Suchergebnisse

The Kazakhs are the largest minority group in Mongolia, a relatively homogenous country dominated by Khalkha Mongols. Since 1991, Mongolia has transitioned politically and economically and witnessed significant changes in internal and international migration flows. The large-scale movement of ethnic Kazakhs from western Mongolia to Kazakhstan represents one such emerging international flow. This migration is influenced by economic motivations, historical cultural ties to Kazakhstan, and immigration policies of both countries. This paper assesses the local and national circumstances that shape migration decision-making in western Mongolia during the transition years and highlights changes in the characteristics and directions of migration flows during this time. We identify three periods of migration with each period characterized by changing economies and national policies in Mongolia and Kazakhstan, as well as changes in communications technologies and extensiveness of social networks among prospective migrants. These periods illustrate how transnational migration flows evolve through time and are affected by national, local, and individual circumstances. ; National Science Foundation

Ecologo-geographical differentiation and dynamics of spring migration of water and semiaquatic birds of the Putorana Plateau are analyzed. Eight points were surveyed in the northern, southern, western and eastern parts of the region on the total area of 250 000 km², applying the method of route census. The water and semiaquatic avifauna of the Putorana Plateau during the spring migration period includes 68 species. The birds fly in north, east and west directions. They make stops at the river deltas that thaw out early. Bird population density at stops is from 15 to 227, on average (n = 8) 94 ind./1 km of coastline. The population of birds on lakes is always much smaller than on the adjacent river sections. The entire spring migration of water and semiaquatic birds on the Putorana Plateau takes place from May 19 to June 27 and lasts on average (n = 10) 23 days. The main passage runs from May 25 to June 17 and lasts on average (n = 8) 7 days. Spring migration is most intense in the west of the Putorana Plateau, where at least 20 000-30 000 individuals of water and semiaquatic birds fly through the surveyed points. There are 19 species among the dominants of water and semiaquatic habitats, including Eurasian Wigeon, Common Teal, Greytaild Tattler, Northern Pintail and Little Stint.

AbstractSkewed sex ratios have been found to increase crime and spread of diseases, as well as influence fertility decisions, gender roles, and economic development. I document the extent to which international and internal migration shape national and subnational sex ratios among young adults (SRYA). For this purpose, I analyze the data from the United Nations' Urban and Rural Population by Age and Sex and World Population Prospects, focusing on the cohort born between 1975 and 1985 in 200 countries. I find that, while 33 countries have significantly skewed country‐level sex ratios, as many as 107 of the 200 investigated countries have either rural or urban skewed SRYA in 2010. To identify the sources of sex ratio imbalances, I decompose country‐level sex ratios into three factors: sex ratio at birth, relative probability of survival, and sex‐selective migration. I show that without sex‐selective international migration, country‐level SRYA would be balanced in almost all countries of the world. In the third part of the study, I use Eurostat data for European subnational regions. I find a strong log‐linear relationship between sex ratios and population density, that is, relatively more women among young adults as population density increases. Moreover, I show that skewed SRYA can be mainly attributable to sex‐selective migration, rather than to imbalanced sex ratios at birth and differential mortality.

The world has seen a dramatic increase in immigration levels towards settler countries like the United States, Canada, and Australia. Such levels of immigration are likely to exacerbate the multicultural concerns of states and societies in the world. Migration multiculturalism is the focus of this paper. It looks at the way that migration impacts upon the cultural diversity of many communities today. Does migration multiculturalism pose a serious challenge to the development of society? Does migration multiculturalism represent a threat upon states to foster a singular and coherent national community? States have become the primary gatekeepers to determine who gets to enter and stay as well as be entitled to citizenship rights. Looking at the conditions of multiculturalism in Australia, Japan, and Malaysia, the paper argues that destination countries are grappling with the problematic of how their states will reconstitute their respective societies given the increasing influx of other Asians and non-Whites as well as the reality of their declining fertility rate and the need to transform their economies to maintain overall competitiveness in the global market.

Humane Migration offers a fresh look at the debate on international migration, particularly in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Arguing that migration should be considered a human right, not a criminal act, Christine Ho and James Loucky discuss why groups migrate, the obstacles that they face, and the benefits that they bring to their adopted communities.

The article is devoted to the impact of migration processes on public opinion and possible solutions to the migration problem in modern Russia. An analysis and comparison of the results of sociological surveys conducted by various sociological agencies over the past five years has made it possible to identify the most vulnerable points in interethnic relations. Speaking about the future prospects of Russian migration policy, the authors offer scenarios for the development of the migration problem in Russia. To study the experience of the organization, as well as to determine the specific features of the functioning of the migration process, comparative methods are used to identify the main ways of regulating the migration policy in Russia and to compare this practice with international experience. The generalization method is also used, allowing the authors to identify common properties and characteristics of the objects of study by moving from a particular or less general concept and judgment to a more general concept or judgment within the framework of this study. The methods of induction and deduction are widely used in academic research. Thanks to these methods, researchers have the opportunity to examine certain processes in detail, build logical relationships and sequences, and identify patterns. The use of induction made it possible to derive general propositions from a series of particular statements and isolated facts based on data from past experience.

This paper presents an approach named sensitivity-driven simulation development (SDSD), where the use of sensitivity analysis (SA) guides the focus of further simulation development and refinement efforts, avoiding direct calibration to validation data. SA identifies assumptions that are particularly pivotal to the validation result, and in response model ruleset refinement resolves those assumptions in greater detail, balancing the sensitivity more evenly across the different assumptions and parameters. We implement and demonstrate our approach to refine agent-based models of forcibly displaced people in neighbouring countries. Over 70.8 million people are forcibly displaced worldwide, of which 26 million are refugees fleeing from armed conflicts, violence, natural disaster or famine. Predicting forced migration movements is important today, as it can help governments and NGOs to effectively assist vulnerable migrants and efficiently allocate humanitarian resources. We use an initial SA iteration to steer the simulation development process and identify several pivotal parameters. We then show that we are able to reduce the relative sensitivity of these parameters in a secondary SA iteration by approximately 54% on average. This article is part of the theme issue 'Reliability and reproducibility in computational science: implementing verification, validation and uncertainty quantification in silico'.

Irish emigration to America is one of the clichés of modern Irish history; much less familiar is the reverse process. Who were the people who chose to return to Ireland? What motivated them? How did this affect Irish society? While many European countries were somewhat Americanised in this period, the Irish case was unique as so many Irish families had members in America. The most powerful agency for Americanisation, therefore, was not popular culture but circumstantial knowledge and personal contact. David Fitzpatrick demonstrates the often unexpected ways in which the reverse effects of emigration remoulded Irish society, balancing original demographic research with fascinating individual profiles to assemble a vivid picture of a changing Ireland. He explores the transformative impact of reverse migration from America to post-Famine Ireland, and offers penetrating insights into its growing population of American-born residents.

Organisations and individuals involved in the management of migration face constant change. What can we learn from them? Drawing from her research in migration management across different countries in Europe and Africa, Katerina Glyniadaki explores how to manage transitions during turbulent times. She highlights four aspects: anticipation, sense-making, response and learning. Katerina Glyniadaki spoke at the LSE Festival event How … Continued

Introduction /Moha Ennaji --Morocco and the European Union /Mehdi Lahlou --The Muslim Maghrebi diaspora in Europe: For a renewed dialogue /Moha Ennaji --Women and migration in the context of globalization /Fatima Sadiqi --Moroccan women in the UK: Human capital at the service of development /Moha Ennaji,Fatima Sadiqi --The legacy of migration in the life stories of highly educated Moroccan-Dutch women /Marjo Buitelaar --Democratic access and integration of multilingual non-indigenous minorities: Reference to EuroMoroccans /Abdeslam Jamai --The use of decontextualized language by Moroccan Berber mothers and their children in the Netherlands /Mohammadi Laghzaoui --Religious hospitality and common essentials /Johan Goud --Bhaba's theory of hybridity and the Maghrebi postcolonial condition /Nabil Cherni --Portrayals of migration to the Occident in Maghrebi literature: The early beginnings /Zahia Smail Salhi --Hybridity, purification, and identity: The case of Dutch-Moroccan literature /Michiel Leezenberg --An issue we can all relate to /Abdelkader Benali --Cultural dialogue and writing in the interstice /Jilali El Koudia --Biographies of contributors --Index.