Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- Toward a global community: the emergence of the modern idea of literature. The divided legacy of the Republic of Letters: emancipation and trauma -- The fissured identity of literature: national universalism and/or cosmopolitan nationalism -- The Janus face of literary bildung: education and/or self-formation? -- Who voices universal history? Kant's "Mankind" and/or Herder's "Nature" -- Who worlds the literature? Goethe's weltliteratur and globalization -- An observer under observation: the cosmopolitan legacy of modern theory. Interiorizing the exteriority: the cosmopolitan authorization of the theoretical truth -- The narrative of permanent displacement: early German romanticism and its theoretical afterlife -- The oppositional literary transcendental: the Russian formalist rewriting of early romanticist cosmopolitanism -- The all-devouring modern mind: Bakhtin's cosmopolitan self -- Countering the empirical evidence: from immigrant cosmopolitanism to a cosmopolitanism of the disregarded -- Political and/or literary community: from class to messianic cosmopolitanism -- Literature as deterritorialization: new vistas for democracy? -- Epilogue

The thesis of this paper is that despite the so-called breakthrough in the study of International Relations following the behavioral revolution of the 1960s, this field is still Anglo-saxon, particularly American-centered. The paper's emphasis then is on the widening of International Relations as a field of analysis and the bringing in of differing approaches so that this field becomes truly universal as its name indicates.
To review the evolution of this field, the paper is divided into two main parts of unequal length. The short part one review s Kuhn's scheme concerning the different stages in the evolution of science. The long part two applies this scheme to the study of International Relations and characterizes it as in a state of crisis, because of its lack of a consensual paradigm to guide analysis and research. It emphasises that the division between schools is not only methodological, but especially epistemological and ideological. Consequently, the paper analyses in detail the different arguments of four schools : Realism, Behavioralism, Marxism, and Neo-Marxism and Dependencia.

In this Essay, the proposition the author draws from the narrative of the endangered species litigation is derivatively Aristotelian – that we must consciously, actively, and explicitly integrate an informed consideration of human politics into what we teach and do in environmental law. The proposition is not that we should steep ourselves in party politics, although there are interesting observations aplenty that could be made on the direct consequences that the two major parties (and occassionally their wistful smaller incarnations) have on the evolution of environmental law. The proposition offered here operates at two different levels: practical politics and political overview. This proposition, especially its latter portion, risks the criticism that it is just a mite grandiose. But it reflects the fact that most of us in this field believe environmental law is different from other fields of law. And, in terms of human governance, most of us in this field have repeatedly discovered that, if you scratch away at the surface of almost any issue or controversy in environmental law, pretty soon you will be looking at some of the very most fundamental questions of democratic government.