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The present paper analyzes the demand for insurance when the insurer has incomplete information about types of potential customers. We assume that customers' risk preferences cannot be distinguished by the insurer. Therefore, the standard result in insurance economics that the insurer discriminates perfectly in prices cannot be applied. Instead, the present article examines the optimal pricing rule for an insurer faced with stochastic distribution of risk preferences. Within this general model framework, we show that an optimal strategy always exists. Both fixed and proportionate premium loadings (relative to expected loss) are considered. ; Der vorliegende Artikel analysiert die optimale Prämienpolitik eines Versicherers bei stochastischer Verteilung der Nachfragertypen auf Basis einer Preis-Absatz-Funktion. Dem Versicherer ist hier lediglich die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung der individuellen Nachfragertypen bekannt und eine üblicherweise postulierte vollständige Preisdiskriminierung des Versicherers ist daher nicht möglich. Die allgemeine Preis-Absatz-Funktion des Versicherers variiert in Abhängigkeit der verwendeten Modellparameter. Wir zeigen, dass in diesem allgemeinen Modellrahmen stets eine optimale Preispolitik des Versicherers existiert. Dabei wird in Bezug auf den aktuariell fairen Wert der Police sowohl ein fixer als auch ein proportionaler Prämienzuschlag des Versicherers berücksichtigt.

В статье исследованы особенности функционирования сельскохозяйственного сегмента страхового рынка зарубежных стран. Определена возможность привлечения положительных элементов страхования с государственной финансовой поддержкой в аграрной сфере в разрезе основных моделей ; In this paper the features of the functioning of the agricultural segment of the insurance market in foreign countries. The possibility of attracting positive elements of insurance with government financial support in the agricultural sector in the context of the main models

While society's needs are growing it is noticeable that citizens more often express their dissatisfaction towards state institutions and services they provide. Thus, in order to enlarge satisfaction of citizens, institutions of public service must systematically improve the quality of provided public services. Lean, by the majority of authors, is named to be the most often installed system in abroad institutions of public sectors, which allows to improve the quality of public services and to satisfy the growing quality requirements of public services. (Rahbek, Pedersen, Huniche, 2011; Di Pietro, Mugion, Renzi, 2013; Radnor, Johnston, 2013). This happens because Lean system uses certain tools and is based on formulated principles, which help to eliminate non-performing activities from the process of service provision, to decrease operating costs and to gain maximum added value. Lean system is widely analysed by abroad authors: Rahbek, Pedersen and Huniche (2011), Ries (2012), Di Pietro, Mugion and Renzi (2013), Lyons, Vidamour, Jain, Sutherland (2013), Radnor and Johnston (2013), Asnan, Nordin, Othman, (2015), Modig and Ahlstrom (2017). In Lithuania most interest for the analysis of Lean system is shown from Čiarnienė and Vienažindienė (2012, 2013, 2015). These scientists analyse the theoretical peculiarities and possibilities of realization of this system in practice. It can be stated that the improvement of public services' quality, while applying Lean system, is not widely analysed in Lithuania. And the installation of Lean system into public sector is very limited. Problem of the research: how does the application of Lean system into institutions changes the quality of public services? Object of the Research: Improvement of public services. Matter of the Research: improvement of public services while applying Lean system. Aim of the Research: to determine changes of Lithuanian State social insurance fund's quality of provided public services while applying Lean system. Tasks of the Research: 1) to analyse theoretical aspects of public services' quality improvement when Lean system is applied, 2) to investigate strategic and legal aspects of public services' quality improvement, 3) to explore the experience of public services' quality improvement in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance while applying Lean system. Methods of the Research: while preparing this final Thesis analysis of scientific literature, analysis of legal documents, structured interview and methods of experts' questionnaire was used. Analysis of scientific literature was used in order to analyse theoretical aspects of public services' quality improvement. Analysis of legal documents was used in order to scrutinize requirements, which are applied for the quality of public services in European Union and Lithuania. In order to examine improvement of public services' quality in Lithuanian Public fund of social insurance, the experience of Lean systems' application in this institution was analysed; also, in this institution, a structured interview was fulfilled, as well as the questionnaire of experts – for all this the purpose was to analyse the quality of Lithuanian State fund's of social insurance provided public services, while applying Lean system. Structure of the Research: Project includes: introduction, three laying out parts, conclusions, recommendations, literature, sources and appendixes. First part of the Research analyses the concept of public services quality's improvements, theoretical aspects of public services quality's improvement are discussed while applying models of quality management and Lean system. Second part of the Research scrutinizes requirements for the quality of public services in European Union's and Lithuanian Republic's strategic and legal documents. The third part of this Research investigates the implementation experience of Lean system in Lithuanian Public fund of social insurance, researches of two types are fulfilled: structured interview and questionnaire of experts; these research methods are used to analyze changes of public services' quality in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance while applying Lean system. After the investigation was fulfilled, it became clear that institutions only by applying Lean system can solve various problems, because this system is very universal. It is like that because each institution can choose the most useful tools of Lean system and the most convenient installation process of this system. This makes Lean system applicable not only in private sector, but in institutions, which provide public services. When installing Lean system it is important to clearly identify problems and to foresee ways of solutions. Also to constantly observe if the chosen measures have any effect to solving problems, in order to make corrections if any discrepancy occurs. Consistent installation of Lean system into institutions creates many positive changes. Installation of Lean system in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance helped to involve all employees of this institution to the process of services provision, and ideas of the employees helped to improve institution's activity. Also, Lean system helped to better manage institution's activity, which allowed to purposefully seek strategic goals; also to notice problems in an early stage and to solve them immediately.

While society's needs are growing it is noticeable that citizens more often express their dissatisfaction towards state institutions and services they provide. Thus, in order to enlarge satisfaction of citizens, institutions of public service must systematically improve the quality of provided public services. Lean, by the majority of authors, is named to be the most often installed system in abroad institutions of public sectors, which allows to improve the quality of public services and to satisfy the growing quality requirements of public services. (Rahbek, Pedersen, Huniche, 2011; Di Pietro, Mugion, Renzi, 2013; Radnor, Johnston, 2013). This happens because Lean system uses certain tools and is based on formulated principles, which help to eliminate non-performing activities from the process of service provision, to decrease operating costs and to gain maximum added value. Lean system is widely analysed by abroad authors: Rahbek, Pedersen and Huniche (2011), Ries (2012), Di Pietro, Mugion and Renzi (2013), Lyons, Vidamour, Jain, Sutherland (2013), Radnor and Johnston (2013), Asnan, Nordin, Othman, (2015), Modig and Ahlstrom (2017). In Lithuania most interest for the analysis of Lean system is shown from Čiarnienė and Vienažindienė (2012, 2013, 2015). These scientists analyse the theoretical peculiarities and possibilities of realization of this system in practice. It can be stated that the improvement of public services' quality, while applying Lean system, is not widely analysed in Lithuania. And the installation of Lean system into public sector is very limited. Problem of the research: how does the application of Lean system into institutions changes the quality of public services? Object of the Research: Improvement of public services. Matter of the Research: improvement of public services while applying Lean system. Aim of the Research: to determine changes of Lithuanian State social insurance fund's quality of provided public services while applying Lean system. Tasks of the Research: 1) to analyse theoretical aspects of public services' quality improvement when Lean system is applied, 2) to investigate strategic and legal aspects of public services' quality improvement, 3) to explore the experience of public services' quality improvement in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance while applying Lean system. Methods of the Research: while preparing this final Thesis analysis of scientific literature, analysis of legal documents, structured interview and methods of experts' questionnaire was used. Analysis of scientific literature was used in order to analyse theoretical aspects of public services' quality improvement. Analysis of legal documents was used in order to scrutinize requirements, which are applied for the quality of public services in European Union and Lithuania. In order to examine improvement of public services' quality in Lithuanian Public fund of social insurance, the experience of Lean systems' application in this institution was analysed; also, in this institution, a structured interview was fulfilled, as well as the questionnaire of experts – for all this the purpose was to analyse the quality of Lithuanian State fund's of social insurance provided public services, while applying Lean system. Structure of the Research: Project includes: introduction, three laying out parts, conclusions, recommendations, literature, sources and appendixes. First part of the Research analyses the concept of public services quality's improvements, theoretical aspects of public services quality's improvement are discussed while applying models of quality management and Lean system. Second part of the Research scrutinizes requirements for the quality of public services in European Union's and Lithuanian Republic's strategic and legal documents. The third part of this Research investigates the implementation experience of Lean system in Lithuanian Public fund of social insurance, researches of two types are fulfilled: structured interview and questionnaire of experts; these research methods are used to analyze changes of public services' quality in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance while applying Lean system. After the investigation was fulfilled, it became clear that institutions only by applying Lean system can solve various problems, because this system is very universal. It is like that because each institution can choose the most useful tools of Lean system and the most convenient installation process of this system. This makes Lean system applicable not only in private sector, but in institutions, which provide public services. When installing Lean system it is important to clearly identify problems and to foresee ways of solutions. Also to constantly observe if the chosen measures have any effect to solving problems, in order to make corrections if any discrepancy occurs. Consistent installation of Lean system into institutions creates many positive changes. Installation of Lean system in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance helped to involve all employees of this institution to the process of services provision, and ideas of the employees helped to improve institution's activity. Also, Lean system helped to better manage institution's activity, which allowed to purposefully seek strategic goals; also to notice problems in an early stage and to solve them immediately.

While society's needs are growing it is noticeable that citizens more often express their dissatisfaction towards state institutions and services they provide. Thus, in order to enlarge satisfaction of citizens, institutions of public service must systematically improve the quality of provided public services. Lean, by the majority of authors, is named to be the most often installed system in abroad institutions of public sectors, which allows to improve the quality of public services and to satisfy the growing quality requirements of public services. (Rahbek, Pedersen, Huniche, 2011; Di Pietro, Mugion, Renzi, 2013; Radnor, Johnston, 2013). This happens because Lean system uses certain tools and is based on formulated principles, which help to eliminate non-performing activities from the process of service provision, to decrease operating costs and to gain maximum added value. Lean system is widely analysed by abroad authors: Rahbek, Pedersen and Huniche (2011), Ries (2012), Di Pietro, Mugion and Renzi (2013), Lyons, Vidamour, Jain, Sutherland (2013), Radnor and Johnston (2013), Asnan, Nordin, Othman, (2015), Modig and Ahlstrom (2017). In Lithuania most interest for the analysis of Lean system is shown from Čiarnienė and Vienažindienė (2012, 2013, 2015). These scientists analyse the theoretical peculiarities and possibilities of realization of this system in practice. It can be stated that the improvement of public services' quality, while applying Lean system, is not widely analysed in Lithuania. And the installation of Lean system into public sector is very limited. Problem of the research: how does the application of Lean system into institutions changes the quality of public services? Object of the Research: Improvement of public services. Matter of the Research: improvement of public services while applying Lean system. Aim of the Research: to determine changes of Lithuanian State social insurance fund's quality of provided public services while applying Lean system. Tasks of the Research: 1) to analyse theoretical aspects of public services' quality improvement when Lean system is applied, 2) to investigate strategic and legal aspects of public services' quality improvement, 3) to explore the experience of public services' quality improvement in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance while applying Lean system. Methods of the Research: while preparing this final Thesis analysis of scientific literature, analysis of legal documents, structured interview and methods of experts' questionnaire was used. Analysis of scientific literature was used in order to analyse theoretical aspects of public services' quality improvement. Analysis of legal documents was used in order to scrutinize requirements, which are applied for the quality of public services in European Union and Lithuania. In order to examine improvement of public services' quality in Lithuanian Public fund of social insurance, the experience of Lean systems' application in this institution was analysed; also, in this institution, a structured interview was fulfilled, as well as the questionnaire of experts – for all this the purpose was to analyse the quality of Lithuanian State fund's of social insurance provided public services, while applying Lean system. Structure of the Research: Project includes: introduction, three laying out parts, conclusions, recommendations, literature, sources and appendixes. First part of the Research analyses the concept of public services quality's improvements, theoretical aspects of public services quality's improvement are discussed while applying models of quality management and Lean system. Second part of the Research scrutinizes requirements for the quality of public services in European Union's and Lithuanian Republic's strategic and legal documents. The third part of this Research investigates the implementation experience of Lean system in Lithuanian Public fund of social insurance, researches of two types are fulfilled: structured interview and questionnaire of experts; these research methods are used to analyze changes of public services' quality in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance while applying Lean system. After the investigation was fulfilled, it became clear that institutions only by applying Lean system can solve various problems, because this system is very universal. It is like that because each institution can choose the most useful tools of Lean system and the most convenient installation process of this system. This makes Lean system applicable not only in private sector, but in institutions, which provide public services. When installing Lean system it is important to clearly identify problems and to foresee ways of solutions. Also to constantly observe if the chosen measures have any effect to solving problems, in order to make corrections if any discrepancy occurs. Consistent installation of Lean system into institutions creates many positive changes. Installation of Lean system in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance helped to involve all employees of this institution to the process of services provision, and ideas of the employees helped to improve institution's activity. Also, Lean system helped to better manage institution's activity, which allowed to purposefully seek strategic goals; also to notice problems in an early stage and to solve them immediately.

While society's needs are growing it is noticeable that citizens more often express their dissatisfaction towards state institutions and services they provide. Thus, in order to enlarge satisfaction of citizens, institutions of public service must systematically improve the quality of provided public services. Lean, by the majority of authors, is named to be the most often installed system in abroad institutions of public sectors, which allows to improve the quality of public services and to satisfy the growing quality requirements of public services. (Rahbek, Pedersen, Huniche, 2011; Di Pietro, Mugion, Renzi, 2013; Radnor, Johnston, 2013). This happens because Lean system uses certain tools and is based on formulated principles, which help to eliminate non-performing activities from the process of service provision, to decrease operating costs and to gain maximum added value. Lean system is widely analysed by abroad authors: Rahbek, Pedersen and Huniche (2011), Ries (2012), Di Pietro, Mugion and Renzi (2013), Lyons, Vidamour, Jain, Sutherland (2013), Radnor and Johnston (2013), Asnan, Nordin, Othman, (2015), Modig and Ahlstrom (2017). In Lithuania most interest for the analysis of Lean system is shown from Čiarnienė and Vienažindienė (2012, 2013, 2015). These scientists analyse the theoretical peculiarities and possibilities of realization of this system in practice. It can be stated that the improvement of public services' quality, while applying Lean system, is not widely analysed in Lithuania. And the installation of Lean system into public sector is very limited. Problem of the research: how does the application of Lean system into institutions changes the quality of public services? Object of the Research: Improvement of public services. Matter of the Research: improvement of public services while applying Lean system. Aim of the Research: to determine changes of Lithuanian State social insurance fund's quality of provided public services while applying Lean system. Tasks of the Research: 1) to analyse theoretical aspects of public services' quality improvement when Lean system is applied, 2) to investigate strategic and legal aspects of public services' quality improvement, 3) to explore the experience of public services' quality improvement in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance while applying Lean system. Methods of the Research: while preparing this final Thesis analysis of scientific literature, analysis of legal documents, structured interview and methods of experts' questionnaire was used. Analysis of scientific literature was used in order to analyse theoretical aspects of public services' quality improvement. Analysis of legal documents was used in order to scrutinize requirements, which are applied for the quality of public services in European Union and Lithuania. In order to examine improvement of public services' quality in Lithuanian Public fund of social insurance, the experience of Lean systems' application in this institution was analysed; also, in this institution, a structured interview was fulfilled, as well as the questionnaire of experts – for all this the purpose was to analyse the quality of Lithuanian State fund's of social insurance provided public services, while applying Lean system. Structure of the Research: Project includes: introduction, three laying out parts, conclusions, recommendations, literature, sources and appendixes. First part of the Research analyses the concept of public services quality's improvements, theoretical aspects of public services quality's improvement are discussed while applying models of quality management and Lean system. Second part of the Research scrutinizes requirements for the quality of public services in European Union's and Lithuanian Republic's strategic and legal documents. The third part of this Research investigates the implementation experience of Lean system in Lithuanian Public fund of social insurance, researches of two types are fulfilled: structured interview and questionnaire of experts; these research methods are used to analyze changes of public services' quality in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance while applying Lean system. After the investigation was fulfilled, it became clear that institutions only by applying Lean system can solve various problems, because this system is very universal. It is like that because each institution can choose the most useful tools of Lean system and the most convenient installation process of this system. This makes Lean system applicable not only in private sector, but in institutions, which provide public services. When installing Lean system it is important to clearly identify problems and to foresee ways of solutions. Also to constantly observe if the chosen measures have any effect to solving problems, in order to make corrections if any discrepancy occurs. Consistent installation of Lean system into institutions creates many positive changes. Installation of Lean system in Lithuanian State fund of social insurance helped to involve all employees of this institution to the process of services provision, and ideas of the employees helped to improve institution's activity. Also, Lean system helped to better manage institution's activity, which allowed to purposefully seek strategic goals; also to notice problems in an early stage and to solve them immediately.

This report describes how a person becomes covered by Survivors Insurance. It outlines the types and amounts of benefits available to survivors, eligibility for those benefits, and the benefit application process. It provides statistics on survivor beneficiaries and a legislative history of Survivors Insurance, including legislative activity in the 110th Congress.

Insurance business can be distinguished on some reviews. It includes generalinsurances, life insurances and reinsurances (on the basis of its function).Based on its basic policy, it includes term life insurances, whole life insurances,two beneficial insurances, insurances of investment unit (unit linked). Basedon its belongings, it includes national private-owned insurances, state-ownedinsurances, foreign corporations-owned insurances, and multiplicity-ownedinsurances. Based on the nature of its implementation, it includes voluntaryand compulsory insurances. Based on the business support activities, it includesinsurance brokers, reinsurance brokers, insurance loss assessor, consultingactuary, and insurance agents. Mean while, mechanisms of Takaful (shari'ainsurances) include underwriting, insurance policies, premiums, managementof premiums, claims and insurance coverage. The main obstacles to developshari'a insurance are lack of socialization, limitation of human resources ofTakaful's expert; lack of Muslim support, weakness of government support.Keywords: Insurance, Shari'a, BPJS.IAIN Tulungagung, Jl. Mayor Sujadi Timur No. 46Email:budikolistiawan@gmail.com

As part of the Governor's effort to streamline State government through improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of operations, Executive Order 2004-06 ("EO6") provided for the reorganization (consolidation) of the Department of Insurance, Office of Banks and Real Estate, Department of Professional Regulation and Department of Financial Institutions. Through EO6 the four predecessor Agencies were abolished and a single new agency, The Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (hereafter referred to as "IDFPR") was created. The purpose of the consolidation of the four regulatory agencies was to allow for certain economies of scale to be realized primarily within the executive management and administrative functions. Additionally, the consolidation would increases the effectiveness of operations through the integration of certain duplicative functions within the four predecessor agencies without the denegration of the frontline functions. Beginning on or about July 1, 2004, the IDFPR began consolidation activities focusing primarily on the administrative functions of Executive Management, Fiscal and Accounting, General Counsel, Human Resources, Information Technology and Other Administrative Services. The underlying premise of the reorganization was that all improvements could be accomplished without the denegration of the frontline functions of the predecessor agencies. Accordingly, all powers, duties, rights, responsibilities and functions of the predecessor agencies migrated to IDFPR and the reorganization activities commenced July 1, 2004. ; "In accordance with 15 ILCS 15/1, Chapter 127, Paragraph 1811, Section 11 this report summarizes consolidation and reorganization activities, progress and results of Agencies consolidated pursuant to Executive which became effective on July 1, 2004." ; "January 20, 2005" ; Title supplied by cataloger. ; As part of the Governor's effort to streamline State government through improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of operations, Executive Order 2004-06 ("EO6") provided for the reorganization (consolidation) of the Department of Insurance, Office of Banks and Real Estate, Department of Professional Regulation and Department of Financial Institutions. Through EO6 the four predecessor Agencies were abolished and a single new agency, The Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (hereafter referred to as "IDFPR") was created. The purpose of the consolidation of the four regulatory agencies was to allow for certain economies of scale to be realized primarily within the executive management and administrative functions. Additionally, the consolidation would increases the effectiveness of operations through the integration of certain duplicative functions within the four predecessor agencies without the denegration of the frontline functions. Beginning on or about July 1, 2004, the IDFPR began consolidation activities focusing primarily on the administrative functions of Executive Management, Fiscal and Accounting, General Counsel, Human Resources, Information Technology and Other Administrative Services. The underlying premise of the reorganization was that all improvements could be accomplished without the denegration of the frontline functions of the predecessor agencies. Accordingly, all powers, duties, rights, responsibilities and functions of the predecessor agencies migrated to IDFPR and the reorganization activities commenced July 1, 2004. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Item 1035-C, 1035-D (microfiche) ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Just as in many other regions of the world, the European Union is prone to nearly all types of natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. Moreover, due to climate change, both the number of incidents and the damage from natural disasters could increase. Natural disasters may cause significant economic losses, and consequently there is a strong demand for compensation for victims in their aftermath. We examine whether, from a theoretical perspective, there is any role to be played at the EU level in the compensation of victims of disasters, particularly in disaster insurance, and even if it were to be just a facilitative role, how this role could take shape in order to stimulate the insurability of natural disasters. We critically examine European initiatives with respect to disaster insurance and ex post compensation and formulate lessons learned on the basis of the theoretical analysis. We explicitly address the question whether the role of the EU should be limited to facilitating insurability or whether it should include providing ex post compensation to states as well.

В статье рассматривается система страховая посевов сельскохозяйственных культур с учетом рисков от чрезвычайных ситуаций, направленная на применение дифференцированного подхода при определении страховых тарифов в зависимости от уровня рискованности производства. Уменьшение ущерба в сельскохозяйственном производстве успешно осуществляется через сферу страхования, где пространственно-отраслевая дифференциация страховых ставок дает возможность заблаговременного и рационального распределения страховых сумм на предотвращение ущерба. Дифференциация страховых ставок в зависимости от риска землепользования дает возможность сельскохозяйственным товаропроизводителям значительно расширить объемы страховых рисков, а страховой компании осуществить перестраховочные мероприятия, направленные на возможное упреждение чрезвычайной ситуации. ; The article consider system of agricultural crops insurance taking into account the risks from emergency situations in the direction of a differentiated approach to defining insurance tariffs depending on the level of production riskiness. Damage reduction in agricultural production has been successfully implemented across the insurance industry, where the spatial and sectoral differentiation in insurance rates enables early and efficient distribution of insurance amounts to the prevention of damage. Differentiation in insurance rates depending on the risk of land use gives the chance to agricultural producers to increase significantly the volumes of insurance risks, and the insurance company to perform reinsurance activities aimed at forestalling a possible emergency situation.