Suchergebnisse

Should the Persian Gulf war of 1990-1991 be characterized as an "international enforcement action" of the United Nations Security Council or as a campaign of collective self-defense approved, encouraged, and blessed by the Security Council?This is not simply a nice and rather metaphysical legal issue, but an extremely practical one. The question it presents is whether the control and direction of hostilities in the gulf, their termination, and the substance of the settlement they produce were handled by the Council as the Korean War was handled, that is, as a campaign of collective self-defense, or as the United Nations' first "international enforcement action." According to some international lawyers, characterizing the gulf war as a Security Council "enforcement action" under the untried procedures of Articles 42-50 of the Charter would in effect eviscerate Article 51, make the exercise of each state's "inherent" right of self-defense subject to the permission of the Security Council, threaten the veto power of the permanent members of the Security Council, and thus lead to extremely grave and perhaps insoluble political difficulty. It could even destroy the United Nations.

The purpose of this paper is to present various forms of presence of the Coptic language in the Ethiopian writing until the 19th Century. In this period we witness the birth, flourishing and decay of a Christian ecclesiastical culture with Classical Ethiopic (Ge'ez) as its literary language within a well-defined political entity of the Ethiopian Empire. The middle of the 19th Century saw a significant break with the tradition and radical shift towards modernity in many spheres of life. The presence of the Coptic language in Ethiopia is an outcome of the long-standing relations between Ethiopia and Egypt or strictly speaking between their respective national churches. There is a large literature devoted to these relations, they will be therefore treated only briefly. The article will deal with such phenomena as: Coptic loanwords in Ge'ez, documents written in Coptic within the context of Ethiopian church administration, the treatment of Coptic names in translated literary texts. It will certainly not be exhaustive but rather will put together information scattered throughout various publications, not necessarily accessible to the audience interested in Coptology.

History of Croat and Serb nationalism; ethnic, religious, political, and territorial aspects, including Bosnia-Herzegovina; since the 19th century. Position of both groups within the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires and the first (1918-41) and second (1946-91) Yugoslav states.

Translations of two articles in the Croatian-language periodical Nasa stvarnost, vol. XV, no. 3, March 1961. ; Present constitutional problem in Yugoslavia, by Jovan Djorjevic.--Method of modern political economy, by Zivojin Rakocevic. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The multi-ethnic composition of contemporary Yugoslavia grows out of the diverse and complex history of this South Slavic region. Attempting to avoid the interwar Royalist government's policies which exacerbated ethnic differences, the post-World War II socialist leaders established a genuine federation which provided consider able autonomy to the ethnic groups inhabiting the different republics and provinces. Although initially supporting a movement toward "Yugoslavism" and the dissolution of ethnic, religious, and cultural differences, the Yugoslav leaders have more recently emphasized decentralization in political and economic affairs. The guiding principle is that a united community of Yugoslav peoples can best be ensured through governmental respect for ethnic diversity. The political structure, ethnic representation within the government, army, and League of Communists, and the policies of the federal government reflect this guiding principle.

Examines forced migration of population to Serbia as a result of ethnic conflict, primarily Serbs from Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia, since 1991.

Extant scholarship has until now relied on informal-theoretic, case study, and interpretative methods to assess patterns of norm development in cyberspace. Ideally, these accounts would be complemented with more systematic cross-national and longitudinal empirical evidence. To address this gap, this article introduces the International Cyber Expression Dataset. The dataset includes a corpus of more than 34,000 official expressions of view by states and their authorized representatives regarding the international politics of cyberspace. The article describes the sources of these data and demonstrates the dataset's usefulness, with an Online appendix containing an exploratory analysis of norm convergence. Future research can leverage the dataset to empirically test questions of theory and policy. For example, the dataset can be used to study how foundational theories of norm diffusion apply to cyberspace. It can also be paired with existing cyber conflict datasets to study the conditions under which state practice influences cyber discourse, and vice versa.

This article provides an overview of some of the most prevalent topics in post-Yugoslav memory politics as well as on some of the scholars working on these issues, focusing on the commemorative practices of the Second World War and the wars of the 1990s. Thirty years after the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's disintegration, the discourse of post-war memory politics continues to dominate nearly all of the successor states, even though two of them have seemingly left the past behind to join the European Union. While the wars of the 1990s created an entirely new memoryscape in the region, they also radically transformed the way in which each country commemorated the Second World War. Although the article examines in-depth the collective remembrance of sites of memory, such as Jasenovac, Bleiburg, and Knin, trends across the broader region are also addressed. The work of young scholars, as well as experienced researchers, who have introduced innovative approaches in memory studies in the former Yugoslavia, is highlighted to show how new studies focus on the cultural reproduction of dominant narratives in addition to top-down political discourse.

Introduction. Popular Soundscapes of Yugoslavia / Danijela Š. Beard with Ljerka V. Rasmussen -- ZABAVNA-POP. Networking Zabavna Music : Singers, Festivals and Estrada / Jelena Arnautović ; "Melodies from the Adriatic:" Mediterranean Influence in Zabavna Music Festivals of the 1950s and 1960s / Anita Buhin ; The Sarajevo Pop-Rock Scene : Music from the Yugoslav Crossroads / Vesna Andree Zaimović ; Yugoslav Film and Popular Culture : Arsen Dedić's Songs in Films / Irena Paulus -- ROCK, PUNK, NEW WAVE. Belgrade Rock Experience : From Sixties Innocence to Eighties Relevance / Aleksandar Žikić ; Jugoton : From State Recording Giant to Alternative Producer of Yugoslav New Wave / Branko Kostelnik ; "Absolutely Yours :" Yugoslav Disco under Late Socialism / Marko Zubak ; The Aesthetics of Music Videos in Yugoslav Rock Music : Josipa Lisac, EKV, Rambo Amadeus / Ivana Medić ; Bijelo Dugme : The Politics of Remembrance within the Post-Yugoslav Popular Music Scene / Ana Petrov -- NARODNA (FOLK) AND NEOFOLK MUSIC. Starogradska Muzika : An Ethnography of Musical Nostalgia / Marija Dumnić Vilotijević ; "My Juga, My Dearest Flower :" The Yugoslav Legacy of Newly Composed Folk Music Revisited / Iva Nenić ; Music in Macedonia : Yugoslavia's Balkan Heartland / Velika Stojkova Serafimovska / Fantasy, Female Sexuality and Yugoslavism in the Music of Lepa Brena / Zlatan Delić -- THE POLITICS OF POPULAR MUSIC UNDER SOCIALISM. Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest / Dean Vuletic ; "Rocking the Party Line :" The Yugoslav Festival of Patriotic and Revolutionary Song and the Polemics of 1970s "Soc-Pop" / Danijela Š. Beard ; "Comrades, We Don't Believe You!" Or, Do We Just Want to Dance With You? : The Slovenian Punk Subculture in Socialist Yugoslavia / Gregor Tomc ; Music Labor, Class and Socialist Entrepreneurship : Yugoslav Self-Management Revisited / Ana Hofman ; Music for the "Youth Day Central Ceremony" after Tito: De-ritualization and Other Indices of Yugoslav Decline / Naila Ceribašić and Jelka Vukobratović -- CODA. Yugoslav Popular Music and Global Histories of the Cold War / Catherine Baker -- AFTERWORD. "What Would You Give to be in my Place? :" A Conversation with Goran Bregović / Vesna Andree Zaimović, Ljerka V. Rasmussen and Danijela Š. Beard.