Suchergebnisse

The decisions and actions of private forest owners are important for the delivery of forest goods and services. Both forest ownership, and policies related to forest owners, are changing. Traditionally in most countries, government extension officers have advised and instructed forest owners, but this is evolving, with greater importance given to a range of actors, objectives, and knowledge types. Drawing on literature and mixed data from 10 countries in Europe, this paper explores how forestry advisory systems can be conceptualized, and describes their current situation in Europe. Drawing parallels with the concept of AKIS (Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems), we propose the term FOKIS (FOrestry Knowledge and Information Systems), as both a system (a purposeful and interdependent group of bodies) and a method for understanding such systems. We define four dimensions for describing FOKIS: owners, policy goals, advice providers, and tools. We find different roles for extension in countries with centrally controlled, highly regulated forest management, and advisors in regions where forest owners have more freedom to choose how to manage their forest. We find five trends across Europe: increasing flexibility, openness and participation of owners as sources of information; increasing reliance on information and persuasion rather than enforced compliance; a shift of attention from timber to a wider range of ecosystem services such as biodiversity and recreation; a shift of funding and providers from public to private sector; emergence of new virtual communication tools. The approach provides a way to make sense of comparisons and change in FOKIS, and opens up an important research field. ; published version ; peerReviewed

Cooperating with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe is a means of enhancing the diplomatic standing of Poland (and other states) within the international arena. The effects of such cooperation are of long-term value. The initiators of these initiatives recognized that Central and Eastern Europe is where the geopolitical status of Poland has the greatest positive effect and weight. The core goal of such cooperation in the region is to be active in joint endeavors that are aimed not just at countering the influence of Russia, but at achieving multilateral benefits for all participants. ; Współpraca państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej jawiła się jako możliwość lewarowania pozycją Polski na arenie międzynarodowej. Efekty współpracy mogły być mierzalne dopiero w dłuższej perspektywie. Rozumowano, że w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej rozgrywała się gra o status geopolityczny Polski na arenie międzynarodowej. Celem zasadniczym skutecznej współpracy w regionie miało być wspólne realizowanie projektów, których nie łączyło jedynie działanie przeciw (Rosji), lecz przede wszystkim na rzecz wspólnych projektów, które miały powodować bogacenie się narodów i wielostronne korzyści dla państw uczestniczących w projekcie integrującym i animującym współpracę państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w ramach Europy Karpat i Inicjatywy Trójmorza.

This article focuses on biographical narratives of trans men and non-binary people about care practices in the spheres of friendship and family. Recognising forms of resistance to adversity through informal networks of support, in this article, care provided by trans and non-binary people to (often) cisgender recipients is conceptualised as a heroic act. It is suggested that trans male and non-binary embodied experiences of care constitute a fundamental political platform to rethink sociologically concepts of care, masculinity and corporal dissidence within the framework of intimate citizenship in and beyond Southern Europe.

This article provides a comparative historical analysis that looks at two dynamic aspects of the immigration process linked to generation—the socioeconomic mobility paths of the children of immigrants and relations between immigrant parents and their children. The focus is on New York City and on two historical eras: the last great wave of immigration from roughly 1880 to the early 1920s and the contemporary wave from the late 1960s to the present. The historical comparative perspective illuminates how, and to what extent, changing receiving contexts affect aspects of the immigrant experience as they relate to a range of generational dynamics. The comparison of second-generation socioeconomic trajectories in the past and present reveals the various constraints and opportunities in different historical periods, while also bringing out similarities and differences in the two eras. It also makes clear the need to consider the distinctive experiences of age cohorts among the second generation in analyzing socioeconomic mobility. With regard to intergenerational relations, the past-present comparison helps to specify the factors shaping relations between immigrant parents and their US-born children that are distinctive to the present era, and those that seem to be a constant. The concluding section offers additional reflections on generational issues, including the prospect that age cohort differences will be increasingly relevant among immigrants and the second generation in the years to come.