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In this study, I aim to find the impact of social values and demographic characteristics on attitudes toward immigrants in Turkey. For the empirical analysis, wave 7 data from the World Values Survey (WVS) is used. Individual-level data from 2018 shows that religion and nationalism play a key role in increasing negative attitudes toward immigrants. As individuals' social class improves, their anti-immigrant sentiments tend to decrease. However, when there is concern about potential competition for scarce jobs in the labor market, social class jumps result in discrimination against immigrants. The logit regression coefficients for political opinion, education, age and marital status do not show robust results in different models using different measures of negative attitudes. Thus, demographic characteristics do not systematically influence opinions toward immigration in Turkey. Rather, values and socioeconomic position in society have an impact on opinions toward immigrants.

Analyses British pressure to partition and ultimately destroy the Ottoman Empire. The British described themselves as "the oldest friend" of the Ottomans - but this was never true. At times it was valuable to Britain to support the Ottoman Empire against Russian encroachment, however by the end of the 19th century successive British Governments had begun to sponsor the dismemberment of the Empire. British public opinion and political pressure groups portrayed the Ottomans in universally defamatory terms, affecting the diplomatic actions of politicians. Politicians themselves harbored deep prejudices against the Turks and Islam. The result, through numerous incidents, was British pressure to dismember the Ottoman Empire. Treaty provisions guaranteeing Ottoman territorial integrity were ignored. Christian countries and Christian minorities were supported, even when Muslims in those countries were being killed and forced from their lands. British leaders even refused to publish consular reports that described the oppression of Muslims which would have given the lie to press reports of evil Turks. Drawing upon decades of archival research, Justin McCarthy shows how the British were anything but friends to the Ottomans.

Examines 'New Turkey' through the life of its domineering leaderDocuments the formation and development of Erdoğan's political life and character Closely examines Turkey's authoritarian turn and Islamisation of the state by focusing on the role of Erdoğan, his ideology and the clash with the Gülen movementAnalyses Erdoğan's evolving personality and positions over time, from his depictions as a manipulative political strategist through to his representation as Köroğlu (Turkish Robin Hood)Looks ahead to what Erdoğan's legacy will be and what the future holds for TurkeyPresident Erdoğan's resilience as Turkey's leader makes for an extraordinary political study of longevity, charisma and strategic decision-making. Uncovering the person behind the persona, M. Hakan Yavuz draws on 250 first-hand interviews to untangle the web of literary, religious and biographical influences that shaped Erdogan's personality, ideology and world view. In understanding the inner life, continuous self-reinvention and professional struggles of Erdoğan, Yavuz is able to provide an invaluable insight into the complex record of policies – in both domestic and international arenas – that have marked his governing tenure. With chapters covering the Gezi park protests, the clash between the AKP and Gülen movement, the Kurdish question and the country's projected image as a major international power, Yavuz explores how and why Erdoğan has reconstituted a 'New Turkey' – a hybrid political entity, neither East nor West, democratic nor dictatorial, Islamic nor secular

During Hellenistic times, when the Pergamenian kingdom was prospering, Pergamum was operating an important harbour, used by merchants and military at the city of Elaia. This paper focuses on the development, utilisation and decay of the closed harbour of Elaia, which is discussed in the context of the landscape evolution of the environs of the ancient settlement. Based on geoarchaeological, archaeological and literary evidence, the construction of two harbour moles in order to provide shelter against wave action and enemies can be attributed to the early Hellenistic period. Geoelectric measurements revealed the construction profile of the moles. Coring evidence indicated that together with mole construction, a greater area of the formerly shallow marine and sublittoral terrain was consolidated, most probably to create space for harbour installations. The closed harbour basin was used intensely during Hellenistic and Roman times. Later, continued siltation hindered further usage. In combination with the decline of the city of Elaia in Late Antiquity, this was the reason why the harbour was abandoned. Scenarios for the time of the maximum transgression of the sea around 2500 BC, the early Hellenistic times around 300 BC, and Late Antiquity AD 500, are presented. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de Uluslararası İlişkiler alanında mevcut lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora programlarının müfredatlarında diğer derslere oranla daha sıklıkla yer verilen ders ve ders grupları olup olmadığını belirlemeyi ve lisans ile lisansüstü düzeyde bu alandaki temel benzerlik ve farklılıkları karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle açıklamayı amaç edinmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, ilgili Uluslararası İlişkiler programlarının müfredatlarında yer alan derslerin içeriklerinin ayrıntısına girmeden, sadece ders başlıklarının ve statülerinin (zorunlu veya seçmeli ders olma durumu) baz alındığı bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel bulgusu, Uluslararası İlişkiler alanında lisans ve lisansüstü programlarda yer verilen bazı temel ders grupları bulunmakta olduğu ve bu derslerle ilgili olarak, gerek lisans gerekse lisansüstü ders programlarında, lisans düzeyinde daha belirgin bir şekilde gözlemlenen bir standardizasyonun mevcut olduğudur. Uluslararası İlişkiler bölümlerinde müfredatların standardizasyondan kısmen saptığı derslerin ise alan/ bölge ve ikinci yabancı dil derslerinin olduğu saptanmıştır. ; The main aim of this study has been to specify the courses and the course groups most frequently off ered at undergraduate and graduate levels in International Relations programs in Turkey, and explain main similarities and diff erences in the relevant curricula with a comparative perspective. in this context, the research has been conducted with a focus on the titles and status (i.e. compulsory or elective) of the courses without analyzing their content. the primary fi nding of the study is that there are some major course groups prevalent in most undergraduate and graduate programs in International Relations and there is, also, a standardization in the related curricula especially at the undergraduate level. the only signifi cant exception to this wide standardization in the curricula across several departments is on the courses on area studies or second foreign language.

The applications of family planning have been continued in Turkey though they have been changed according to time. However, their effect led to a spatial heterogeneity. In this work, levels of fertility rates depending on results of last two censuses of population in 915 districts were taken basis. Gini inequality measurement and gini correlation were preferred as method for 1990 and 2000 years. Obtained results showed that gini inequality nearing to 0 in rural regions where fertility rate is high supports homogeneous structure. In these regions, there is time stability in spatial distribution of fertility rate in opposition to the places where urban settlement is weighted. This circumstance supports that one-type application methods correctly selected in rural places can be sufficient for achievement of family planning works. On the other hand, it also supports that there is a need to develop special methods for every sub-regions in urban areas. Both internal and external geographic population movement limits the achievement of family planning applications in the regions where urban settlement is dense. ; Zamana göre değişmekle birlikte Türkiye' de aile planlaması uygulamaları sürdürülmektedir. Ancak aile planlaması programlarının etkisi mekânsal bazda farklılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada son iki nüfus sayımı sonuçlarına dayanan 915 yerleşim yerindeki doğurganlık oranı düzeyleri esas alınmıştır. Yöntem olarak 1990 ve 2000 yılları için gini eşitsizlik ölçüsü ve gini korelasyonu tercih edilmiştir. Yapılan uygulama sonucunda gini katsayılarının sıfıra yakın düzeyde gerçekleştiği, kırsal yerleşimin yoğun olduğu bölgelerde doğurganlık oranlarının mekânsal dağılımında yüksek düzeyde homojenliğin mevcut olduğu sonucuyla karşılaşılmıştır. Bu bölgelerde doğurganlık oranının mekansal dağılımındaki zamansal değişimin de kentsel bölgelerin aksine son derece stabil olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, kırsal yerleşimin yoğun olduğu bölgelerde aile planlaması çalışmalarında doğru seçilecek standart bir yöntemin başarılı olacağını desteklemektedir. Diğer taraftan kentsel yerleşimin yoğunluk taşıdığı bölgelerde her alt bölge için farklı uygulama yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi gerektiği sonucuyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Çünkü hem içsel kaynaklı hem de dışsal kaynaklı "göç" nüfus hareketlerinin varlığı, aile planlaması uygulamalarının başarısını bu bölgelerde sınırlamaktadır.

In Part I, which was published in the previous issue of The Strategist, how Turkey's membership in the NATO has created major obstructions in its fight against terrorism since the late 1970s was discussed by and large. Now, in Part II, how Turkish governments have found their own solutions, in one way or another, without tangible support coming from their allies will be the discussed in detail. ?