Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- Soft power, country image and media-policy interrelations in international politics -- Media perception and influencing factors. The changing images of China : a longitudinal representation in the European transnational media -- The changing images of the EU : a longitudinal representation in The people's daily -- News media-foreign policy interrelations. China's national interests, foreign policy and the media coverage of the EU -- Media influence : media coverage and the EU's China policy-making -- Policy indexing : media coverage and the EU's human rights policy regarding China -- Discussions and conclusions

Current evidence on European regional innovation systems efficiency shows some conflicting results. Whereas some studies find support to a core-periphery distribution of efficiency, others find that lagging regions can be as well or even more efficient than rich regions in using their resources. This paper contributes to this debatable topic by providing additional evidence on the main determinants of the region's innovation efficiency and on efficiency differentials across EU regional innovation systems. Using data from 206 European regions and applying a stochastic production frontier methodology, our results corroborate the importance of interactions among regional agents on the region's efficiency score. More importantly, the distribution of efficiency scores across regional innovation systems does not entirely confirm the core-periphery divide among European regions. Instead, the mode of doing innovation appears to be a crucial explanatory factor of innovation efficiency at regional level. In the case of Portuguese regional innovation systems, they perform slightly below the average of their EU counterparts, except Lisbon's, and appear to be constrained by their mode of doing innovation. ; This work was carried out within the funding with COMPETE reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006683 (UID/ECO/03182/2013), with the FCT/MEC's (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) financial support through national funding and by the ERDF through the operational program on "Competitiveness and Internalization-COMPETE 2020 under the PT2020 Partnership ...

This paper examines the feasibility of network governance in the context of the EU's expansion in the Western Balkans. The EU is formally committed to promoting network governance but the realities of enlargement require the creation of effective states, in other words of the primacy of hierarchy over network. Networks are created in enlargement and reflect the complexities of public policy but these networks do not represent, as yet, a significant shift of power away from the state. Despite a normative preference for network governance, the political reality of enlargement is that the EU seeks the creation of effective hierarchy.

AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ HUKUKUNDAİNTERNETTE TELİF HAKLARININ KORUNMASIDOKTORA TEZİASLI DENİZ HELVACIOĞLUÖZYeni teknolojilerin geliştirilmesi ve ekonominin küreselleşmesi, iş dünyasını değiştirerek, yeni bir araç olan interneti gündeme getirmiştir. Bu tez, internetin büyümesi ile ortaya çıkan fikri mülkiyet hakları konularına odaklanmakta ve Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye'de telif haklarının korunması ve kullanılması üzerinde durmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği'nin dijital ortamda telif haklarına yönelik yaklaşımının anlaşılması amacıyla Avrupa Birliği'nin yaklaşımının hukuki çerçevesini oluşturan Telif Hakları Direktifi, Veritabanı Direktifi ve Yazılım Direktifi ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiş ve telif haklarının uluslararası çerçevesinin temelini oluşturan WIPO Internet Antlaşmaları ve TRIPS de inceleme kapsamında yer almıştır. Tez telif hakları ihlallerine yol açan güncel sorunlar üzerinde durmakta ve bu sorunlara ait yasal çözüm ve stratejileri Avrupa Briliği ve Türk hukuk düzenlemelerini detaylı bir şekilde inceleyerek belirlemektedir. Tezin temel sorunsalı Avrupa Birliği'nde uygulanmakta olan telif hakları korunmasının internet üzerinde bir geleceği olup olmayacağı ve bu bağlamda Türkiye'nin telif haklarının internet ortamında korunması alanında Avrupa Birliği ile uyumlu bir hukuki yapıya sahip olup olmadığıdır. Tez içerisinde Türkiye'de yürürlükte olan telif hakları detaylı bir şekilde incelenerek, Avrupa Birliği uyum sürecinde internet ortamında telif haklarının korunması konusunda Avrupa Birliği'nde var olan hukuki düzenlemeler ile karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Avrupa Birliği hukuki yapısı telif haklaırna yönelik tek bir Avrupa Birliği düzenlemesinin uygulanmasını ve bu düzenlemenin sadece Avrupa Birliği fiziki alanında değil, aday ülkelerde de uygulamada olmasını öngörmektedir. THE COPYRIGHT PROTECTIONON THE INTERNETIN THE EUROPEAN UNIONDOKTORA TEZİASLI DENİZ HELVACIOĞLUABSTRACTThe development of new technologies and the globalization of the economy changed the business environment, introducing the new medium; Internet. This thesis focuses on the intellectual property issues raised by the growth of Internet with a special emphasis to the exploitation and the protection of copyright in the European Union and Turkey. A basic understanding of EU approach to copyright in the digital environment is targeted by a deep analysis of the three pillars of the EU legal framework; Copyright Directive, Database Directive and Software Directive with a special focus to the fundamentals of copyright protection in the international legal framework of WIPO Internet Treaties and TRIPS. It explores the current cyberspace issues which challenge the copyright protection and concentrates on the regulatory responses and strategies in relation with them by both analyzing Turkish and European Union legislation. The thesis questions whether EU copyright protection will have a future on the Internet and whether the copyright protection in Turkey copes with that of European Union. A special concentration is given to the Turkish legislation by comparisons with that of the EU in order to create an outlook of the EU legal harmonization on copyright protection in the digital environment. The European legal framework, in this regard tries to emphasis a unique application for copyright protection solely for the physical area of the Union including the candidate countries, which indeed is to be adopted by Turkey as a part of her candidate status.

The purpose of this article is to provide a comparative analysis of policies aimed at foreign investors in the new member states of the European Union as well as in the developing countries of Asia. The policies demonstrate certain similarities in spite of the fact that the analyzed world economic regions are subject to different conditions. A common feature is the opening up of economies to foreign investors, coupled with the application of certain incentives intended to increase the attractiveness of the country to foreign investors. Countries strive to modernize their economies with the help of foreign capital. The developing countries of Asia, in contrast to the new member states of the European Union, are not restricted in their policies with respect to foreign investors by the requirements of regional economic integration.

The purpose of this article is to provide a comparative analysis of policies aimed at foreign investors in the new member states of the European Union as well as in the developing countries of Asia. The policies demonstrate certain similarities in spite of the fact that the analyzed world economic regions are subject to different conditions. A common feature is the opening up of economies to foreign investors, coupled with the application of certain incentives intended to increase the attractiveness of the country to foreign investors. Countries strive to modernize their economies with the help of foreign capital. The developing countries of Asia, in contrast to the new member states of the European Union, are not restricted in their policies with respect to foreign investors by the requirements of regional economic integration.

The economic performance of European countries was in general disappointing in the nineties. However, country difference increased, as it was that in some European countries economic growth and productivity accelerated or could match US rates. This paper uses a broad set of performance indicators - plus some deliberate choices - to carve out a group of successful countries and to compare their economic strategy to that of the low performing large European economies. The analysis shows that these successful countries used a policy mixture of cost cutting, improving institutions, and investing in future growth. We consider the first two strategy elements as preconditions, the investment in growth drivers as the sufficient condition for longrun growth. The difference between top and low performers is the largest for investments into determinants of future growth such as research, education and the diffusion of new technologies. The top countries surpassed the large European countries in research outlays in 1988 and are steadily increasing their lead since that time. The top performers are welfare states with a comprehensive social net, which they maintained in principle, while improving the incentive structure and the inner workings of their institutions. The results are not in line with the usual twin hypotheses that high welfare costs and insufficient labour market flexibility are responsible for European underperformance.

The article aims to analyse the local autonomy in three groups of Member States of the European Union in transitional perspective. The examples of the Member States with experience and administrative tradition could inspire for concrete measures in strengthening local autonomy. At the same time, the states from the ex-socialist space represent a model in overcoming communist regimes and building the local layer and free organisation of the local public administration. In the same context, the particular development path of the Baltic countries become relevant. The experience of different categories of European countries highlights concrete lessons learned or valuable experience that can be treated as good examples for other countries in the region. The local autonomy development process in each country is influenced by certain factors, both internally and externally. For a comprehensive view in research elaboration were applied several scientific methods. The juridicallegal perspective of the topic was ensured due to exploring of legislative, normative and methodological materials regulating local autonomy and local public administration in the analysed countries. Comparative method was useful in terms of analysing the same countries of a certain European groups, but also between different groups. The bibliographic analysis supposed studying foreign scientific literature and the domestic sources. The actuality of the research topic relates to the importance of the local autonomy in the context of local development and the increasing significance of the local public administration. The European models and the lessons learned from their experience are absolutely relevant in the context of the transition systems in the region such as Eastern Partnership countries. In conclusion, the simplicity of the local administrative system in terms of one layer of local administration, allows for a transparent and direct implementation of functional autonomy, as is the case of the Baltic countries. For ex-socialist states concrete reforms and fast measures had worked efficiently. The European countries with administrative tradition apply a hybrid style of local autonomy, regionalisation becoming an increasingly widespread practice.

With the central and eastern European countries (CEECs) increasingly included into the international division of labour in the European economic space, we are prompted to ask whether this integration operates on a level playing field with respect to competition policy. In fact, our analysis reveals that effectiveness of implementation of competition law and policy and intensity of competition are lower in the CEECs. We find no reason to believe that the new eastern EU members struggle with the recent reforms of competition policy in the EU, nor do we see the necessity for policy action to spur effective implementation. Adapted from the source document.