Suchergebnisse

Current agricultural systems account for approximately 20% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (IPCC, 2014). A growing population, depleting key resources (oil and phosphorous1), loss of farm lands and the risk of changing climatic conditions highlight the need for a dramatic change to our global food network. As a response to this globalized, industrial model of agriculture, localized food systems are less fossil fuel intensive due to reduced transport and processing needs, as well as small-scale farming methods (Neff et al., 2011). Local food systems are not only ecologically sustainable, but also socially just, increasing the availability of food, creating livelihoods, and strengthening the relationship between farmers and consumers in the community. Project Objectives: 1. Identify a successful policy environment for small-scale urban food systems to flourish and improve farmer livelihoods 2. Assess the role of non-governmental actors in influencing policy development 3. Learn how small-scale urban farms and related stakeholders develop resilience against climate change and fossil fuel related contingencies This project is completed in partnership with Village Vancouver Transition Society. The goal of this project is to inform further policy development to create a more resilient food system within the Village Vancouver Transition Society's overarching timeline of 2040. This research project identifies local, sustainable food initiatives in Vancouver and evaluates the public policies that enable the initiatives' successful implementation. Through examining policy documents and interviewing local food system actors, current laws, bylaws and strategies governing urban food systems were assessed. Barriers to growth were identified from survey and interview responses, and are broadly categorized into economic, resource, and marketplace barriers (summarized below). Addressing these barriers, increasing awareness and continuing sustainable farming practices will allow small scale farmers to scale up their production and operations to build a more resilient local urban food system. The findings of this research lead to a plethora of recommendations to local food system actors and governmental organizations to develop resilience to climate change and oil scarcity. ; Science, Faculty of ; Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of ; Unreviewed ; Undergraduate

Dos grandes enfoques han orientado la actuación del movimiento de mujeres y las feministas desde la promulgación de la Constitución de 1991 que no se excluyen y que han sido simultáneamente desarrolladas por el movimiento de mujeres y las feministas. Unas actuaciones son más de incidencia y otras de resistencia. La actuación del movimiento haciendo incidencia se ha dirigido al desarrollo normativo, la institucionalización, la formulación de políticas, e implementación de programas de mujer y género, para la superación de la desigualdad. Junto a la incidencia, se ha desarrollado en forma simultánea una actuación política de resistencia que ha sido una respuesta del movimiento de mujeres, ante la intensificación del conflicto armado y de los impactos perversos en la vida de las mujeres ; Two major approaches have guided the actions of the women's movement and feminists since the enactment of the 1991 Constitution are not excluded and have been simultaneously developed by the women's movement and feminists. Some actions are more and incidence of resistance. The performance impact of the movement has led to policy development, institution building, policy formulation and implementation of programs for women and gender, to overcome inequality. Along with the impact has been developed in parallel a political resistance which has been a response from the women's movement, before the intensification of armed conflict and the adverse impacts on the lives of women. Two major approaches have guided the actions of the women's movement and feminists since the enactment of the 1991 Constitution are not excluded and have been simultaneously developed by the women's movement and feminists. Some actions are more and incidence of resistance. The performance impact of the movement has led to policy development, institution building, policy formulation and implementation of programs for women and gender, to overcome inequality. Along with the impact has been developed in parallel a political resistance which has been a response from the women's movement, before the intensification of armed conflict and the adverse impacts on the lives of women.

A thesis submitted to the University of Bedfordshire in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ; Extractive industries (including oil, gas and mining) generally afford an opportunity for the host government to generate the revenue to fund sustainable growth and development. It is therefore not surprising for conventional economic theory to suggest this is a readily available revenue source for resource blessed countries. However, contrary to this reasonable expectation, several of these economies were found to be suffering a financial handicap. Nigeria, despite being the largest crude oil producer in Africa and the tenth largest in the world, has so far found realising the full financial benefits of this nature's gift unattainable. Using both qualitative and quantitative data as well as grounded theory in the analysis of the qualitative data, this research work has been carried out to develop a model of Nigerian oil industry using System Dynamics modelling methodology in order to understand these challenges. Specifically, the research develops an System Dynamics model to capture and quantify the various potential revenue streams to the Nigerian government from the oil (petroleum) industry with the objective of providing an explanatory model of the causal factors and then using the model to construct policy experiments in order to evaluate policies that may optimise these revenues. Findings show that, the development of the model for the Nigerian oil industry was successfully undertaken. The model was used to evaluate two government policy interventions that were aimed at improving government revenue from the industry. Moreover, a range of alternative scenarios which suggested increase of transparency policy, reduction of rate of gas flare and reduction of time taken for repairs of vandalised facilities were used in the model. The relevant system actors in the Nigerian oil industry were impressed with the modelling idea, particularly in its ability to represents all the economic challenges facing the industry, which offered a better understanding of the system they are dealing with. Overall, the model was able to depict some potential policy points thus serving as a decision-making tool.

Early childhood is one of the most influential developmental life stages. Attainments at this stage will have implications for the quality of life children experience as they transition to adulthood. Children residing in remote Australia are exposed to socioeconomic disadvantage that can contribute to developmental delays and resultant poorer education and health outcomes. Complex contributing factors in far west New South Wales have resulted in children with speech and fine motor skill delays experiencing no to limited access to allied health services for a number of decades. More recently, growing awareness that no single policy, government agency, or program could effectively respond to these complexities or ensure appropriate allied health service access for children in these communities has led to the development of the Allied Health in Outback Schools Program, which has been operational since 2009. The program is underpinned by cross-sector partnerships and a shared aspirational aim to improve the developmental outcomes of children to enhance their later life opportunities. It was identified early that the initiative had the potential to deliver mutually beneficial outcomes for communities and participating partner organisations.Over the last five years the program has been the catalyst for partnership consolidation, expansion and diversification. The developmental evaluation approach to continuous program adaptation and refinement has provided valuable insights that have informed health and education policy and enabled the program to be responsive to changing community needs, emerging policy and funding reforms.This article explores the evolution of the program partnerships, their contribution to program success and longevity, and their capacity to respond to an emergent and dynamic environment. The authors propose that a community-centred and developmental approach to program innovation and implementation in remote locations is required. This is based on the premise that contemporary linear, logic-based policy development and funding allocations, with predetermined program deliverables and outcomes, are no longer capable of responding appropriately to the complexities experienced by remote communities.Keywords: allied health, remote communities, cross-sectoral partnerships, service learning

RETRACTEDIn this article the writer analyses the development peculiarities of the Tajik-Russian geopolitical relations during the establishment of Tajikistan foreign policy up to the commencement of multi-vector «open doors» policy in 2003-2004. Since the establishment of peace and stability in Tajikistan beginning from the year of 2000 the socio-economic development issues have been set as prior actions. To boost the economy, attraction of foreign investments, creation of new jobs and improvement of life standard of population were the issues to address. Political leaders of Tajikistan had no right to waste time making no headway. The country inevitably faced the issue of diversification of interstate and foreign economic relations, including outside the CIS. The article highlights that the foreign «open door» policy declared at the turn of2002-2003 implied mandatory modernization of the Tajik-Russian cooperation through strengthening its economic and human dimensions, adjusting the strategic partnership and alliance between the two states to the new global political realities. As to the geopolitical and military-political priorities, which Tajikistan had firmly adhered throughout the entire 1990th since its Independence, they actually remained unchanged even after 2002. The author points out the long-term Russian presence in the form of a large scale military base and military infrastructure on the territory of Tajikistan. The Republic is one of the most consistent, active and disciplined members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization. During the first decade of the XXI century the political leaders of Tajikistan had been receiving offers from foreign non CIS countries with regard to deployment of military facilities on a fee basis on the territory of Tajikistan which were not even considered by the Government. Thus, the multi-vector foreign policy of «open doors» has been reflected in diversification of the international relations of Tajikistan, in demonopolization of trade and economic priorities, in attraction of foreign investments and military-technical assistance from the third countries (other than CIS and CSTO countries) but completely preserving the geopolitical and military-political priorities established until 2002.

Dos grandes enfoques han orientado la actuación del movimiento de mujeres y las feministas desde la promulgación de la Constitución de 1991 que no se excluyen y que han sido simultáneamente desarrolladas por el movimiento de mujeres y las feministas. Unas actuaciones son más de incidencia y otras de resistencia. La actuación del movimiento haciendo incidencia se ha dirigido al desarrollo normativo, la institucionalización, la formulación de políticas, e implementación de programas de mujer y género, para la superación de la desigualdad. Junto a la incidencia, se ha desarrollado en forma simultánea una actuación política de resistencia que ha sido una respuesta del movimiento de mujeres, ante la intensificación del conflicto armado y de los impactos perversos en la vida de las mujeres. ; Two major approaches have guided the actions of the women's movement and feminists since the enactment of the 1991 Constitution are not excluded and have been simultaneously developed by the women's movement and feminists. Some actions are more and incidence of resistance. The performance impact of the movement has led to policy development, institution building, policy formulation and implementation of programs for women and gender, to overcome inequality. Along with the impact has been developed in parallel a political resistance which has been a response from the women's movement, before the intensification of armed conflict and the adverse impacts on the lives of women. Two major approaches have guided the actions of the women's movement and feminists since the enactment of the 1991 Constitution are not excluded and have been simultaneously developed by the women's movement and feminists. Some actions are more and incidence of resistance. The performance impact of the movement has led to policy development, institution building, policy formulation and implementation of programs for women and gender, to overcome inequality. Along with the impact has been developed in parallel a political resistance which has been a response from the women's movement, before the intensification of armed conflict and the adverse impacts on the lives of women.

Early childhood is one of the most influential developmental life stages. Attainments at this stage will have implications for the quality of life children experience as they transition to adulthood. Children residing in remote Australia are exposed to socioeconomic disadvantage that can contribute to developmental delays and resultant poorer education and health outcomes. Complex contributing factors in far west New South Wales have resulted in children with speech and fine motor skill delays experiencing no to limited access to allied health services for a number of decades. More recently, growing awareness that no single policy, government agency, or program could effectively respond to these complexities or ensure appropriate allied health service access for children in these communities has led to the development of the Allied Health in Outback Schools Program, which has been operational since 2009. The program is underpinned by cross-sector partnerships and a shared aspirational aim to improve the developmental outcomes of children to enhance their later life opportunities. It was identified early that the initiative had the potential to deliver mutually beneficial outcomes for communities and participating partner organisations.Over the last five years the program has been the catalyst for partnership consolidation, expansion and diversification. The developmental evaluation approach to continuous program adaptation and refinement has provided valuable insights that have informed health and education policy and enabled the program to be responsive to changing community needs, emerging policy and funding reforms.This article explores the evolution of the program partnerships, their contribution to program success and longevity, and their capacity to respond to an emergent and dynamic environment. The authors propose that a community-centred and developmental approach to program innovation and implementation in remote locations is required. This is based on the premise that contemporary linear, logic-based policy development and funding allocations, with predetermined program deliverables and outcomes, are no longer capable of responding appropriately to the complexities experienced by remote communities.Keywords: allied health, remote communities, cross-sectoral partnerships, service learning

The aim of the article is to analyze theWeimar Triangle's influence on the European security, focusing on the Polish-German and French-German relations, as they play a key role in forming a geostrategic and geopolitical structure in the European context. The way in which the European Union's member states cooperated with Poland is a symbol of reconciliation for those three great nations. The objective of this initiative was to transform an area of the bygone fierce European wars into a pillar of the continent's security. According to the author, theWeimar Triangle may serve as a perfect example of how the differences between the Central andWestern Europe in terms of the standards of living could be reduced and how the technological and civilizational gulf could be neutralized in order to guarantee peace and stability in the whole of Europe. Nowadays, the foundation and development of ESDP/CSDP is a chance for good inter-ally relations, while the most serious challenges for the Triangle's countries include dealing with both the eastern policy and energy policy. ; The aim of the article is to analyze theWeimar Triangle's influence on the European security, focusing on the Polish-German and French-German relations, as they play a key role in forming a geostrategic and geopolitical structure in the European context. The way in which the European Union's member states cooperated with Poland is a symbol of reconciliation for those three great nations. The objective of this initiative was to transform an area of the bygone fierce European wars into a pillar of the continent's security. According to the author, theWeimar Triangle may serve as a perfect example of how the differences between the Central andWestern Europe in terms of the standards of living could be reduced and how the technological and civilizational gulf could be neutralized in order to guarantee peace and stability in the whole of Europe. Nowadays, the foundation and development of ESDP/CSDP is a chance for good inter-ally relations, while the most serious challenges for the Triangle's countries include dealing with both the eastern policy and energy policy.

In addition to discussing current trends and requirements for reform in the Federal Government's research and innovation policy, in its 2011 report the Commission focuses on four main points. In Chapter B 1, firstly, it discusses the tensions between Federal and Länder competencies in education, research and innovation policy. It calls for elimination of the prohibition on competition in education policy and for introduction of consistent distribution of responsibilities between the Federal Government and the Länder for financing of all nonuniversity research institutions. In Chapter B 2 the Expert Commission considers the European dimension of research and innovation, which has been gaining importance since 2000. It recommends that the Federal Government take a stronger role in the European co-ordination process – Germany must lead in the area of research and innovation, if it is to play a useful role in shaping the European Research Area. In Chapter B 3, the Expert Commission comments on the discussion relative to network neutrality. For the sake of innovation, it is vital that the Internet remains open in this regard – and the Expert Commission would like to see the Federal Government play a more active role on behalf of network neutrality. In Chapter B 4, the Expert Commission considers the still largely ignored role of those innovators who succeed even without undertaking research activities. Innovation processes do not conform to simple logical rules. Consequently, research and innovation policy concepts must be open, able to provide latitude for innovators without research and development (R&D) of their own. In its report, the Expert Commission again notes that the idea of introducing tax-based R&D support urgently needs to return to the political agenda. Similar priority needs to be given to providing a legal framework for business angels and venture-capital providers; such a framework is still lacking. Over the past few years, a good basis has been created for the development of Germany's research and innovation sector. But if lasting growth and prosperity are to assured in Germany, research and innovation in Germany will have to be additionally and substantially reinforced.

In an environment of growing globalization, which goes along with a relative increase of factor mobility, the role of territories and its competitiveness is under debate. In order to spur local attraction territories often enter in competition with each other. At this respect it is commonplace that governments at various territorial levels apart from other public and private institutions concern about providing the conditions that make attractive their countries, regions or cities for productive activities and in so doing they get involved in the race for competitiveness. Even though competition involves the actions of multiple actors, these often are connected with each other through local policy makers. By and large, local government and regional development policy are regarded to play a central function in territorial competition and in fact can be considered that the competitive success of regions and cities cannot be achieved without the active action of local governments. To the extent to which governments are more conscious about the actual territorial competitive environment they will try to formulate more policies for the development of competitive capabilities. The actions and efforts may take many forms (marketing, assisting local businesses, constructing infrastructure, information and land provision, taxation and so on). Particularly governments may use programs or apply funds, which are available as a result of national or regional policy, to attend to local interests. However local governments' actions depend to a large extent on their financial capabilities. The federal government in Mexico provides most of the financial support to states and municipalities on an ongoing basis through transfers and participations. These are federal transfers supporting specific policy areas or unconditional transfers.This paper is concerned with presenting an integrated framework for territorial competition analysis which emphasises the fundamental role of local government action and assessing the role of federal aid on the competitive results of Mexican regions. The methodology proposed will develop a series of competitive results indicators for Mexican regions and use a multivariate analysis to assess the influence of transfers and participations. The periods include those years when Mexico has been and opened and liberalised economy.

AbstractNeoliberalism has dominated policy discourse and policy formulation for at least two decades and has been particularly influential in reshaping housing systems and housing opportunities. The timing, pace and impact of these policy developments have, however, varied between and within societies. This article explores the experiences of Japan and the UK as a way of illustrating that while there has been a shared discourse of neoliberalism, there have been important contextual differences in relation to the economic cycle, welfare systems and political complexion. These have affected the progress and development of neoliberal policy reforms in housing and in other related spheres and the extent of global financial integration. In both countries, a key social change is the striking reduction in levels of home ownership among younger age groups. The article explores the common and different causes and consequences of these trends and points to the significance of these emerging generational fissions for the neoliberal project.Résumé Cela fait au moins vingt ans que le néolibéralisme a envahi le discours et la formulation de l'action publique. Son influence a été considérable sur la reconfiguration des systèmes et des opportunités de logement. Le moment, le rythme et l'impact de ces évolutions politiques ont néanmoins varié d'une sociétéà une autre, et au sein de chacune. Les expériences du Japon et du Royaume‐Uni sont examinées ici afin de montrer que, malgré un discours néolibéral commun, on peut repérer de nettes différences contextuelles en lien avec le cycle économique, les systèmes de protection sociale et la coloration politique. Ces facteurs ont pesé sur la progression et l'ampleur des réformes politiques néolibérales dans le domaine du logement et d'autres sphères connexes, ainsi que sur la portée de l'intégration financière mondiale. Les deux pays révèlent une transformation sociale cruciale: les propriétaires de leur logement sont en forte diminution dans les tranches d'âge les plus jeunes. L'étude s'intéresse aux causes, communes et différentes, ainsi qu'aux conséquences de ces tendances, tout en marquant l'importance, pour le projet néolibéral, de ces ruptures générationnelles récentes.

The article analyzes the concept of public diplomacy, clarifies the previous forms of implementation of the "soft power" concept in world politics and in Ukraine. The practical implementation's peculiarities of the diplomacy new forms in the period of hybrid conflicts are pointed out. The experience of the world's leading players in the field of political propaganda and its modernized forms of communication is considered. World history knows many examples of departure from normalized diplomatic relations, namely by influencing the society of another state in order to achieve its goals. The role of cultural diplomacy as a component of public diplomacy and its tools in popularizing Ukraine and promoting the national interests of the state is substantiated. The examples of the work of new institutional structures formed on the basis of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy, whose task is to develop public and cultural diplomacy, show their particularly important role in external aggression and negative propaganda against Ukraine. The need to promote socio-cultural projects both inside and outside the country is indicated, and the strengthening of the project component in the external communication sphere is especially effective. The active steps of the Ukrainian authorities to form a positive image of Ukraine among the world community are noted. The purpose of this study is to determine the context of the formation and development of public diplomacy, to outline its institutionalization in the world and in Ukraine. To find out the successes and challenges of the declared political sphere at the present stage. To reveal the most successful forms of its realization.

This research is based on the problems of school-age irregularities that occur due to thenegative globalization has been followed and affect the life of the community, especially school-aged children in Indragiri Hilir Regency. The regional autonomy system that gives the autonomous regions the authority, authority and obligation to regulate and manage their own governmental affairs and the interests of the community both in terms of regional development and regulation of community life, in this case through the right of DPRD initiative, Commission IV of DPRD in charge of education His sense of responsibility for making regulations and guidelines for better quality management and education.By using qualitative research method, that is by explaining, describing result of research to describe an event and process and certain condition from result of collecting research data by using data collecting technique in the form of literature study to conduct study on literatures related to research title, interview ( Interview) to dig information through question and answer communication to informants or respondents from this research and by conducting documentation of documentation related to this aspect of research which then the data in the analysis by grouping, describing, researching the data to then be described And presented in descriptive form to complete the scientific work of the title of this study.The result of this research, the formulation process of policy formulation about can read Al- Qur'an long enough start from planning of Ranperda, Discussion with Executive and Legislative through 2 (two) speaking level that is high level I and II to then set And classify the mind Sheet of Indragiri Hilir regency in 2012.

Die öffentlichen Haushalte werden in den Jahren 2016 und 2017 mit Überschüssen abschließen; gemessen an der nominalen Wirtschaftsleistung liegen sie in beiden Jahren bei etwa einem halben Prozent. Steuereinnahmen und Sozialbeiträge nehmen kräftig zu, die Ausgaben expandieren im Prognosezeitraum allerdings etwas stärker - wenngleich um deutlich weniger, als noch vor kurzem erwartet werden konnte, denn der Zustrom von Geflüchteten dürfte deutlich geringer sein als bisher angenommen. Bei sich einengenden Finanzierungsspielräumen, insbesondere beim Bund, sollten die verbleibenden Möglichkeiten genutzt werden, um die Chancen auf künftiges Wachstum zu verbessern. Die in den vergangenen Jahren bereitgestellten zusätzlichen Mittel für Investitionen reichen nicht, den zum Teil noch immer hohen Bedarf zu decken. Sie sollten aufgestockt werden und es muss dafür Sorge getragen werden, dass die Gelder dort ankommen, wo der Investitionsstau hoch ist. Angesichts der demografischen Entwicklung sollte die Politik zudem die Anreize zur Arbeitsaufnahme verbessern und die in Deutschland im europäischen Vergleich hohe Belastung mit Sozialbeiträgen zurückführen. Eine stärkere Steuerfinanzierung versicherungsfremder Leistungen wäre der geeignete Weg. ; Public budgets will conclude 2016 and 2017 with surpluses. In percent of nominal GDP, these surpluses will amount to half a percent for each year. Tax revenues and social contributions are showing strong growth, but expenditure is expected to increase slightly more over the forecast period-albeit at rates much lower than those of recent predictions due to the number of incoming asylum seekers being lower than expected. With regard to the narrow budgetary margins, especially in the case of the federal government, the surpluses should be used to improve the likelihood of future growth. The additional expenditure on investment in recent years has not been sufficient to cover requirements, which are still rather high. Spending on investment should be increased and distributed to where the investment backlog is high. Moreover, given the demographic development, policy should be designed to improve incentives to work as well as alleviate Germany's relatively high burden (comparedto other European countries) through social security contributions. This could be achieved through an increase in the tax financing of non-insurance benefits.

Summary
Public diplomacy's scholarship and practice are evolving and seeking to adapt to the expanding interests, expectations, connectivity and mobility of the publics that have come to define the field in an organic fashion. The characteristic distinction between international and domestic publics as the key to defining the practice of public diplomacy is increasingly challenged by public audiences that are no longer constrained by such traditional delineations. The attention on the involvement of domestic publics in public diplomacy, or its domestic dimension, has to be understood within this context. This article aims to cast further light on public diplomacy's domestic dimension, with Canada and Australia — two countries that have much in common — as the launch pads for discussion. The article's first section investigates the approach and development of public diplomacy's domestic dimension in both countries and draws out the similarities and differences. The second section identifies the opportunities, challenges and tendencies in its practice as well as the conceptual implications. The article finds that while differences in approach remain, Canada and Australia have more in common than not when it comes to involving domestic audiences in international policy, especially in recent years. Their practice of public diplomacy's domestic dimension appears to be resilient and adaptive in nature, although it has been subject to fluctuations resulting from changes in the political climate, leadership styles and governmental preferences, and resource availability. Additionally, reconceptualizing public diplomacy with a domestic dimension and constructivist underpinnings opens the window on norms that are taken for granted in diplomacy and offers the potential for a more inclusive view and practice — a better fit for its time.