Suchergebnisse

UK: У статті оцінюється конкурентоспроможність у зовнішній торгівлі суб'єктів господарювання, згрупованих за кількістю найманих працівників. Класифікацію зведено до п'яти груп. Методологічну основу аналізу становили показники результативності зовнішньої торгівлі, у тому числі індекс Балласа, застосування якого дало змогу кількісно виміряти відносні порівняльні переваги в експортно-імпортних операціях із товарами різних господарюючих суб'єктів у розрізі регіонів України. На основі здійснених розрахунків сформовано матрицю розподілу регіонів України за рівнем виявлених порівняльних переваг та за індексом покриття імпорту експортом. Отримані результати дослідження надали можливість сформулювати висновки щодо застосування інструментів зовнішньоторговельної політики на регіональному рівні з урахуванням інтересів різних груп підприємців. Ці висновки можуть бути корисними для розроблення експортної стратегії регіону й обґрунтування заходів підтримки малого та середнього підприємництва. RU: В статье оценивается конкурентоспособность во внешней торговле хозяйствующих субъектов, сгруппированных по количеству наемных работников. Классификация сведена к пяти группам. Методологическую основу анализа составляли показатели результативности внешней торговли, в том числе индекс Балласа, применение которого позволило количественно измерить относительные сравнительные преимущества в экспортно-импортных операциях с товарами разных хозяйствующих субъектов в разрезе регионов Украины. На основе произведенных расчетов сформирована матрица распределения регионов Украины по уровню сравнительных преимуществ и по индексу покрытия импорта экспортом. Полученные результаты исследования позволили сформулировать выводы по применению инструментов внешнеторговой политики на региональном уровне с учетом интересов разных групп предпринимателей. Эти выводы имеют практическое значение для разработки экспортной стратегии региона и обоснования программ поддержки малого и среднего предпринимательства. EN: The article aims to assess the competitiveness in foreign trade of business entities, which are grouped by the number of employees. Five groups of economic entities are distinguished: from the smallest with 1 entrepreneur to the largest, which employ 250 people or more. The methodological basis of the analysis was indicators of the effectiveness of foreign trade, including the Balassa index. The use of this index made it possible to measure the relative comparative advantages in export-import of goods operations for various business entities that conduct their business in different regions of Ukraine. According to the results of calculations, the distribution matrix of the regions of Ukraine was formed by such indicators as the volume of foreign trade turnover, the index of revealed comparative advantages and the Exports to imports ratio of goods and services. The results of the study allowed us to draw conclusions on the use of foreign trade policy instruments at the regional level, taking into account the interests of different groups of entrepreneurs. The results of the study allowed us to draw conclusions on the use of foreign trade policy instruments at the regional level, taking into account the interests of different groups of entrepreneurs. These conclusions can be useful for shaping the region's export strategy, especially for choosing instruments of foreign economic policy. The results of the study allow recommending the local governments to provide information and organizational support to small enterprises. Export credit insurance and public-private partnerships in the construction of infrastructure facilities can be useful for enterprises with 50-249 employees. The local governments should develop a continuing education program with the participation of local educational centers and regional development agencies and implement an active territory branding policy to increase the foreign trade performance of large enterprises. An important role is played by inter-municipal cooperation and the region's participation in projects financed by foreign partners and international organizations.

The Latin American tropics have been considered spaces where the taken-for-granted vulnerability of the international assignment experience is exacerbated because of poor working conditions. In classical approaches to international management studies, the complexity attributed to the role of global managers resides in the 'fact' that they live under conditions of permanent confrontation, adjustment, change and adaptation. The literature typically portrays the international manager as perpetually experiencing an 'out-of-place' existence, as their supposed 'national culture' of origin is by definition different from the 'national culture' of the destination country. The stereotyped exoticism of the tropics – constructed as spaces for tourism and adventure, but also characterised as precarious in terms of their health infrastructures, uncomfortable climates, and socio-economic and political instability – contributes to the framing of international management in these regions as highly challenging. In this article, these stereotypical conceptions are challenged. Evidence is provided indicating that managers' narratives about 'the experience of working and living in the tropics' have more to do with their negative experiences of organisational power and the creation of a singular organisational culture of control and commitment than with the experience of the tropical context per se. The analysis is based on 6 years of intermittent longitudinal ethnographic fieldwork (2005–2009; 2020–2022) with international and nomadic Latin American professionals working in two factories located in the tropics owned by an industrial corporation.

Fritsche, K.: Joint actions by non-governmental organisations and trade unions. - S. 3-5. Berge, B.: ASEM and social policies. - S. 11-14. Hauff, M. v.: The significance of social protection for the ASEM dialogue. - S. 14-18. Santiago, C.: Social policies and its relevance for economic sustainable development. - S. 19-24. Brennan, B.: Social actors and the future of ASEM. - S. 27-29. Xia Jianzhong: A priority for and ASEM social policy agenda: from a Chinese scholar's perspective. - S. 30-32. Albano, J. A. C.: Some thoughts on the proposal to create a social forum within the ASEM. - S. 32-34. Viajar, R.: Statement by the Freedom for Debt Coalition, Philippines. - S. 34-35. Lim, P.: Ideas of social pillar in ASEM. - S. 35-37. Ghayur, S.: Building a social pillar in ASEM: why, how and priorities. A note on an Asian trade union perspective. - S. 37-44. Richards, G. A.: ASEM and the new politics of development. Restructuring social policy after the crisis. - S. 47-57

As the result to the mass displacements, the Nubians in Egypt were being marginalized almost in all aspects of life. Restless demonstration, advocacy, and petition had been conducted in the hope that by returning to the Nubians' ancestral lands they will have a better future. They finally get answered when the government included the Nubians' rights to return to their homelands in the newly amended 2014 Egyptian Constitution. Within the same year, the government issued Presidential Decree Number 444 of 2014, which demarcated areas parallel to the northern, southern, and western Egyptian borders to be forbidden and restricted areas. The demarcated areas are including the ancestral lands targeted by the Nubians to return. The enforcement of the Decree is de facto impeding the rights of the Nubians to return to their ancestral lands. This article analyses the issue of the Nubians from the perspective of international human rights law, showing that by the issuance and enforcement of Presidential Decree Number 444 of 2014, Egypt has violated its international human rights duties preserved in several international human rights treaties, such as ICERD, ICCPR, ICESCR, and ACHPR.

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Republic of Armenia: 2014 Article IV Consultation-First Review Under the Extended Arrangement-Staff Report -- Staff Supplement -- and Press Release -- Contents -- Boxes -- Figures -- Tables -- Appendices -- Annexes -- Context and Recent Developments -- 1. Policies since the 2012 Article IV Consultation -- Outlook and Risks -- First Review Under the Extended Arrangement -- A. Fiscal Policy -- 2. Spillovers from Global and Regional Developments to Armenia -- B. Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy -- C. Financial Sector Policy -- D. Structural Issues -- E. Program Issues -- Article IV Discussions: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Increasing Potential Growth -- A. Reducing vulnerabilities -- B. Increasing Potential Growth and Inclusiveness -- 3. Constraints to Potential Growth -- 1. Labor Market -- Staff Appraisal -- 1. Armenia: Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2009-16 -- 2. Balance of Payments, 2009-19 -- 3. Monetary Accounts, 2009-15 -- 4. Financial Soundness Indicators for the Banking Sector, 2009-14 -- 5. Central Government Operations, 2009-16, (In percent of GDP) -- 6. Central Government Operations, 2009-16, (In billions of dram) -- 7. Medium-Term Macroeconomic Framework, 2009-19 -- 8. Indicators of Capacity to Repay the Fund, 2011-19 -- 9. External Financing Requirements and Sources, 2013-17 -- 10. Fund Disbursements and Timing of Review Under a 38-Month Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility -- I. Letter of Intent -- Attachment I. Technical Memorandum of Understanding -- I. Armenia's Accession to the Eurasian Economic Union -- II. Pension Reform: Recent Developments and Changes -- III. Reserve Metrics and External Stability Assessment -- IV. Public Debt Sustainability Analysis -- V. Real Exchange Rate Assessment -- Contents

Soerensen, G.: A state is not a state. Types of statehood and patterns of conflict after the Cold War. - S. 24-42. Schwenninger, S. R.: The United States as a great power. - S. 43-60. Saikal, A.: Emerging powers. The cases of China, India, Iran, Iraq, and Israel. - S. 61-82. Alao, C. A.: The problem of the failed state in Africa. - S. 83-102. Smith, J.: Global civil society, social movement organizations, and the global politics of nuclear security. - S. 139-172. Williams, P.: The dark side of global civil society. - S. 173-209. Koch, R.: The relations of UN agencies and non-governmental organizations in cross-border humanitarian assistance. - S. 210-242. Morrison, A ; Blair, S. A.: Transnational networks of peacekeepers. - S. 243-265. Vogt, M.: Regional arrangements, the United Nations, and security in Africa. - S. 295-322. Harada, S. ; Tanaka, A.: Regional arrangements, the United Nations, and security in Asia. - S. 232-346. Eguizabal, C.: Regional arrangements, the United Nations, and security in Latin America. - S. 347-366. Chellaney, B.: Arms control. The role of the IAEA and UNSCOM. - S. 375-393. Malone, D.: The Security Council in the post-Cold War era. - S. 349-408. Weiss, T. G.: UN military operations in the 1990s. - S. 409-426. Peck, C.: UN preventive action. - S. 427-444. Doyle, M. W.: International organizations, peace, and security. - S. 445-457. Inoguchi, T.: Free frameworks of peace and security in the next millenium. - S. 459-463

This article aims to examine the legal position of Biharis in Bangladesh and their status under international law. It also reiterates the position of the international community, repatriation rights and judicial decisions on Bihari issues. Despite giving the citizenship rights to the Biharies in Bangladesh many of them did not renounce their Pakistani citizenship and actively refused to integrate with majority Bengalis. Therefore, the Bihari people's right to get into Pakistan, their homeland, is an internationally recognised right having the force of customary international law. The article is based on secondary data materials. The key sources of this article include textbooks, journal articles, daily newspapers and online documents. The study has also relied on international instruments and decided cases from Apex Court of Bangladesh and Pakistan. The article found that Pakistan has violated and continues to violate the Biharis international right to get into their state of nationality by refusing repatriation. Besides, the new generations of stranded Biharis have mostly rejected their forefather's stances and ideologies. Hence, the government should give them full opportunity to educate themselves to become productive citizens of Bangladesh.

The general importance of technological advances, based on successful industrial research and development, is well established in the economics of international trade and investment. A part of the emphasis on technology as a factor in international trade has resulted from the general reaction to Leontief's findings about the apparent factor intensity of U.S. trade: findings which went against the accepted pattern of the capital‐ and labour‐ based Heckscher‐Ohlin model of international trade. More important though is the recognition of the commercial significance of product‐ and process‐ oriented industrial innovation in an industry's international operations. There is ample evidence to support the usually accepted connection between research and development and international trade and investment in the case of United States' manufacturing industry. There has not, however, been a proper examination of the nature of this relationship in U.K. manufacturing industries. With the availability of new data on book values of British direct investment abroad by industry groups, some assessment of the connection between research activity and export‐ and foreign‐investment positions can now be undertaken.