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Abstract
According to various international reports, Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) is one of the currently emerging fields in educational technology. Whilst it has been around for about 30 years, it is still unclear for educators how to make pedagogical advantage of it on a broader scale, and how it can actually impact meaningfully on teaching and learning in higher education. This paper seeks to provide an overview of research on AI applications in higher education through a systematic review. Out of 2656 initially identified publications for the period between 2007 and 2018, 146 articles were included for final synthesis, according to explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria. The descriptive results show that most of the disciplines involved in AIEd papers come from Computer Science and STEM, and that quantitative methods were the most frequently used in empirical studies. The synthesis of results presents four areas of AIEd applications in academic support services, and institutional and administrative services: 1. profiling and prediction, 2. assessment and evaluation, 3. adaptive systems and personalisation, and 4. intelligent tutoring systems. The conclusions reflect on the almost lack of critical reflection of challenges and risks of AIEd, the weak connection to theoretical pedagogical perspectives, and the need for further exploration of ethical and educational approaches in the application of AIEd in higher education.

Aotearoa/New Zealand (Aotearoa/NZ) and the United States (U.S.) suffer inequities in health outcomes by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. This paper compares both countries' approaches to health equity to inform policy efforts. We developed a conceptual model that highlights how government and private policies influence health equity by impacting the healthcare system (access to care, structure and quality of care, payment of care), and integration of healthcare system with social services. These policies are shaped by each country's culture, history, and values. Aotearoa/NZ and U.S. share strong aspirational goals for health equity in their national health strategy documents. Unfortunately, implemented policies are frequently not explicit in how they address health inequities, and often do not align with evidence-based approaches known to improve equity. To authentically commit to achieving health equity, nations should: 1) Explicitly design quality of care and payment policies to achieve equity, holding the healthcare system accountable through public monitoring and evaluation, and supporting with adequate resources; 2) Address all determinants of health for individuals and communities with coordinated approaches, integrated funding streams, and shared accountability metrics across health and social sectors; 3) Share power authentically with racial/ethnic minorities and promote indigenous peoples' self-determination; 4) Have free, frank, and fearless discussions about impacts of structural racism, colonialism, and white privilege, ensuring that policies and programmes explicitly address root causes.

This article accentuates higher education LGBTQ+ (HE-LGBTQ+) students' lived experiences of off-campus housing in the Deonar Campus District of Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India. It is observed that key urban stakeholders such as brokers, landowners, neighborhood resident families, and hostel wardens informed by cis-heteronormative moralities work in tandem in shaping the student housing market. The article argues, first, that these powerful urban stakeholders collectively contribute to two mutually feeding phenomena - "studentphobia" and "cis-heteronormative familification" - which in turn effectuate a homonegative labyrinth of representational distortions of the HE-LGBTQ+ student-image. Secondly, when compounded with an increasingly unaffordable urban housing market in the finance capital of India, it results in relatively acute experiences of "spatial dysphoria" for HE-LGBTQ+ students that cannot be comprehended within the neat binary of socio-spatial un/belonging. Methodologically, this article takes a trans-disciplinary approach to analyze the spatial stories of disbelonging of 13 HE-LGBTQ+ students that follow three stages: (a) securing a home, (b) making a home, and (c) leaving home. The article concludes that what is needed to enable a sense of belonging for HE-LGBTQ+ students in India is not necessarily "LGBTQ+ inclusive" or, for that matter, "exclusively LGBTQ+" housing; rather, it is for planning practices to take on queer and trans approaches that undo cis-heteronormativity in urban housing and homes.

Contents: Illegal aliens: the need for a more restrictive border policy, by Vernon M. Briggs, jr.; A case for a less restrictive border policy, by Wendell Gordon.

The South Carolina State Board of Financial Institutions issues operational instructions to state-chartered banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, and licensed consumer finance companies to clarify or change rules for engaging in certain activities.

The state claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of force. This is not to suggest however that the state cannot and does not outsource the practical exercise of force. On the contrary, the outsourcing of a wide range of military and security roles and functions is, to a greater or lesser extent, a feature of most states. Important, yet least well understood is the outsourcing of intelligence. Explanations of the outsourcing of this sensitive function usually cite the incapacity of the state and the efficiency of the private sector. But is such outsourcing efficient? The evidence suggests not. Rather the outsourcing of intelligence has been characterized by inefficiency, corruption and criminality. This has certainly proved the case in post-apartheid South Africa where the outsourcing of intelligence by the state has been popular. This dissertation examines the relationship between the state and private intelligence in post-apartheid South Africa. It is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is concerned with establishing key concepts; namely the state, intelligence, and public and private intelligence; and with developing an interpretative framework of the relationship between the state and private intelligence. The second chapter provides an overview of intelligence in South Africa between 1949 and 2008. The third chapter considers the relationship between the state and private intelligence in post-apartheid South Africa. This dissertation concludes that the relationship between the state and private intelligence in post-apartheid South Africa can be best described as contradictory. While on the one hand the state has been hostile towards private intelligence, the outsourcing of intelligence has been favoured by the post-apartheid state. For the most part, such outsourcing has proved inefficient, corrupt and criminal; and has undermined what are already weak mechanisms of oversight and accountability.

A typewritten copy of an act from the New York State legislature incorporating the Dudley Observatory and its board of trustees.

The origin and spread of money-based commodity markets is normally attributed to a natural evolution from barter and is usually seen as a solution to problems of exchange. I want to propose that markets to a considerable degree develop historically out of a different set of dynamics. These are concerned with the state-building tasks of territorial conquest and control, and are closely related to specific modes of war fighting. In this connection, markets develop not only to facilitate exchange per se but also to facilitate the mobilization of resources and their management across space and time. This need to manage resources geographically and temporally contributes not only to the spread of commodity markets but also to the development of markets in land and in labor.

Foreword / Raymond Plant -- From citizen solidarity to self-serving inequality : social solidarity, market economy and welfare statecraft / Jack Hayward -- Public intervention : the roles of state and society -- The rationale for the retreat from the welfare state / Noel O'Sullivan -- Expanding the role of civil society in Britain and beyond / Elizabeth Monaghan -- Multicultural society and the welfare state / Bhikhu Parekh -- Vicissitudes of democratic institutions and processes -- Constitutional change and the tensions of liberal democracy / Philip Norton -- The British welfare state and its discontents / Matt Beech -- Bureaucracy : disregarding public administration / Edward Page -- Intrusive national and international market forces -- From financing social insurance to insuring financial markets : the socialisation of risk and the privatisation of profit in an age of irresponsibility / Simon Lee and Richard Woodward -- The environmental challenge to nation states : from limits to growth to ecological modernisation / Rü̈diger Wurzel -- Inequality, social policy and state welfare regimes in developing countries : the case of Brazil / Mahrukh Doctor -- The residual warfare state -- Human welfare in a world of states : reassessing the balance of responsibility / Justin Morris and Nicholas Wheeler -- Free-riding? : the cost of defence : the United Kingdom, France and the United States of America / Christopher Martin -- Conclusion : remaining the welfare state? / James Connelly

The aim of this study is to compare the educational reforms of two governments in public sector schools within the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) region and finds the difference in educational reforms between the government elected in 2008 and government elected in 2013 in KPK. The study uses quantitative approach and used secondary data which is collected from the Annual statistical Report issued from 2009 to 2015. This research explains relationship between independent variables and dependent variable through linear and multiple regression technique. The analysis shows that three independent variables namely Basic facilities, Number of teachers, Number of institution has great impact on student's enrollment which shows changes made by present government in the education policy has increased the student's enrollment in public sector schools. The study focuses only on three independent variables while there are some other factors which can affect the student's enrollment in public sector school.