Suchergebnisse

Cover; Half Title; Series Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; List of figures; Acknowledgements; Introduction: a picture in search of a new frame; A note on methodology; Structure and content; 1 Constructing the statistical quilt for the comfortable dream: exploring the 'international crime decline'; The international crime victims survey; Practical limitations and methodological issues of the ICVS; Reframing the 'international crime decline' discourse; Criminal obsolescence and the mutation of crime; Constructing the statistical quilt; 2 Context is everything

Book Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Acknowledgements; Introduction: punishment, culture and communication; 1 Murder will out; 2 Punishment, print culture and the nation; 3 Travelling cultures; 4 Irony and the state of unitedness; 5 The internet, new collectivities and crime; 6 Punishment and the powers of horror; 7 The shadow of the death penalty; Conclusion: addressing the contemporary; Notes; Bibliography; Index.

Real Social Science: Applied Phronesis, edited by Bent Flyvbjerg, Todd Landman, and Sanford Schram, is an interesting read in the context of the current assault on both the scientific status and the practical utility of social science in general and political science specifically. In it, the editors collect examples of social scientific work that embrace what Flyvbjerg and others have described as phronetic social science. This approach makes creative use of the Aristotelian intellectual virtue of phronesis, or practical wisdom, which the editors identify with the knowledge of how to address and act on social problems in a particular context. Rather than emphasizing the universal truth (episteme) that has traditionally been the summum bonum of social scientific inquiry, or fixating on the know-how (techne) that is characteristic of methodologically driven approaches, Flyvbjerg, Landman, and Schram present examples of social scientific research where contextual knowledge, deep understanding of embedded power dynamics, and immediate relevance to political reality take center stage. In so doing they give the lie to those who would deny the practical relevance of social research. At the same time, however, the editors develop an understanding of phronesis that marginalizes valuable elements of Aristotle's understanding of the intellectual virtue, most notably its basis in self-examination, while simultaneously bringing phronesis much closer to techne by seeking to develop their phronetic social science along methodological lines.

Throughout the 1980s there have been calls, often from development organizations of global repute, for the incorporation of social science perspectives into the design and management of sustainable development programmes. Practising Development is the first collection to offer first-hand critical assessments of the success and failures found within actual responses to these calls. By combining academic and practical experience from anthropology, development and aid organizations the contributors examine the processes of intervention, the methods by which this intervention can be assessed, and

Changes in the social, political and economic development of society contribute to the development of sciences. Criminology is not an exception. The genesis and the current state of scientific views on the nature of inter-scientific links of criminology, the essence of its nature, its place in the system of sciences have been considered. The attention has been focused on the fact that these problems are interrelated and remain ones of the most debatable in the general theory of criminology. It has been established that domestic criminology is developing gradually, has logical change of the system, transits from one state to more perfect state. It has been stated that throughout the history of the development of criminology, different views were expressed regarding its nature. At the same time, not only scientific concepts, but also personal views of individual scientists changed repeatedly. Attention is drawn to the fact that, so far, criminologists have not reached an agreed position on these issues. Criminology implies using of the creative approach, situation conditionality, presence of alternatives when choosing certain ways, means, methods or techniques. It has been established that efficiency of investigation of robberies and brigandage depends on correct determination of an investigative situation; proposing and refining of all possible versions; organisation of interaction of an investigator with operational units. Therefore, she is associated with different sciences. Currently, two basic concepts coexist regarding the nature of criminology, according to one of them criminology is recognised as a special science of law, and according to the other – a science of synthetic (integral) nature. It has been concluded that criminology, based on the subject of the study, its nature and objectives, integrates the knowledge of legal, technical and natural sciences. At the same time, criminology is a unified fusion of knowledge, not an aggregate of sciences, since it is not possible to single out purely legal, natural or technical sections, that is, knowledge complexes as any fixed structures, which once again testifies the synthetic (integral) nature of its origin.

WHAT IS RESEARCH IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES FOR? SHOULD (much of) it be financed by the state? How should it be organized? Where should it take place? In the United Kingdom, these questions thud down each morning on the desk of the Chairman of the Economic and Social Research Council, which now has a new home (in Swindon, with its big sister Research Councils) and a new Chairman, Professor Howard Newby. Six years, and more than one chairman, have come and gone since I sat at that desk; I have a short memory, and a full recognition of the duty of a retired bureaucrat — 'get out, and shut up'. I am not willing or able to bore readers with a description or a critique of recent policies. But my present function gives me a new standpoint; things look different from Strasbourg, and an international perspective helps; above all, my responsibilities now spread widely (although jolly thinly) over the whole range of learning, scholarship, and science. So these are home thoughts from abroad.

Harm takes shape in and through what is suppressed, left out, or taken for granted. This book is a guide to understanding and uncovering what is left unsaid—whether concealed or silenced, presupposed or excluded. Narrative criminologist Lois Presser outlines a strategy for determining what or who is excluded from textual materials, adding to the tool kits of social researchers and activists alike. Drawing on a variety of real-world examples, Unsaid provides a richly layered approach to analyzing and dismantling the power structures that both create and arise from what goes without saying

Résumé Il semblerait qu'il y ait une inadéquation entre la demande de connaissances en sciences sociales exprimée par la société et l'offre de connaissances émanant des sciences sociales. La nécessité de réévaluer le fonctionnement des sciences sociales, ainsi que leur rôle et leur position dans la société, est la principale raison d'être de l'Initiative mondiale en matière de sciences sociales ( wssi ) lancée par le Conseil international des sciences sociales. Née après une série de conférences internationales de l' ocde sur le thème « Repenser les sciences sociales », conférences également financées par la Direction générale de la recherche de la Commission européenne et par le Programme « Gestion des transformations sociales » ( most ) de l' unesco , la wssi fournit un cadre flexible aux efforts visant à améliorer la qualité scientifique et à accroître la pertinence sociale des sciences sociales.

L'archéologie est depuis vingt ans le lieu d'un programme de recherches consacrées à une analyse formelle des constructions historiques, inspirée du paradigme computationnel. Les travaux menés dans cette voie apportent quelque lumière sur des questions d'épistémologie pratique, groupées ici sous trois titres: le sens et la place du " naturel " dans ces constructions (langage naturel, logique naturelle, raisonnement naturel) ; la manière dont on s'y accommode ou non de la pluralité des interprétations et de leur caractère réputé non cumulatif ; la viabilité des positions médianes recommandées aujourd'hui entre science et littérature ou sens commun. L'article expose les enseignements tirés du programme logiciste sur ces différents points, en archéologie, et s'achève par une interrogation sur leur pertinence dans les sciences sociales en général.