~orgettable character. One flaw in the book is ISerbaps a too-evident nationalism on the part of. the biographer. _Bibliography and index are both useful. (New York: David McKay Company, 1952. Pp. 302. $5.00.) RETURN TO THE FOUNTAINHEAD contains the addresses given at the Tercente,nary Celebration of the Sisters, of St. Joseph, Le Puy, France. in July, 1950. by His Eminence, Cardinal Gerlier, and .other French Churchmen. The book is edited and translated into the- American idiom by the Sisters of St. Joseph at Fontbonne College, St. Louis, Missouri. All Sisters of St. Joseph (others, too) will . draw inspiration and strength for today from this return to and consideration of the evidently blessed origins of their congregation. The address, "The Spirit of the Congregation," is particularly de-serving of prayerful attention. (St. Louis 5, Mo.: SistErs of St. Jo-seph of Car, ondelet, Wydown and Big Bend Blvd., 1952. Pp. xi, + 143. $3.00.) Great things might be expected from the girl who was late for school because she had stopped to pick up broken pieces of glass to protect the' feet of the children of the poor from the young lady who preferred the care of blin~t children to the attractive social life her position guaranteed. WHOM LOVE IMPELS, by Katherine Bur-ton, tells her story in another excellent biography., the life of Pauline yon Mallinckrodt, the foundress of the Congregation of Charity. While her brother Hermann .yon Mallinckrodt helped lead 'the growing Center Party t+ ultimate victory over Bismarck in the Reich-stag, Mother Pauline guided a still-growing crusade of charity that began in Paderborn, Germany, in 1849 and now motivates over "2,000 religigus laboring in schools, orphanages, and hospitals in Eu-rope~ throughout the United Sthtes, and in South America. (New York: Kenedy 24 Sons, 1952. Pp. x + 234. $3.00.) ¯ 103 Search t:he Script:ures Henry Willmering, S.J. | N THE ENCYCLICAL Diuino Agtante' Spiritu. published Sep- | .tembet 30, 1943. Pope plus XII remarked "that the condition of biblical studies and their subsidiary Sciences has greatly changed .within the last fifty years." and "after enumerating the various helps which are at the disposal of modern exegetes the Holy Father con-tinues: "All these advantages which, not without a special design of Divine Providence. our age has acquired, are, as it were, an invitation and inducement to interpreters of the Sacred Literature to make dili-gent use of this light, so abundantly given, to penetrate more deeply explain more clearly and expound more lucidly the Divine Oracles." This invitation of His Holiness was promptly accepted by the m~mbers of the British Catholic Biblical Association. After appoint-ing an editorial committee, they drew upa plan to produ.ce a one-volume commentaryI on the whble Bible. In addition to a thorough exposition of the text of all the books of the Old and New Testa-ments, it would include a complete manual of biblical introduction Their ambitious plan has been successfully realized, and the firm of Thomas Nelson and Sons, Edinburgh, has produced their labors in a quarto volume of 1312 pages, double column to a page. clearly printed on excellent paper, and,strongIy bound in buckram. The price is eighty-four shillings (about twelve dollars). The volume includes a condensed, yet adequate and up-to-date commentary on the forty-five books of the Old, and" the twenty-seven bqoks of the New Testament. There' are introductory articles for every book, and also on groups of literature, namely, on the Pentateuch, the historical books, the poetical and Wisdom literature, the prophetical literature, and the Epistles of the New Testament. The place of the Bible in the Church, the formhtion and history, of the canon, the languages, texts and versions, the geography of the'Holy ~.Land,.the history of Israel, chronology of Old and New Testaments, archaeology and the Bible, and many other informative and fascinating articles enable the IA CATHOLIC COMMENTARY ON HOLY 'SCRIPTU'RE." Editorial Committee: Dom Bernard Orchard, Rev. Edmund Sutcliffe, S.J., Rev. Reginald'Fuller, Dora Ralph Russell. Thomas Neldon ~ Sons. Pp. 1312. 4 guineas. The reviewer, Father Willmering, a p~cofessor of Scripture at St. Mary's College. St. Marys. Kansas. has written the commentary on the Catholic Epistles for this volume. 104 March, 1953 SEARCH THE SCRIPTURES reader to obtain a solid background for the proper understanding ot the sacred text. In all there are seventy-two commentaries andthirty-eight separate articles. The commentary is designed to be read with the Douay version of the Bible, which is the version still in widest circulation among Catholics yet every commentator had before him the original text of the book he interpreted, and he faithfully noted any important vari-htion of the English v~rsion from the original. Throughout the book ¯ each paragraph is distinctly marked in the margin for .purpose of reference, and very many paragra~phs have appropriate headings indi-cating their contents. The commentaries on individual books are a positive expos, ition of Catholic interpretation, not directly apolo-getic, but so worded as to provide answers to current unorthodox views. The explanation meets the needs of all who desire to have in limited compass a clear exposition of the sacred text. which is schol-arly, accurate, and thoroughly ~Catholic. Frequently we desired to have at hand a ready answer book to the many perplexing questions which ,the Old Testament poses. Let us take a few examples from Genesis. The opening chapters of this book narrate the story of creation and the origin of the human race. The world was formed by Divine Omnipotence on six successive days. Darkness yielded to light, the firmament unfolded, the waters under it assembled in one place, and dry land appeared. Then God placed the sun, moon, and stars in the firmament, filled the waters with fishes and the air withbirds; gave the land as the habitat for beasts and reptiles, and finally, created man in His own image and made him ruler of the visible world. How must we understand this unscientific account of the development of the earth and its inhabi-tants? What is the meaning of the six days of creation? Recent discoveries have found human bones .and artifacts in sl~rata that .greatly antedate the four thousand years B.C. which was formerly assigned as the age of the human race. To what extent, therefore, are the early narratives of Genesis historical? For what purpose did the sacred writer introduce them? What are we to think of the great ages of the patriarchs? What part of the earth was covered by the flood? We used to look for the answer to these questions~ in the Catholic Enc~Iclopedia or the Catholic's Ready Answer Book: yet these books of reference are nearly a half century old, and exegetical opinion has passed through radical changes since that time. The new Commentary offers satisfactory solutions to these and several hun- 105 HENRY WILLMERING dred other difficulties that have often puzzled us in the past. As the preface ~tates: "it' is a critical survey of modern biblical knowledge-from the standpoint of all those, Catholic and non;Catholic alike, who accept the full doctrine of biblical inspiration" (p. vii). At the end of the volume is a topical index, which lists nearly ten thou'- sand titles and refers directly to the paragraph in which the answer to our difficulties is given. ' But the Commentary,, is not primarily a "question settler." St. Paul reminds .Timothy: "All Scripture, inspired of God, is profitable to teach, to reprove, to correct, to instruct in .justice: that the man of God may be. perfect,, furnished to every good work" (2 Tim, 3: 16f.). Hence, "in the commentaries on individual books a special endeavour is made to give adequate treatment to the doc-trinal and spiritual con.tent." ~pecial articles, which emphasize the spiritual nature of the Bible and are therefore of particular interest to religious, are the following: :'The Place of the Bible in the Church," by W. Leonard and' Dom B. Orchard, which stresses the Church's love for the Bible, and what she has done to preseive and propagate it;' "The Interpretation of Holy Scripture," by, R. C. Fuller, an ac-count full of valuable information: "Our Lady in the Scriptures, by E. C. Messenger, explaining the prophecies relative to the Mother of God, and her tJrerogatives; "The meaning of the Old Testament," by E. F. Sutcliffe, S.J., what it meant for the. israelites, and what is its meaning and value today; "The Religion of Israel," by the same author; "The Person and Teaching of Christ," by Dom Aelred Gra-ham; "Christianity in Apostolic Times," a long and interesting article by M. Bevenot, S.J. and Dom Ralph Russell; and finally "The Life of St. Paul," by D. J. O'Herlighy. Besides the articles mentioned above, there are thirty others, all-well written and abounding with valuable and interesting information. Anyone who digests all these wil