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Cincinnati in the 1870's was the largest inland city in the nation. Much of its prosperity and growth it owed to the commerce which floated along its Ohio River boundary on the way between Pittsburgh and New Orleans. This traffic also sustained a unique African American culture -- saloonkeepers, boardinghouse operators, entertainers, and women who served the steamboat hands between trips. Into this great western metropolis came young Lafcadio Hearn, who after several tentative starts became a newspaper reporter first for the Enquirer and then for the Commercial. Hearn's twelve sketches -- here reprinted as a unit for the first time -- are perceptive and sympathetic, yet not highly subjective and romanticized. Collectively they form an important comprehensive picture of African American life in a border city just after the Civil War

Extra-pair paternity is widespread in passerine birds. The number of extra-pair young (EPY) varies among different species and populations of the same species. We tested if it is a case for a small passerine bird with poly-territorial behaviour, the Wood Warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix). The results are based on the microsatellite analysis of seven loci and revealed a high level of EPY in Central Russia population of Wood Warbler (EPY in 41% of all nests, 16 of 39 nests; 25% of all young were EPY, 52 of 212 young). We did not find relationship between relatedness among mates in the pair and the presence of EPY. There was no difference in heterozygosity and body mass between EPY and within pair young (WPY). Possible causes of extra-pair paternity are discussed.

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics between external corporate governance mechanisms and social engagement offers insights into how corporate strategies towards social capital are shaped. We explore the impact of hostile takeover threats on corporate social engagement by utilizing a measure of takeover vulnerability. This allows for a detailed examination of how exposure to takeover threats influences firms' engagement in social engagement initiatives. Our analysis reveals a positive and causal relation between the degree of takeover threats and the level of social commitments in firms, suggesting that the presence of hostile takeover threats enhances corporate social responsibility as a means of external governance and reduces agency costs. The findings support the hypothesis that the threat of hostile takeovers prompts firms to invest more in social commitments, potentially as a strategic defense mechanism.

This research is designed to examine the relationship between internalized transphobia of transgender people, resilience strategies and perception of their own body (body esteem). Regression analysis was used to study the association among these variables based on data collected from 100 respondents from Peshawar city (Pakistan) who identified themselves as transgenders. The scales for self-reported internalized transphobia, body esteem and resilience strategies were utilized as measures in this study. According to the findings, there is a strong negative relationship between internalized transphobia and resilience strategies. On the other hand, it was found that body esteem increases with increase in coping skills (resilience) among transgenders. These results highlight how resilience can help against internalized transphobia by fostering positive psychosexual outcomes such as body esteem.

We investigated the association between social support and negative emotions in Chinese people aged 65 years and over, by comparing those who still had a spouse with those who had been widowed. Data were drawn from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey of Elders.
The results showed that there were significant differences between those who were widowed and those whose spouse was still alive in terms of the negative emotions of uselessness and loneliness, but not anxiety. The more informal and formal social support (excluding economic support and medical
insurance) these older adults had, the fewer negative emotions they felt. These findings provide theoretical and practical insights for scholars who are researching the topic of old age, and also offer practical insights for older adults to maintain their health.

Abstract The circulation of bodies, objects, and information is intrinsic to the definition of city. However, what asymmetries in access arise from these movements and what mobility regimes stratify them within our globally interconnected world? By approaching mobility as both the object of analysis and the analytical framework, I propose the idea of "metropolis of network capital" to account for territorialities that organize themselves on a continuum between physical and digital spaces, in which multiscale movement becomes a "way of inhabiting." Such territorialities find, in the ambivalence of mobility – simultaneously a right and a coercive device –, their main factor of stratification. These epistemological reflections presuppose that cities are relational and politically contested spaces of systemic mobilities – the expression of intersections between infrastructures, materialities, and signs.

Abstract
Founded in 2008 through a partnership between Northwestern University and Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development (QF), Northwestern University in Qatar (NU-Q) educates creative, ethical, and impactful communicators, and contributes both to Northwestern's excellence and the rise of Qatar as a knowledge-based society. NU-Q's vision is multidisciplinary, multimodal, multilingual, and focused on the Global South as an intellectual and creative space for research and teaching. NU-Q positions itself as an "embedded institution" in which U.S. higher education overlaps with regional and "Southern" circuits of academic exchange that catalyze critical debates on enduring and emerging issues, and enables a relationship between the university and the world that is globally competitive and locally resonant. NU-Q is a distinctive university dedicated to that vision.

Prejudice and negative attitudes toward stronger gender-equality policies are often associated with personal traits such as sexism. An alternate perspective focuses on intergroup threats in resource-scarce situations, highlighting economic frustration. Centered on South Korea, this study examines the connection between deepening pessimistic economic perceptions among young men and their opposition to gender equality, based on intergroup threat theory. Analyzing data from the 2019 Unification Survey, we find that young Korean men expressed less support for gender-equality policies than other segments of the population. And among Korean men in their twenties, a pessimistic view of their economic status correlated with weaker endorsement of gender-equality policies. In contrast, we saw no significant link in this group between sexist attitudes and resistance to gender-equality policies.

In this article, I argue for an historical understanding of the relationship between ideology and utopia/utopianism that positions the latter as a specifically modern compensation for the loss of the cosmologically grounded, unitary ideology supplied by the late medieval Christian Church. This claim relies upon but revises Fredric Jameson's early theorization of the collaboration between ideology and utopia/utopianism, which emphasizes that utopian elements allow ideology to offer subjects a 'compensatory exchange' for their complicity. Developing my central argument requires considering the current viability of the 'secularization thesis', which classically associated modernization with secularization but which has undergone heavy criticism and revision by social scientists over the past half-century. These theoretical discussions, finally, are couched within a critical appraisal of the status of utopianism in contemporary politics.

The study investigated teacher factors and students' attitudes to Literature in English. The research focuses mainly on Ayedaade Local Government Area, Osun State. Two hundred SS II students and 20 teachers of Literature in English participated in the study. Teacher-Student Relationship Observation Schedule, Teacher Motivation Questionnaire, Teacher Teaching Style Observation Schedule, and Students' Attitude to Literature in English Questionnaire were used for data collection. The study showed a negative, insignificant relationship between teacher-student relationships and students' attitudes. The positive, low, non-significant relationship existed between teacher motivation teaching style and students' attitude. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that teachers should be trained and equipped with classroom engagement skills that would enable them to communicate effectively with the students.

Summary
In the 1940s, Abraham Myerson's work on drinking norms in the USA was central to reorienting the approach medical and scientific experts adopted when studying and treating alcoholism. A leading psychiatrist and neurologist from Boston, Myerson argued that tensions between alcohol's ability to satisfy a pleasure-seeking drive and the rise of asceticism had generated ambivalent social attitudes, traditions and expectations towards drinking. This article explores how Myerson identified and employed social factors to uncover the relationship between ambivalent drinking norms, one's gender, ethnic or religious background, and whether one would drink to excess. In doing so, it will illuminate how Myerson's innovative efforts to highlight the role of social attitudes and traditions in alcoholism ultimately helped shape the approach of medical science to the alcohol problem.

Abstract
Can democracies attract and elect politicians who are both high-ability and from diverse backgrounds? Using data covering the entire Danish population, including every candidate for local and national elections in 1990–2015, we explore the selection of political candidates. We show that Danish candidates and elected politicians have higher ability than the voters they represent, that selection on ability reflects individual skills rather than social background, that politicians are selected from economically diverse backgrounds, and that there is no substantial trade-off between ability and representation. Furthermore, we utilize a major structural reform, which significantly reduced the number of municipalities in Denmark, to show that increased political competition did not affect politicians' ability, economic background, or the trade-off between the two.

This study aims to assess the convergences and divergences of Special Education and Social Education in a school context, seeking to investigate the relationship between these two domains in a school context and understand how Higher Social Education Technicians (TSES) and teachers of Special Education perceive these relationships in the work they develop with students. A sample composed of seven Special Education teachers and seven Higher Social Education Technicians (TSES) from different geographical areas of Portugal was studied. As a data collection instrument, we used the questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The results obtained made it possible to sustain the relationship and complementarity between Special Education and Social Education, looking at the student as a whole, considering the educational, social, personal, cultural and psychological dimensions.

AbstractMultinational enterprises (MNEs) face increasing institutional complexity as they expand internationally, which has a significant effect on their corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy. In this study, we investigate an under‐explored difference between MNEs' employee and environmental CSR disclosure quality concerning the extent to which CSR reports are indicative of substantive activities. We propose that as international diversification increases institutional complexity, MNEs lower the disclosure quality of environmental CSR yet improve the disclosure quality of employee CSR due to their different institutional implications. In addition, we examine the effect of MNEs' home country cultural differences regarding uncertainty avoidance on the relationship between international diversification and employee and environmental disclosure quality. Based on a sample of 335 global MNEs from 31 countries, we found general support for our hypotheses.

This article focuses on the social existence of the Jain community, as exhibited in literary production in early modern India. The existing historiography sometimes tends to make Jain epistemology subservient to contemporary political culture. One must be cautious in approaching the tension between identitarian stability and identitarian volatility and between social textures and cultural mobility beyond the binarities of literary cultures and mundane survival with reference to our existing knowledge of Jainology. The volatile world of religiosity in early modern India tended to shape circumstances that both enforced and drew upon polemical meanings arising out of hybrid identities and cultural intermediacy. Therein lie diverse and multiple possibilities of literary discourse on the multiple religious identities at the core of the histories of Jainism in early modern South Asia.