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Village Sidetapa is the Village of Bali Aga in order to level of political participation which is always high when the activities of the election. The research to see high participation factors of villagers Sidetapa in legislative elections year 2014. As a frame research, a theory that used in this research is a theory political participation. Methods used in this study is descriptive qualitative. These findings this research is: First, the mobilization the through Buldog by the potential legislative. Second, there are relation actor political and Buldog, and Third is the punishment or rewards. Based on the findings, the conclusion of political mobilization, the relation and the punishment or reward affecting community choices in the election influence on the winning the legislature and high political participation of villagers Sidetapa community. Keywords: Political Participation, Mobilization of Political, The Local Powerfull, and Sidetapa village.

Il presente scritto riproduce l'intervento reso nell'ambito del convegno "La cultura della sicurezza fra organizzazione e formazione". L'autore, partendo dalla disamina della ratio che ha indotto il legislatore ad estendere gli obblighi di sicurezza ai soggetti esterni all'azienda, esamina la ripartizione di responsabilità tra questi ed il datore di lavoro e si concentra infine sull'applicabilità nei loro confronti delle disposizioni di cui al d.lgs. n. 231/2001. The present work reproduces the address during the conference "The culture of work health and safety between organization and training". The author, starting from the analysis of the reason which induced the legislature to extend the security obligations to persons outside the company, examines the allocation of responsibilities between these and the employer and finally focuses on the applicability to them of the provisions of d.lgs. n. 231/2001.

Plant-based psychedelics, such as psilocybin, have an ancient history of medicinal use. After the first English language report on LSD in 1950, psychedelics enjoyed a short-lived relationship with psychology and psychiatry. Used most notably as aids to psychotherapy for the treatment of mood disorders and alcohol dependence, drugs such as LSD showed initial therapeutic promise before prohibitive legislature in the mid-1960s effectively ended all major psychedelic research programs. Since the early 1990s, there has been a steady revival of human psychedelic research: last year saw reports on the first modern brain imaging study with LSD and three separate clinical trials of psilocybin for depressive symptoms. In this circumspective piece, RLC-H and GMG share their opinions on the promises and pitfalls of renewed psychedelic research, with a focus on the development of psilocybin as a treatment for depression.

A public long-term care financing program was introduced during the 2016 Legislative Session in Hawaii. The proposed program was based on the recommendations of a Long-term Care Commission study and an actuarial study funded by the State Legislature. While Hawaii was the first state in the U.S. to introduce a public long-term care financing bill, it was Hawaii's second attempt to pass a similar bill since 2002. This paper will present public discourse analysis using testimonies submitted during the 2016 session, compared to those submitted 14 years ago. We will also examine a community awareness campaign that aims to increase knowledge of options for long-term care among the public. We will present the media message as well as describe community forums which have taken place and the impact of these efforts in shaping public's opinion on the proposed public long-term care financing program.

In this article, we contend that the current gender and conflict literature ignores the context of military decisions and thus underestimates the support of women for certain types of military interventions. We argue that the issues related to humanitarian crises are likely to provoke support from women. Consequently, as more women enter elected positions in state legislatures, the more likely a state will become involved in a humanitarian military intervention. To test our argument, we compile a data set of humanitarian military interventions and women legislators from 1946 to 2003. A series of estimation approaches and robustness tests support our assertion that more women legislators impact the likelihood that a state will become involved in a humanitarian military intervention. Our research has specific implications on the role of gender in conflict processes and more general implications on the connection between domestic political processes and foreign policy decision making.

The role of national parliaments in EU decision-making has generally been considered marginal since national parliaments participate indirectly through national executives. The Lisbon Treaty, however, triggered important developments in this regard. Direct involvement of national parliaments through the Early Warning System and Political Dialogue has prompted internal reforms. This article argues that, because of the new procedures provided for by the Lisbon Treaty and the direct relationship between the Commission and national parliaments, certain legislatures such as the French and Italian have become stronger in their involvement in EU affairs. However, seven years of practice post-Lisbon show that the innovations brought about by the new Treaty have fallen short of fully satisfying national parliaments' thirst for active engagement. We also observe that changes at the national level have only been implemented progressively and have not yet been exploited to their full potential.

Anfang Juni 2017 haben der Deutsche Bundestag und der Bundesrat das Gesetz zur Neuregelung des bundesstaatlichen Finanzausgleichssystems beschlossen. Mit diesem Gesetz haben die Bundesländer wichtige Bestandteile ihrer föderalen Selbstbestimmung aufgegeben und den solidarischen Finanzausgleich aufgekündigt. Darüber hinaus weist das Gesetz erhebliche handwerkliche Mängel auf – insbesondere bezogen auf die Verfassungskonformität. ; The federal legislature has adopted a new system of intergovernmental fiscal relations from 2020 onwards which will change the federal structure of Germany considerably. In particular, the abolition of the horizontal equalisation among the Länder (Länderfinanzausgleich) and its replacement by an equalisation of fiscal power (Finanzkraftausgleich) within the distribution of the revenues of sales taxes changes the underlying structure of the German federal state fundamentally. The new legislation indicates this shift of the federal balance: the federation will take over the construction of motorways completely. Federal authorities also gain new powers in controlling the use of federal funds by the Länder. Instead of a balance of the federation and the Länder we will get a dominance of the federation.

Plant-based psychedelics such as psilocybin have an ancient history of medicinal use. After the first English-language report on LSD in 1950, psychedelics enjoyed a short-lived relationship with psychology and psychiatry. Used most notably as aides to psychotherapy for the treatment of mood disorders and alcohol dependence, drugs such as LSD showed initial therapeutic promise before prohibitive legislature in the mid-1960s effectively ended all major psychedelic research programmes. Since the early 1990s, there has been a steady revival of human psychedelic research: last year saw reports on the first modern brain imaging study with LSD and 3 separate clinical trials of psilocybin for depressive symptoms. In this Circumspective piece, Robin Carhart-Harris and Guy Goodwin share their opinions on the promises and pitfalls of renewed psychedelic research, with a focus on the development of psilocybin as a treatment for depression.

Gender equality is the most important thing to prevent discrimination in the community. One way to achieve gender equality is by providing access to women to influence political policy, such as participating in politics, becoming legislative candidates. The low percentage of women legislatures, especially in Aceh shows that women are still not actively participating in politics. The cause factor is low motivation. This study aims to see the motivation of legislative candidates in terms of sex. The result of the research shows that there is a difference of motivation between male and female legislative candidates. The motivation of male candidates is more dominated by need for power which is a need to influence and control others. In contrast to female legislative candidates who are more dominated by need for affiliation which is a need to develop and maintain interpersonal relationships with others.

There is hardly any field of the law that has more diversity on both sides of the Atlantic than privacy and data protection. Common opinion often reduces that diversity to a matter of "strong" protection in Europe versus "weak" protection in the United States of America. Discussions about Safe Harbor and Privacy Shield regulation reinforce this perception. This paper, however, argues that the privacy divide is hardly a matter of strong or weak protection, but has deeper roots in different approaches to constitutional rights. While Europe, following the lead of the German Federal Constitutional Court, conceptualizes legal precepts about privacy and data protection as principles with a broad protective scope that result in balancing procedures, the protection in the U.S. is rule based. This results in a more rigid system with stronger emphasis on the legislatures of the states rather than flexible adjudication by the courts.

In 2013, Wisconsin's legislature added a statewide voucher program to the existing voucher programs in Milwaukee and Racine. The state expanded the statewide program in 2015 and changed the funding mechanism of the program so that its cost was borne by local school districts. The program is already distributing tens of millions of dollars to pay private school tuition across the state, and, because of Wisconsin's school funding system, its fiscal impact is not evenly distributed across Wisconsin's public schools. This policy memo describes how the voucher program alters the relative share of public education spending borne by the state and by local districts, and estimates the differential fiscal impact of the program on Wisconsin school districts. As more states enact or expand their voucher programs, the case of Wisconsin illustrates how one-size-fits-all statewide programs have the potential to exacerbate funding disparities in the public system.

Until 2011, civil justice in both Switzerland and the European Union (EU) was decentralized. In 2011, after 150 years of debate, Switzerland finally took the step to unification by the entry into force of its first federal Zivilprozessordnung, whereas in the EU it is still debated if, how and to what extent civil procedure could be subject to harmonization. This article analyses the debate leading up to harmonization of civil procedure in Switzerland, comparing the arguments to those brought forward in the EU debate, and examines the legislative strategy employed by the Swiss legislature. It shows that the Swiss harmonization was brought about by practically oriented arguments, and that this pragmatism also characterized the legislative drafting process. It is argued that a similar development is conceivable within the EU, but that the price may be a general decrease in the level and quality of civil justice.

Party cohesion in legislatures is a topic of longstanding concern to political scientists because cohesion facilitates democratic representation. We examine the cohesion of transnational party groups in the European Parliament, which is part of the EU's bicameral system, and study the oftentimes competing pressures to which MEPs are subject from their EP party groups and national governments. Our explanation focuses on the conditions under which MEPs take policy positions that differ from those of their party groups. We propose that national governments lobby their national MEPs more intensely on issues of high national salience and on which they are in a weak bargaining position in the Council. The analyses offer a unique approach to the study of party cohesion that is based on the policy positions taken by each national delegation of MEPs in each of the three main party groups and national governments on specific controversial issues.

In 2011, twenty-one state legislatures held floor votes on one or more bills seeking to limit teachers' collective bargaining rights, tenure protections, or both. In eighteen states, these bills became law. Teachers' unions took varying approaches to fighting against these pieces of legislation, but only in a few states did they turn to the ballot box, despite widespread availability of electoral tactics. In this study, I use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to determine why most teachers' unions did not turn to the ballot. I find two causal "pathways": one in which political opportunity structures and union strength make legislative compromise possible, and another in which these conditions, along with the nature of the legislative threat, make success at the ballot seem unlikely. Social movement scholars must reexamine the role that threat plays in strategic choice processes, and prospect theory can help make sense of these choices.

AbstractWhile policy advocates can help bridge the divide between evidence and policy in decision making by focusing on ambiguity and uncertainty, policy makers must also play a role by promoting and preserving deliberative processes that value evidence as a core element in leveling raw constituent opinion, ultimately resulting in a better‐informed electorate. Building on existing research and analytic capability, state legislatures can increase the demand for and delivery of relevant information, giving the institution the capacity to keep abreast of research in critical public policy areas. By implementing data and time‐conscious evaluative frameworks that emphasize evidence‐based decision making and longitudinal cost–benefit analytics at critical policy‐making junctures, the institutional culture can become less unpredictable and the "rules of the game" can be more transparent. In 2015, Mississippi's legislative leaders created a system to review requests for new programs and funding using such an evidence screen.