Suchergebnisse

The new paradigm in which the People's Republic of China is perceived (from weak & politically fragile to strong) & its growing soft power, in part due to the high rates of economic development, led to the general acceptance of its influence in the South. Perceived as a more convenient partner than the Western countries, China legitimates its presence in Africa & Latin America presenting its own development model, in which economic progress is not linked with political democratization. Using the slogan of South-South cooperation & replacing the so-called Western norms by others with "Chinese characteristics," as the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, Beijing challenges European & US interests in those regions. Adapted from the source document.

This book argues that the world order is no longer unipolar, and the war in Ukraine proves this fact. As this study describes and theorizes, it has been transformed into a Multipolar World Order 2.0 stage. This title critically examines Chinese, US, Russian, EU, Indian, and a number of other powers' cooperation and competition over security, diplomatic, economic and cyberspace issues. Accomplished scholars from various regions of the Eurasian continent consider the impact of the Russo–Ukrainian war, the Sino–Russian strategic partnership, China's relations with the United States and the European Union, the influence of the Belt and Road Initiative, the expansion of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Eurasian Economic Union, China's policies in the Middle East, Central Asia, Indo-Asia Pacific, the South Caucasus, Central and Eastern Europe, as well as focus on details of growing contradictions and collaboration in the Eurasian continent over markets, technologies, digital leadership, vaccine distribution, and financial institutions in the Era of Multipolar World Order 2.0.

The original motive for writing this master's thesis stems from the numerous questions and challenges that the author has encountered as a member of different professional teams operating in cross-cultural contexts. This thesis is a case study of a transnational cooperation project between the Armenia State Pedagogical University (ASPU) and the University of Oulu Faculty of Education (Oulu FE), in which the primary aim was to develop high-quality, research-based teacher education in Armenia. This qualitative study examines the ASPU — Oulu FE cooperation project from a learning-oriented perspective to understand and describe the different aspects and processes of professional and organisational learning in the Armenian-Finnish higher education (HE) context. The following research questions have been used to explore the challenges and opportunities of learning in geographically and culturally fragmented professional teams: — What have the project participants and their respective organisations learned during the cooperation project? (central research question) — What kinds of conditions promote/hinder learning in a transnational learning community according to the project participants? (central research question) — What are the key benefits and challenges of learning in a cross-cultural context according to the project participants? (sub-question) — What kind of development ideas accumulated during the cooperation project? (sub-question) This study also discusses the internationalisation of HE from an uncommon perspective. That is, in this thesis the research focus is on the under-researched relationship between professional and organisational learning, on the infrequently examined concepts of academic professionalism and academic communities of practise, and on the experiences of the ASPU — Oulu FE cooperation project participants as professionals learning at boundaries in an Armenian-Finnish HE context. The study begins with a description on the political and historical research context, in which the internationalisation of higher education is introduced as the overarching contextual umbrella of the study. The theoretical framework will then introduce theoretical perspectives on professional and organisational learning with a special focus on academics, higher education institutions, and the interconnectedness of the individual and organisational learning process. The research process is based on a research methodology known as hermeneutic phenomenology, and the research data, collected primarily from interviews with the cooperation project participants, is analysed by combining research method elements from qualitative case study and theory-guided content analysis. The research findings show that cross-cultural cooperation projects based on the Bologna Process framework can offer unique learning opportunities for the academics and their respective organizations. In the ASPU — Oulu FE cooperation project both parties were ultimately teachers and learners in a transnational context, where cooperation was built on the existing preconditions, resources and strengths of the respective organisations. When examining the research findings as the learning outcomes of an academic community of practice learning at boundaries, the project generated both reflective and transformative learning outcomes. There were reflective learning outcomes which enabled the project organisations and project participants to look differently at their current ways of working by learning from another type of practice. There were also transformative learning outcomes which lead to changes in the existing practices and thought patterns as a result of embracing and applying the ideas of another type of practice. The author believes that this thesis includes both intriguing openings for further research and research findings which are beneficial when planning transnational cooperation projects in the HE context.

The processes of decentralisation characteristic of modern political systems have led to a new distribution of power within the State, leading to a greater role for sub-national government levels. In this multilevel and multi-organisational scenario, inter-governmental relations (IGRs) arise, understood as interactions between the various government units. Such relations may be characterised by good coordination and cooperation towards a common state policy or sometimes subject to conflicts of interest between the different levels of jurisdiction, which may result in inconsistent policies and objectives or overlapping efforts and resources. Within the public administration, one of the areas of increasing importance is tourism. Its complex and cross-cutting nature makes it an ideal space for analysis of GIRs. The aim is to describe and analyse the relations between public tourism bodies of the Argentine State which interfere with the Mar del Plata destination, with the intention of knowing its impact on local tourism policy and development. FIL: Corbo, Yanina A. National University of Mar del Plata. Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences; Argentina. ; The decentralization processes characteristic of modern political systems has generated a new distribution of power within the State, giving rise to a greater role for the subnational government levels. In this multi-level and multi-organizational scenario, Intergovernmental Relations (RIG) arise, understood as the interactions that occur between the different government units. These relationships can be characterized by good coordination and cooperation in pursuit of a common state policy or sometimes be conditioned by conflicts of interest between the different jurisdictional levels, which can lead to incoherent policies and objectives or the overlapping of efforts and resources. Within the public administration, one of the areas that is gaining more and more prominence is tourism. Its complex and cross-cutting nature makes it an ideal space to analyze IBCs. The ...

Presents national and regional perspectives on this approach to reduction of risk, which seeks to lower the state of immediate military readiness of atomic weapons, particularly on guided missiles; overviews of the potential benefits and possible weaknesses and proposed solutions; 6 articles. Parallel title: La levée de l'état d'alerte des forces nucléaires.

Discusses the UN's Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) & explains how they differ from previous development agendas. First, the MDGs were born of an unprecedented gathering of global leaders in Sept 2000. Second, the goals' priorities focus on human development (eg, poverty & people), a change from the former emphasis on growth as development's primary aim. Third, MDGs offer a framework for accountability; they go beyond merely expressing aspirations to identify specific objectives that can be monitored. Last, MDGs focus on both development outcomes & inputs from wealthy states, thus creating an agreement that demands that rich & poor countries alike be accountable for market liberalization, aid & debt assistance, & technology transfer. K. Coddon

THE ARTICLE BEGINS WITH A REVIEW OF THE EXISTING LITERATURE ON THE REGIONAL LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT AND THE 'REGIONAL STATE', AND PROCEEDS TO FOCUS ON THE RANGE OF LINKAGES WHICH ARE FOUND BETWEEN THE CENTRE AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES. SEVEN LINKAGES ARE IDENTIFIED AND AFTER AN ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT IT IS SUGGESTED THAT PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL LINKAGES PREDOMINATE. THE ROLES OF THE REGIONAL OFFICES OF THE DOE ARE THEN EXAMINED WITHIN THIS FRAMEWORK WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION BEING PAID TO THE PROFESSIONAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE HOUSING INVESTMENT PROGRAMME NEGOTIATIONS. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES WITH SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF THE REGIONAL OFFICERS OF THE DOE ON LOCAL AUTHORITY HOUSING POLICY.

"During the Cold War, U.S. intelligence was concerned with states; non-state actors such as terrorists were secondary. Now, the priorities are reversed, thus requiring the cooperation of intelligence, military, and law enforcement to communicate and address the challenge of dealing with individuals and terrorist organizations rather than states. But as intelligence gathering changes with new technology and powers, controversial questions arise over the transparency we should and can expect from our governments and militaries as they seek to anticipate the actions of terrorists and terror cells both at home and abroad." "Intelligence for an Age of Terror outlines the extent of the challenges across both foreign and domestic data collection and analysis, presenting the issues of value that arise as new targets require collection of more information at home."--Jacket

The renascent Polish state was being built in the interwar period (1918-1939), developing its position on all possible levels in the international arena. One of these was education and culture. Poland signed a lot of international agreements in this field. This was connected with visits by our ministerialrepresentatives to other countries and with arranging visits in Poland for guests from different countries. In 1935 three ministers of education from abroad visited Poland: Teodor Radew (Bulgaria), Artur Engberg (Sweden) and Balaint Homan (Hungary). The visit of the first two ministers was connected with the signing of a Polish-Bulgarian and Polish-Swiss cultural agreement. The Hungarian minister of education came to Poland to assess the implementation of the agreement which had been signed between Poland and Hungary a year before. While staying in Poland, beside official meetings with the president and the ministers of education and foreign affairs, our guests visited different educational institutions in cities such as Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan or Vilnius. The press took a lively interest in those visits, reporting them on an ongoing basis. Apart from news reports, editorials and even articles appeared. These were devoted to some of the educational and cultural issues of our guests' countries ; The renascent Polish state was being built in the interwar period (1918-1939), developing its position on all possible levels in the international arena. One of these was education and culture. Poland signed a lot of international agreements in this field. This was connected with visits by our ministerial representatives to other countries and with arranging visits in Poland for guests from different countries. In 1935 three ministers of education from abroad visited Poland: Teodor Radew (Bulgaria), Artur Engberg (Sweden) and Balaint Homan (Hungary). The visit of the first two ministers was connected with the signing of a Polish-Bulgarian and Polish-Swiss cultural agreement. The Hungarian minister of education came to Poland to assess the implementation of the agreement which had been signed between Poland and Hungary a year before. While staying in Poland, beside official meetings with the president and the ministers of education and foreign affairs, our guests visited different educational institutions in cities such as Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan or Vilnius. The press took a lively interest in those visits, reporting them on an ongoing basis. Apart from news reports, editorials and even articles appeared. These were devoted to some of the educational and cultural issues of our guests' countries.

В статье рассмотрены основные аспекты взаимодействия России и Израиля во время проведения российской военной операции в Сирии. Автор утверждает, что в современных реалиях произошло сближение национальных интересов России и Израиля, в равной степени заинтересованных в недопущении усиления террористической организации «Исламское государство» и стабилизации обстановки в регионе в целом. Лидеры России и Израиля сумели найти общий язык, и в настоящий момент между странами установлено тесное взаимодействие в том, что касается проведения военной операции в Сирии российской стороной. Таким образом, сегодня основные противоречия между Россией и Израилем отошли на второй план, однако при неблагоприятном развитии событий они могут усилиться. Автор прогнозирует, что в краткосрочной перспективе для сохранения благоприятных отношений сторонам придется пойти на взаимные уступки. ; The article deals with the main aspects of cooperation between Russia and Israel during Russian military operation in Syria. The author argues that in modern realities there was a rapprochement of Russia's and Israel's national interests as both nations were equally interested in preventing the strengthening of the terrorist organization "Islamic state" and the stabilization of the situation in the region as a whole. The leaders of Russia and Israel have managed to find a common language, and in the moment two countries have established close cooperation during the military operation in Syria by Russian air-space force. However, the author predicts that in the short term both parties will have to make mutual concessions to maintain their favorable relations.

The authentic of Pancasila's formulation has been agreed as was grafted in the preamble of 1945 constitution. However, the problem of interpretation to Pancasila's content (sila-sila), whether it is an authentic or not is still emerging many questions. In the regime of New Order there was an effort of Pancasila's meaning standardization through political decision even though there were many reactions to refuse it. The familial relationship is static aspect and mutual-cooperation is dynamic aspect are always serve as a core or keyword for understanding of Indonesian state system. Pancasila as the foundation of Indonesian state is a part of the system of state. Therefore, the content of Pancasila (sila-sila) should be understood from the angel of familial relationship as its core and keyword. The founding fathers intended to form the state that is based on the Indonesian culture. The life of society based on the Indonesian culture is a familial relationship life. The state that is based on the familial relationship is an integral-state which is powerful than the personal-minded or group's interest in the way of the integral-state acknowledges the extraordinary of such group.