Suchergebnisse

Cet article traite du rôle joué par les juristes belges lors de la Conférence de la Paix de Versailles de 1919, marquant l'entrée du droit international moderne dans sa phase active. Petit pays ayant abrogé sa neutralité, reconnu pour son expansion économique, la Belgique « martyre » d'août 1914 mobilise les arguments de l'expertise juridique afin d'aborder une grande négociation internationale où, à sa surprise, ses revendications seront peu entendues. Cette étude tend à cerner le poids relatif des juristes belges dans le processus décisionnel de Versailles mais aussi ce qu'ils expriment d'un pays en perte d'influence et à un tournant de sa manière d'être au monde.

The Committee on Cultural Heritage Law of the International Law Association (ILA) held an interim meeting in London on May 17–18, 2007. After completing the work on the Principles for Cooperation in the Mutual Protection and Transfer of Cultural Material on the occasion of the Seventy-Second Conference in Toronto 2006, the committee has now two projects on its agenda. The first one is concerned with a study of the concept of safe havens for temporary deposit of cultural material rescued from circumstances of armed conflict and other serious threats; the second study deals with the relationship between international trade law and cultural heritage law.

Intro -- Vorwort -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Abkürzungsverzeichnis -- Einleitung -- Teil 1: Rahmenbedingungen des Medizintourismus -- Kapitel 1: Untersuchungsgegenstand -- A. Begriff des Medizintourismus -- I. Ausländischer Behandlungsort -- II. Aufenthaltsdauer -- III. Medizinische Behandlung -- 1. Keine Akutbehandlungen -- 2. Spontanbehandlungen -- 3. Staatlich initiierte Auslandsbehandlungen -- 4. Begrenzung auf die Heilkundeausübung -- 5. Nicht-gesundheitsbedingte Wunschbehandlungen -- IV. Zusammenfassung -- B. Binnendifferenzierung zwischen Behandlungsreise und Spontanbehandlung -- I. Behandlungsreise -- II. Spontanbehandlung -- Kapitel 2: Rechtstatsächliche Bedeutung und Hintergründe des Medizintourismus -- A. Aktuelle Bedeutung des Medizintourismus -- B. Hintergründe -- I. Reduzierung des Leistungsumfangs der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung -- II. Wartezeiten in Deutschland -- III. Qualitativer Mehrwert der Auslandsbehandlung -- IV. Komforterwägungen -- V. Streben nach möglichst perfekter körperlicher Konstitution -- VI. Internationale Mobilität -- VII. Wirtschaftliches Potential des Medizintourismus -- C. Entwicklungstendenzen und Zukunftsprognosen -- I. Allgemeine Tendenzen -- II. Die Verlagerung medizinischer Maßnahmen ins Ausland als Antwort auf die zunehmende Ressourcenknappheit im deutschen Gesundheitswesen? -- D. Fazit -- Kapitel 3: Schutzbedürftigkeit des Patienten -- A. Betroffene Grundrechte -- I. Leben und körperliche Unversehrtheit (Art. 2 Abs. 2 S. 1 GG) -- II. Selbstbestimmungsrecht -- 1. Verfassungsrechtliche Anknüpfung -- 2. Bedeutung -- III. Fazit -- B. Spezifische Gefahren der Auslandsbehandlung -- I. Auslandsbehandlungen im Allgemeinen -- 1. Punktueller medizinischer Eingriff und kurze Aufenthaltsdauer am Behandlungsort -- 2. Behandlungsstandard -- 3. Fehlende Kompetenz beim Auftreten von Komplikationen.

Im Rahmen der Pläne der Europäischen Kommission zur Schaffung eines Gemeinsamen Referenzrahmens für ein Europäisches Vertragsrecht hat die Study Group on a European Civil Code auf der Grundlage rechtsvergleichender Studien der Rechte der EU-Mitgliedstaaten Vorschläge für vereinheitlichte Regelungen zum Bürgschaftsrecht erarbeitet. Diese Principles of European Law on Personal Security sollen bereits jetzt zum Beispiel vor Schiedsgerichten wählbar sein und damit in der täglichen grenzüberschreitenden Vertragspraxis innerhalb des europäischen Rechtsraums Anwendung finden können. Katharina Klingel untersucht, ob und inwieweit sich die Principles aus Sicht der Nutzer des Binnenmarktes, wie Wirtschaftsunternehmen oder Verbraucher, als neutrales Recht für internationale Bürgschaftsverträge eignen. Dies unternimmt sie im Wege eines Vergleichs mit dem französischen und dem deutschen Recht.

PurposeIn the era of Industry 4.0, international firms are required to respond to more complex and frequent changes in the global market. This study aims to explore the role of organizational agility as a key driver to generate superior performance in international markets in the era of technological transformation and how the degree of such impact is affected by the absorptive capacity of companies.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses the results of a survey targeting 228 Korean exporters to identify the link between organizational agility and business performance in the global market under different degrees of potential and achieved absorptive capacity in the Industry 4.0 era.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that companies with a high level of organizational agility outperform their counterparts in the global market. The data further revealed that realized absorptive capacity positively moderates the relationship between organizational agility and firm performance when it is achieved, whereas the moderating role of potential absorptive capacity is not significant.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the advancement of international business studies on organizational agility and Industry 4.0 by highlighting the implication of organizational agility on firm performance and the contingent role of absorptive capacity.

Having been neglected for a long time, the history of the League of Nations has recently experienced a spectacular resurgence which leads to a reinterpretation of a number of received ideas, among which that of the absence of the United States. Indeed, the interpretation of the relationships between the US and the League must be seriously revised if the perspective adopted moves from governmental actors to nongovernmental ones -- e.g. philanthropic foundations. In particular, the analysis of the involvement of the Rockefeller foundation and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in the non-political activities of the League leads to the conclusion that the US, while not being officially a League member, can be considered as a strong participant in it. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractIn 2015, the Israeli newspaperYedioth Ahronothbegan a campaign against Sweden's Foreign Minister, Margot Wallström, who is considered a prominent critic of Israeli policy in Palestine. The campaign included various aspects of media bias on both the gender and the ethnopolitical levels and thus raised the question of a possible relationship between these two types of biases. Studies in relation to political communication and gender have traditionally focused on the media coverage of domestic male and female politicians. The present study attempts to examine the gender media coverage of prominent international political actors. It performs a mixed content analysis of 529 news items from three Israeli online newspapers, reports, and articles, which cover world-renowned public figures (among them, Wallström). Each news item is coded into three gender-coverage frames. Additionally, a critical reading of the journalistic texts is conducted. The findings reveal that the combination of the two types of biases, the gender and the political, escalates the media sensation and stereotyping.

AbstractNegotiating a successful pandemic treaty should address a four‐fold purpose: to prevent, prepare for, respond to and recover from pandemics effectively (Phelan and Carlson, 2022, Science, 377, 475). Since the proposal for an international treaty on pandemic prevention and preparedness was endorsed by 26 heads of state and the WHO Director‐General in March 2021, WHO member states assigned an Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB) with the responsibility of coordinating negotiations in anticipation of adopting an agreement by May 2024. To date, four INB meetings have been held. In this analysis, the interventions of 43 member states at the INB sessions in July 2022 were evaluated against components considered integral to an effective pandemic treaty. These were mapped against elements previously identified for a transformative treaty (Phelan and Carlson, 2022). This analysis outlines gaps in the current pandemic treaty working draft and the INB negotiations, which may identify opportunities to enhance the value of the remaining negotiations and guide refinement in developing further iterations of the working draft.

This paper researches how and why the decision to withdraw Spanish troops from Iraq between March and April 2004 was taken. The new Spanish president, José Luís Rodríguez Zapatero, took this decision in the period between the day after his electoral victory, on 14 March, and the day that his government took office, on 18 April. The decision was made possible by the previous work of informal diplomacy carried out by Zapatero's future minister of defence, José Bono, and his future minister of foreign affairs, Miguel Ángel Moratinos, who were holding discreet contacts with several international leaders of the military coalition present at the time in Iraq. This fact had a strong impact on the prestige of the new government in the eyes of Spanish public opinion and on the strengthening of alliances with European countries opposed to the invasion. On the contrary, it brought Spain to have one of the worst relations periods of all times with the US administration.

Corruption is a common enemy that must be eradicated by Indonesia in order to achieve a just and prosperous life. The Indonesian government has made various efforts to eradicate corruption and save state finances. Various products of legislation, institutions, special teams and commissions have been formed by the government to combat corruption to its roots in order to save the economy and state finances. However, corruption is still a problem as an inhibiting factor for the country's economic development. The research was conducted using a normative juridical method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Eradication of criminal acts of corruption as an extraordinary crime, because it is serious, systematic and structured, should also be carried out in an extraordinary manner. Extraordinary eradication of criminal acts of corruption is carried out through extraordinary duties and authorities of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), through investigations, investigations and prosecutions carried out in an extraordinary manner by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), development of international cooperation in the context of mutual legal assistance, investigations joint and extradition treaty.

The Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) represents an institutionalized attempt by European Union Member States to respond to the security challenges they confront. This paper discusses the evolution of this policy through the lens of political integration and international relations theories. The analysis integrates both the supranational and the national level, and demonstrates that European institutions have extended their privileges and sphere of influence with increasing organizational mandates. At the same time, participation by various levels in the creation of European security policies has evolved, and the inter-governmental level is often recognized as dominant. However, the question remains open whether this evolution of policy might be properly explained by several influential political theories that have shaped the European integration and security architecture in recent decades. Aspects of the CSDP institutional setting (its creation, goals and role) and the explanation of why security and defense policy is a complex dilemma of the integration process are discussed.

The author analyzes the results of a pilot project (2004 – 2009) focused on conflict prevention and early warning in Guinea Bissau by the Canadian International Institute of Applied Negotiation. Guinea Bissau was considered at risk of violent armed and as a result an early warning and crisis management process was initiated. The article focuses on the results and lessons learned of that process. The stages of the process—crisis management, violence prevention, and the development of a National Plan of Action for Peace and Prosperity in Guinea Bissau—are analyzed within the context of a failing state. In addition, the article explores to what degree, over five years, an outside-driven effort to prevent political violence was effective. While the project was never able to reach the ambitious and robust goal of political conflict being resolved nonviolently, there were many small successes along the way that can be learned from, including building trust and meeting local needs, local project leadership, and integrated efforts.

Anchored in the port of Marseille, this article studies encounters between international solidarity, American humanitarianism, and Vichy France's nationalism in times of war and exile. Being the main free harbour in France after the country's defeat against Germany in the spring of 1940, Marseille saw hundreds of thousands of refugees seeking refuge and exile on its shores. This massive flux gave rise to a local internationalism of humanitarian and solidarity networks bonded by an anti-fascist ideology. American humanitarians, diplomats, and radical leftist militants shaped this eclectic internationalism by providing crucial support for European refugees escaping the Nazi-backed state repression in France. Using the local archives of the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, this paper analyses how these actors and their ideologies met in Marseille and interacted with or against Vichy France's nationalism. In the end, the extended historiography on refugees, American humanitarianism, solidarity networks, and French nationalism will be used to analyse global ideologies in a local context during the Second World War.