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This paper considers how international migration of the head of household affects the allocation of resources toward boys relative to girls within households remaining in the home country. I address the endogeneity of migration with a differences-in-differences style regression model that compares those households in which migrants have already returned home with those in which migrants are still away. The evidence suggests that while the head of household is away a greater fraction of resources are spent on girls relative to boys, but upon his return, this pattern is reversed.

This paper examines interprovincial and cross-border migration incentives brought about by the Canadian and US tax systems for first-time university graduates in 2006. To illustrate the differences in the systems, effective tax rates (ETRs) on human capital are calculated. Results show that Canadian students face greater tax-side incentives to migrate after graduation, when compared to their US counterparts, and provincial tax structures can have a significant impact on interprovincial migration incentives. The results support policy initiatives aimed at reducing taxation of returns to education as a way of reducing brain drain.

This article examines the importance of political leadership in the modern conditions of widespread migration processes around the world. Particular attention is paid to the characteristic features of political leadership in the countries of the European Union. The above mentioned problem was rarely raised in the works of Russian and foreign researchers, and therefore it acquires special relevance and need for consideration. In addition, the importance of studying the role of political leadership in managing migration processes in the European Union is due to the fact that at present political leadership has largely remained beyond the vision of migration researchers. The paper describes in detail the existing concepts, reflecting the possibility of the impact of political leadership tools on the regulation of migration processes, and considers practical examples of the use of effective migration policy. At the same time, attention is also paid to local political leadership in some states of the European Union, which makes it possible to study the problem in more detail. As a result, possible ways of transforming the migration policy of the European Union countries on the part of political leaders are given, and practical measures and mechanisms for effective border management are considered.

Forced Migration in the Feminist Imagination explores how feminist acts of imaginative expression, community-building, scholarship, and activism create new possibilities for women experiencing forced migration in the twenty-first century. Drawing on literature, film, and art from a range of transnational contexts including Europe, the Middle East, Central America, Australia, and the Caribbean, this volume reveals the hitherto unrecognised networks of feminist alliance being formulated across borders, while reflecting carefully on the complex politics of cross-cultural feminist solidarity. The book presents a variety of cultural case-studies that each reveal a different context in which the transcultural feminist imagination can be seen to operate – from the 'maternal feminism' of literary journalism confronting the European 'refugee crisis' to Iran's female film directors building creative collaborations with displaced Afghan women; and from artists employing sonic creativities in order to listen to women in U.K. and Australian detention, to LGBTQ+ poets and video artists articulating new forms of queer feminist community against the backdrop of the hostile environment. This is an essential read for scholars in Women's and Gender Studies, Feminist and Postcolonial Literary and Cultural Studies, and Comparative Literary Studies, as well as for those operating in the fields of Gender and Development Studies and Forced Migration Studies.

Migration is an ever-increasing phenomenon that is unfailingly the topic of public discourse. Recently, empirical interest has expanded to include the study of attitudes towards immigration. However, the focus usually lies on the opinion of natives, that is, persons without a migration background. This is unfortunate, because in many countries the proportion of people with a migration background is quite high, and many of them hold the citizenship of the receiving country. I expect individuals with a migration background to have more favourable attitudes towards immigration than the general population because they can identify more strongly with other immigrants due to their own migration history. Furthermore, I expect this difference to decrease with each subsequent migrant generation, with earlier generations holding more positive attitudes than later generations. For the analyses, I pooled data from the 2008-2016 rounds of the American General Social Survey. The subsample used included 7,362 respondents, 2,811 of whom had a migration background. Moreover, the data set allowed the differentiation of three generations of migrants. The results support the theoretical expectations. Persons with a migration background had more favourable attitudes towards immigration compared to those without a migration background. However, a closer look revealed that this is the case only for first-generation immigrants. The attitudes of second- and third-generation immigrants differed from each other on the 5% level, but the attitudes of neither group differed from that of the general population when the migrants' regional origins were controlled for.

This chapter provides the historical context for the past half-century in Europe focusing specifically on the link between migration and economic development and inequality. The literature review suggests that there are several channels through which migration affects economic inequality between countries in one or the other direction. The net effects are an open empirical question and are likely to depend on the economic, demographic and institutional and policy contexts; sources, types and selectivity of migration, as well as responses of the receiving societies as well as migrants themselves. We undertake an empirical analysis and find that immigration has contributed to reducing inequality within the 25 EU countries over the 2003-2017 period. As the EU attracted relatively highly qualified immigrants throughout this period, our results are consistent with the ameliorating effect of skilled migration on within-country inequality, as predicted by theory. ; This chapter provides the historical context for the past half-century in Europe focusing specifically on the link between migration and economic development and inequality. The literature review suggests that there are several channels through which migration affects economic inequality between countries in one or the other direction. The net effects are an open empirical question and are likely to depend on the economic, demographic and institutional and policy contexts; sources, types and selectivity of migration, as well as responses of the receiving societies as well as migrants themselves. We undertake an empirical analysis and find that immigration has contributed to reducing inequality within the 25 EU countries over the 2003-2017 period. As the EU attracted relatively highly qualified immigrants throughout this period, our results are consistent with the ameliorating effect of skilled migration on within-country inequality, as predicted by theory.

This study reveals that anti-immigrant policies in Europe result from a process of securitization, and that, within this process, radical right parties have been formulating discourses and approaches through a construction process by using some common security themes. These security themes can be classified as national security, economic security, cultural security and internal security. The frequency with which radical right parties use these themes may vary according to the specific historical, social and cultural characteristics of a particular country.

Examined are two hypotheses regarding Turkish labor immigration in Germany: the first hypothesis suggests that it is economically advantageous for Germany to employ workers from Turkey & other foreign countries; the second assumes that labor emigration benefits Turkey. Results indicate the possibility of Germany's gross national product (GNP) increasing, but that the per capita GNP will not increase; nor will stabilization of wages & prices & full employment occur. Turkey's economic advantages resulting from labor emigration are predicted not to have a permanent effect on its economic development. D. Abrahams.

Migration is critical for policy agendas and government planning as it changes thedemographic composition of towns, cities and regions – this requires adjustments toservice and infrastructure provision. To develop suitable policy responses, reliable,comparable and timely information is required. Obvious sources of migration data arethe national census and household and labour surveys. Socio-economic data havenot dealt well with migration. A recent CSIR research project, Spatial and TemporalEvidence for Planning in South Africa1 (StepSA), explored the use of voter registrationinformation as an alternative source of migration data. Anonymised voter registrationdata were provided by the Independent Electoral Commission of South Africa forseveral consecutive elections covering a 12-year period. The data, once spatialised(and related to a single set of voting districts), could then be processed to extractmovement trends between different election periods. This article describes the processapplied and the initial analyses conducted.