Suchergebnisse

One Health (OH), EcoHealth (EH), and Planetary Health (PH) share an interest in transdisciplinary efforts that bring together scientists, citizens, government and private sectors to implement contextualized actions that promote adaptive health management across human, animal and ecosystem interfaces. A key operational element underlying these Integrated Approaches to Health (IAH) is use of Systems Thinking as a set of tools for integration. In this paper we discuss the origins and epistemology of systems thinking and argue that participatory modeling, informed by both systems theory and expertise in facilitating engagement and social learning, can help ground IAH theoretically and support its development. Participatory modeling is iterative and adaptive, which is necessary to deal with complexity in practice. Participatory modeling (PM) methods actively involve affected interests and stakeholders to ground the field of inquiry in a specific social-ecological context. Furthermore, PM processes act to reconcile the diverse understandings of the empirical world that stem from divergent discipline and community viewpoints. In this perspective article, we argue that PM can support systems thinking in practice and is essential for IAH implementation. Accordingly we invite PH, OH, and EH practitioners to systematically incorporate specialists in systems science and social engagement and facilitation. This will enable the appropriate contextualization of research practice and interventions, and ensure a balanced representation of the roles and relationships of medical, biological, mathematical, and social disciplines. For completeness, funding schemes supporting IAH need to follow the same iterative, adaptive, and participative processes to accompany IAH projects throughout their implementation.

Background and aim: The social role of the minor, as indeed that of the physician, has changed markedly. This transformation has given rise to new patterns and responsibilities in the management of healthcare procedures that involve minors. Discussion: According to international legislation, in the clinical setting, as in other areas of social life, minors have the right to be heard and to have their opinions taken into consideration as an increasingly determining factor, in accordance with their age and degree of maturity and discernment. The authors describe the right to information and the decision-making process when the patient is a minor and underline the role of the parties involved (physicians, parents, under-age patient, judge) in various circumstances. Specifically, the paper analyzes the ethical and legal issues relating to the entitlement to decisions concerning the medical treatment of children and assesses the importance that Italian law attaches to the will of minors in the healthcare choices that affect them. Conclusions: Healthcare workers are called upon to face new challenges in order to ensure that healthcare services are able to safeguard the interests of minors while, at the same time, respecting their will. How to evaluate children's competence to consent and how to balance the autonomy of parents and minors are crucial questions which the law courts in the various countries are increasingly being asked to address. These issues require close collaboration among various figures (parents, doctors, psychologists, judges) and imply the ethical need to undergo continuous training. (www.actabiomedica.it)

This paper seeks to explore the potential reasons for the antagonistic sentiments that are held by many Protestant evangelicals, in the United States, towards the European Union. The possible causal factors include the following: 1) The legacy of anti-internationalism among evangelicals, dating back to the debate over American membership in the League of Nations almost 100 years ago; 2) The level of attraction to the current wave of "populist" politics and economics; 3) The aversion of politically conservative American evangelicals to the perception of Europe as a "socialist' continent; 4) The negative portrayal of the European Union, as an instrument of "globalism," in widely held manifestations of American evangelical theology. A major dimension of this paper will be an examination of the points of tangency between the preceding elements, including a consideration of the extent to which they reinforce and support one another. Does the skepticism with which American evangelicals view the European Union – and other multinational institutions – primarily stem from the application of certain theological positions that are reinforced by their political perspectives, or is it the other way around? Is evangelical antipathy towards the EU a manifestation of the recent observation by Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway and Director-General of the World Health Organization, that Americans who maintain that "Washington is the problem," and Europeans who assert that "Brussels is the problem," are essentially making the same argument? How accurate is the economic narrative that emerges from this interaction of politics and theology?

Tax Amnesty is one type of government policy that is used to accelerate economic growth and restructuring through the transfer of assets, which will affect domestic liquidity improvements, improve rupiah exchange rate, decrease interest rates, and increase investment, and increase tax revenues, others will be used for development financing. This study aims to measure the extent to which the success of the tax amnesty program implemented by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia during the period 2016 - 2017 in order to improve compliance with corporate taxpayers. The research method used in this research is quantitative descriptive by using secondary data that is the amount of tax amnesty fund receipt during Period I: from the date of enactment until September 30, 2016; Period II: From October 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016, and Period III: from 1 January 2017 to 31 March 2017 and the amount of corporate and personal taxpayers attending the program. Tests conducted on the amount of tax agencies that make the redemption of property and the number of applicant's tax amnesty program with the amount of tax amnesty and tax revenue in the same period. While the analysis of research data used is multiple linear regression analysis at a significant level α = 0.05 with the number of samples as many as 32 secondary data processed with SPSS software version 21 for Windows. Results The results of the t-independent test show that the implementation of the tax amnesty program is generally effective in improving taxpayer compliance.

International audience ; One Health (OH), EcoHealth (EH), and Planetary Health (PH) share an interest in transdisciplinary efforts that bring together scientists, citizens, government and private sectors to implement contextualized actions that promote adaptive health management across human, animal and ecosystem interfaces. A key operational element underlying these Integrated Approaches to Health (IAH) is use of Systems Thinking as a set of tools for integration. In this paper we discuss the origins and epistemology of systems thinking and argue that participatory modeling, informed by both systems theory and expertise in facilitating engagement and social learning, can help ground IAH theoretically and support its development. Participatory modeling is iterative and adaptive, which is necessary to deal with complexity in practice. Participatory modeling (PM) methods actively involve affected interests and stakeholders to ground the field of inquiry in a specific social-ecological context. Furthermore, PM processes act to reconcile the diverse understandings of the empirical world that stem from divergent discipline and community viewpoints. In this perspective article, we argue that PM can support systems thinking in practice and is essential for IAH implementation. Accordingly we invite PH, OH, and EH practitioners to systematically incorporate specialists in systems science and social engagement and facilitation. This will enable the appropriate contextualization of research practice and interventions, and ensure a balanced representation of the roles and relationships of medical, biological, mathematical, and social disciplines. For completeness, funding schemes supporting IAH need to follow the same iterative, adaptive, and participative processes to accompany IAH projects throughout their implementation.

The paper is written as a part of project 'The Trojan Catalogue (Hom. Il. 2.816-877) and the Peoples of western Anatolia in the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. A Study of the Homeric Text in the Light of Hittite Sources and Classical Geographical Tradition' (2015/19/P/HS3/04161), which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 665778 with the National Science Centre, Poland. ; The topic of the present contribution is two ethnic terms of likely Aegean origin specified in the title, which appear, in different guises, in written sources of the late 2nd and early 1st millennium BC across the entire Eastern Mediterranean, from Egypt in the South to the Levant to Cilicia in the North (besides the Aegean itself). 1 My discussion of them will be, however, not quite the same. As for the first one, Ahhiyawa or Hiyawa, I will summarize the recent discussion revolving around recognition of this name in the Hieroglyphic-Luwian inscription KARATEPE, adding some details and placing it in a more general historical context. The second and central part of the paper will concern Danu(na), in which a full linguistic reassessment of this term and a revision of different sources which mention it will be offered. The third part will discuss the distinction between the two terms, also touching upon the problem of ethnolinguistic boundaries in Late Bronze Age Greece. ; Narodowe Centrum Nauki / National Science Centre

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la política presidencial en tiempos de Ramón Castillo a través de una reconsideración de sus capacidades políticas y recursos partidarios. Lo hace a través de una reevaluación de los intentos del último Presidente conservador argentino por reconstruir el tejido político-partidario en algunos casos provinciales como Jujuy, Corrientes y Tucumán. A través de un variado repertorio de fuentes como prensa, correspondencia privada y documentos oficiales, el artículo concluye que, si bien las habilidades políticas y los recursos del Presidente no fueron suficientes para garantizar su supervivencia en el poder, parte de la explicación a su caída debe buscarse en la misma política que promovió el Poder Ejecutivo, sus unilaterales acciones y sus inesperadas consecuencias. ; Abstract: This article analyzes presidential policy during the times of Ramón Castillo through a reconsideration of his political capacities and party resources. It is carried out mainly through a reevaluation of the attempts made by the last conservative Argentinean president to reconstruct the political-party fabric concerning some provincial cases like Jujuy, Corrientes and Tucumán. Through a varied repertoire of sources like the press, private correspondence and official documents, the article concludes that, if the political abilities and the resources of the president were not sufficient to guarantee his survival in power, a partial explanation of his fall should be found in the same policy that promoted the Executive Power, his unilateral actions, and their unexpected consequences.

International audience ; One Health (OH), EcoHealth (EH), and Planetary Health (PH) share an interest in transdisciplinary efforts that bring together scientists, citizens, government and private sectors to implement contextualized actions that promote adaptive health management across human, animal and ecosystem interfaces. A key operational element underlying these Integrated Approaches to Health (IAH) is use of Systems Thinking as a set of tools for integration. In this paper we discuss the origins and epistemology of systems thinking and argue that participatory modeling, informed by both systems theory and expertise in facilitating engagement and social learning, can help ground IAH theoretically and support its development. Participatory modeling is iterative and adaptive, which is necessary to deal with complexity in practice. Participatory modeling (PM) methods actively involve affected interests and stakeholders to ground the field of inquiry in a specific social-ecological context. Furthermore, PM processes act to reconcile the diverse understandings of the empirical world that stem from divergent discipline and community viewpoints. In this perspective article, we argue that PM can support systems thinking in practice and is essential for IAH implementation. Accordingly we invite PH, OH, and EH practitioners to systematically incorporate specialists in systems science and social engagement and facilitation. This will enable the appropriate contextualization of research practice and interventions, and ensure a balanced representation of the roles and relationships of medical, biological, mathematical, and social disciplines. For completeness, funding schemes supporting IAH need to follow the same iterative, adaptive, and participative processes to accompany IAH projects throughout their implementation.

When I started writing plays in iambic pentameter, my self-interrogations inevitably returned to questions of politics, ethics and power. There has undeniably been a historical association between verse drama and elitism. Anthony Easthope sees iambic pentameter as the voice of 'solid institutional continuity' — a 'hegemonic form' implicitly confirming cultural norms. In Sara Ahmed's terms, a contemporary verse play by a white, male, middle-class subject risks being solely 'citational-relational' to other such plays and subjects. What, then, is my own complicity in choosing these particular formal restrictions? In what ways can my chosen way of writing — structured, metred verse — engage with power without merely endorsing or replicating it?In this paper, I will argue for how the pentameter form can allow for and facilitate a challenge to such positions. The inherent polyphony of a playscript challenges the singular: although in metrical terms, everyone is speaking the same language, the creation of a shared baseline permits individuality and resistance to stand out more starkly in variation. As such, shared-metre verse worlds have served me as an appropriate canvas to explore shifting tensions between the community and the individual, who might appear as a rebel against unquestioned institutional norms or as a threatening outsider to a self-sustaining system. I argue that by writing characters who follow or subvert metre — who are in or out of line — or who steal lines from others, I can stage conflicts over authority, control, freedom and restraint at the microcosmic level of the line.

We believe that in last two decades perception regarding socio-religious values had been changed in our society. Survey has been carried out on "changes in social values and their acceptance" in year 2011. Respondents have asked 74 questions (marked on Likert-scale) regarding educational system, political and religious affiliations and their impact on social values. Among these we have selected only those questions related to socio-religious issues (based on of individual and collective perceptions about the prevailing standard of the society in comparison with Islamic standards). Similar surveys using the same questionnaire had had conducted in year 1994 and 2001. Respondents, at each time of survey, were young students (youth acquiring education) from different colleges (Karachi region) and Karachi University. Perception can be explained more appropriately through latent class model (LCM). Through LCM we can explore structures in the data in term of different opinion groups. The modeling is done on the selected set of similar questions from each year. Conditional probabilities for year 2011, 2001 and 1994 are then compared in search of presence of any difference of opinion between the respondents. It is observed that by the passage of time, due to the influence of the electronic media there is a change in the opinion about the values of the society among the youth. Although, there is a reduction in the proportion of "Dissatisfied group" within the society but negative perception is penetrating among our young generation specifically about Ulmah and Imam's role and women's due rights toward society.

International audience ; Background: The place of disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs and intra-articular hyaluronic acid in the therapeutic arsenal of knee osteoarthritis remains uncertain. Indeed, these treatments have demonstrated symptomatic efficacy but no efficacy for disease modification.Objective: This report reviews the cost effectiveness of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IAHA) and disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) used in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for articles was performed independently by 2 rheumatologists who used the same predefined eligible criteria. Papers without abstracts and in languages other than English or French were excluded. Extracted costs were annualized and converted to 2015 euros (€) by using the Consumer Price Index of the relevant countries and the 2013 Purchasing Power Parities between these countries and the European Union average.Results: A total of 95 abstracts were selected, and 13 articles were considered for the review. Nine articles were on IAHA and 4 articles on DMOADs. Only one article directly compared different IAHA compound. Articles showed substantial heterogeneity in methodological approaches. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) ranged from 4,000 to 57,550€ and from 240 to 53,225€ per QALY gained for DMOADs and IAHA respectively.Conclusions: This review highlights substantial heterogeneity between studies, ranging from cost saving (or dominating) position to very high ICERs, far above the acceptability threshold of 50,000 €/QALY. Additional research is needed to display reliable and robust ICER estimates for knee OA therapies.

Natural disasters are part of non-traditional threats that must be faced by the countries in the world. To handle this issue, the international community should improve their relations through cooperation. On March 14, 2015, Vanuatu, suffered Cyclone Pam which resulted in casualties and damage in the region. On behalf of humanity, Indonesia, as a country with great attention to disaster and who has the same of Melanesia brotherhood provide disaster relief to Vanuatu. The method used is qualitative. This paper attempts to answer how the process of providing disaster relief by Indonesia to Vanuatu and how disaster relief can be seen as a form of Indonesia's soft power diplomacy to Vanuatu. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews and literature study. The results showed the process of disaster relief is carried out in accordance with the three stages in the Emergency Decision Making Process which are assessing the situation and needs; determining goal and assistance; and implementing of response plans. Disaster relief is also a kind of Indonesia soft power diplomacy to Vanuatu to show a sense of humanity, to enhance friendship, and to maintain the integrity of the Republic of Indonesia sovereignty. After the disaster relief given by Indonesia government, relations between Indonesia and Vanuatu are starting to show shades of improvement. Cyclone Pam that happened in Vanuatu can be seen as a catalyst to improve the chances of good relations between Indonesia and Vanuatu and building cooperation in disaster management.

Cyanobacteria, phototrophic organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis, must adapt their metabolic processes to the challenges imposed by the succession of days and nights. Two conserved cyanobacterial proteins, PII and PipX, function as hubs of the nitrogen interaction network, forming complexes with a variety of diverse targets. While PII proteins are found in all three domains of life as integrators of signals of the nitrogen and carbon balance, PipX proteins are unique to cyanobacteria, where they provide a mechanistic link between PII signalling and the control of gene expression by the global nitrogen regulator NtcA. Here we demonstrate that PII and PipX display distinct localization patterns during diurnal cycles, co‐localizing into the same foci at the periphery and poles of the cells during dark periods, a circadian‐independent process requiring a low ATP/ADP ratio. Genetic, cellular biology and biochemical approaches used here provide new insights into the nitrogen regulatory network, calling attention to the roles of PII as energy sensors and its interactions with PipX in the context of essential signalling pathways. This study expands the contribution of the nitrogen regulators PII and PipX to integrate and transduce key environmental signals that allow cyanobacteria to thrive in our planet. ; The authors thank the Spanish and Valencian Governments for supporting grants (Gerónimo Forteza contract FPA/2015/052 to J.I.L) and (BFU2012-33364 and BFU2015-66360-P to A.C), and the Research technical Services of the University of Alicante (SSTTI-UA).

This article is an analysis of the British popular music publication Smash Hits at the peak of its commercial power in the late 1980s. Whereas academic attention has been diverted towards its early, more 'alternative' period in the late 1970s, as Railton suggests, like many similar publications it has not been widely studied within the academy and particularly not in relation to its engagement with overtly popular music. On the rare occasions it is discussed it is broadly dismissed as being conservative and overtly consumerist, merely a 'teen glossy' that provided posters for teenage girls' bedrooms. Through a content analysis of issues published in 1987, with a specific focus on an interview with Margaret Thatcher conducted by Smash Hits in March of that year, this article will attempt to redress this imbalance. It aims to demonstrate that as a guide to the politics of popular music and youth culture at the end of 'high Thatcherism', Smash Hits deserves to be studied with the same respect as it's more credible 'inkie' and 'indie' peers of the period. It will also suggest that the very nature of Smash Hits as a reflection of populist taste allowed it the scope to cover, as cultural texts, a range of musical performers and styles far broader than that seen in the indie press of the time and that, in turn, this allowed it to visualize key youth movements they ignored. Finally, it also outlines how its representation of gender, sexuality and race was very much at odds with mainstream, and specifically Thatcherite, ideals in this period.

End use energy efficiency and fuel poverty is one of the major issues in the UK social housing sector. It is estimated that about 10% of English households live in fuel poverty. During 2015 UK greenhouse gas emission final figures show that the net CO2 emission was reduced by 4.1% between 2014 and 2015. This shows that the UK is on course to attain its second carbon budget with annual 2013–2015 emissions that are each below the estimated level for the period. However, the housing sector lags with a 4% increase in emissions over the same period. More work needs to be done in this sector. Householders can adopt more efficient energy use approaches and make better lifestyle choices to save money and have a safer environment. This research addresses government priorities to reduce energy demand, meet CO2 reduction targets, and reduce domestic reliance on fossil fuels, offering protection from price risks and fuel poverty as well as providing more affordable and comfortable domestic environments. The proposed research paper deals with novel interaction methods on energy use in social housing and how the aforesaid issues can be reflected on. A detailed background study on existing interaction methods and ongoing development of a serious game trialled in 19 households has been carried out. It has been noted that displaying real-time utility use and indoor environmental conditions to householders increased awareness and impacted how energy is being consumed. Furthermore, the proposed paper will investigate end use energy profile pattern changes due to novel interaction methods.