Suchergebnisse

Villages obtain their sources of income from original village income, transfers, and other income. Considerable income makes the village government demand to increase transparency and accountability along with the development of public sector accounting. However, transparency and accountability are still a problem for some villages. This study aimed to determine the effect of transparency and accountability on the financial management in 13 villages in Sukaraja District, Bogor Regency. The data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to 83 respondents, selected using the purposive sampling method. The data analysis methods included a validity test, reliability test, t-test, f-test, coefficient of determination test, multiple linear regression, normality test, heteroscedasticity test, and descriptive statistics. Partial testing with t-test showed that transparency had no significant effect on village financial management because some respondents answered that they disagreed. Therefore, it can be concluded that transparency had been implemented but not yet maximized. While accountability partially had a significant effect on village financial management, accountability had run well. Based on the simultaneous testing results with the f-test, transparency and accountability simultaneously positively affected village financial management. Keywords: village financial management, village government, transparency, accountability, multiple linear regression

Youths have been susceptible to gambling and its associated problems. Approximately 42-80% of college and university students have been involved in the practice annually, with male students dominating. Few studies have been done on the impacts of gambling on university and college students. This study, therefore, focused on understanding how gambling affected Kisii University students. A descriptive research sampling design was utilized, research questionnaires were used, and the target population was Kisii University students. Five research assistants were trained to help in data collection. Data were analysed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics was used; percentages, means, frequencies and charts were generated. Inferential statistics was also used to test the relationship between gambling and students' social life. Results were as follows: 54.1% indicated that they never lied about their gambling habits, and 58.9% stated that gambling had no adverse consequence on school, work, and relationships. Moreover, 61.1% stated that they could feel irritated and restless when they limited their gambling, while 61.4% spent a lot of time gambling and planning. Likewise, 90.8% mentioned that their friends had gambling habits, while 55.4% discussed with friends and colleagues about gambling. Therefore, gambling affected students' social life and peer pressure was the main contributor. Hence, public awareness of the problems associated with gambling is recommended to manage gambling among students.

The present study aims to outline the profile of uncited or rarely cited articles indexed in the Web of Science database between 2017 and 2021. We used stratified random sampling of 14,425 journals to extract our study sample of 373 journals. The dependent variable was defined as the number of citations, with independent variables being the JCR index, maturity, quartile, language of publication, and whether the research was funded. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample according to field of research and variable. A negative binomial regression method was used to estimate which variables influence the number of citations received by articles in the sample. We found that of the 256,524 articles that make up the research corpus, 39,469 (15.39%) received no citations and 91,963 articles (35.85%) received up to four citations. The variables that positively influenced estimates of the number of citations were maturity (0.481), JCR index (0.159), and funding (0.020), while quartile (-0.170) and language (-1.032) had a negative influence on number of citations. We conclude that the pressures of academic productivism create a vicious cycle in which studies are referenced based on their ranking in the struggle for privileged editorial space, with articles in higher quartile journals being more prone to citation.

Malawi has a high perinatal mortality rate of 40 deaths per 1,000 births. To promote neonatal health, the Government of Malawi has identified essential health care packages for improving maternal and neonatal health in health care facilities. However, regardless of the availability of health services, women's perceptions of the care is important as it influences whether the women will or will not use the services. In Malawi 95% of pregnant women receive antenatal care from skilled attendants, but the number is reduced to 71% deliveries being conducted by skilled attendants. The objective of this study was to describe women's perceptions on perinatal care among the women delivered at a district hospital. A descriptive study design with qualitative data collection and analysis methods. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews using semi-structured interview guides collecting information on women's perceptions on perinatal care. A total of 14 in depth interviews were conducted with women delivering at Chiradzulu District Hospital from February to March 2011. The women were asked how they perceived the care they received from health workers during antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum. They were also asked about the information they received during provision of care. Data were manually analyzed using thematic analysis. Two themes from the study were good care and unsatisfactory care. Subthemes under good care were: respect, confidentiality, privacy and normal delivery. Providers' attitude, delay in providing care, inadequate care, and unavailability of delivery attendants were subthemes under unsatisfactory care. Although the results show that women wanted to be well received at health facilities, respected, treated with kindness, dignity and not shouted at, they were not critical of the care they received. The women did not know the quality of care to expect because they were not well informed. The women were not critical of the care they received because they were not aware of the standard of care. Instead they had low expectations. Health workers have a responsibility to inform women and their families about the care that women should expect. There is also a need for standardization of the antenatal information that is provided.

This paper dwelt on the role of women cooperative in agricultural development focusing on Awka south local government area of Anambra state. Sixty five 65 farmer members were randomly selected from six women cooperative in the area. In this research, descriptive analytical method was used to investigate the specific objectives. They include descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution table, percentage, mean and standard deviation. For the hypothesis posed, t test or t statistics was used to draw if there is any significant effect of the cooperative roles on the members output. Likert scale analysis was used to examine the perception of members on how cooperative functions activities such as input supply, marketing and processing have brought about an enhancement to their economic well being as represented by output. The researcher found out that women cooperative in the area has played significant role in marketing and processing of their members agricultural produce. The effect of the cooperative functions activities input supply, marketing and processing has significantly improved the income and standard of living of the women farmer member of cooperative in the area. Women cooperative are encouraged to process and market their member's agricultural produce since it has strong significant effect on their member's income, and also provide credit and improved varieties of inputs to their members at appropriate time to enhance their productivity. On the other hand, government should aid those women cooperative in the area by giving them loan and grants to boost their productivity and also construct a good road network for easy evacuation of their produce to the cities where they will attract more income to the members of women cooperative. Okafor Ogochukwu Esther | Okafor Patronila Ifeoma | Uzondu Chikodiri Scholastica "Role of Women Cooperative in Agricultural Development: (A Study of Women Cooperative Members in Awka South)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and ...

The impact of the level of social support on risky financial behaviors has been extensively investigated. However, the impact of different styles of social support on these behaviors has so far been ignored by researchers. We examined whether or not different styles of social support
are related to risky financial behaviors. Participants in our descriptive correlational study were a convenience sample of White North American (n = 149) and Chinese (n = 173) university students. Results showed that the Chinese students received more guidance and less emotional
social support than did the White North American students, and that the Chinese students were more likely to take risks in financial domains than the White North American students were. Results also showed that emotional social support was negatively related to risky financial behaviors, but
guidance was positively related to risky financial behaviors. More important, the results demonstrated that cross-cultural differences in social support can partly mediate cross-cultural differences in risky financial behaviors.

This study aims to review the use of ICT in learning at SLB N Boyolali, with all educators in the school as respondents. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, and examines the use of ICT using strategic management theory by David (2011). Data collection techniques used in this study were observation and interviews. The data analysis used was Creswell's analysis and interpretation technique. The results of the study show that ICT in learning in terms of strategic planning, implementation, and evaluation have not been fully utilized by all educators and not all students get the same learning experience. This is due to the lack of understanding of educators in utilizing information and communication technology is still very limited.

"Based on the idea that the beliefs, values and political attitudes of the subjects explain the political processes taking place in the core of modern society, the main aim of this paper is to discuss a conceptual and methodological framework which makes it possible to determine the political culture of the transnational immigration residing in Spain. Taking into account that political cultures can be dramatically modified by the transnational migratory experience, we try to find the best way to establish whether the political culture of the transnational immigrants based in Spain has indeed been transformed as they have faced the values prevailing in Spanish society, as well as those associated to democracy, i.e., those valid all over the European Union. Hence, the paper focuses on the different tools available to analyze the interaction between political institutions, civil society, community-level organizations and transnational immigrants. Also, we ask whether such interaction affects, and in what ways, democratic governance. It must be highlighted that, despite the relevance of the subject matter and of its relationship with the entrenchment of democratic governance in the transnational space, the kind of research we propose, i.e., based on the political culture of immigrants, on the elements mentioned above and relying on a methodology that combines both a theoretical and an empirical approach, has not been developed in Spain yet." (author's abstract)

This article examines President Clinton's decisions to launch military actions against Iraq in June 1993 and Kosovo in 1999. This study represents an attempt to test the descriptive accuracy and further developing the diversionary theory of war. Using a qualitative framework for diversionary use of force developed by another researcher, Ryan C. Hendrickson, this research examines and compares the two cases in order to determine whether or not these strikes appear to be diversionary in nature. This article generally suggests that empirical support for the diversionary argument in these cases is "mixed" but has more validity in the actions against Iraq. Two proposals to further develop qualitative tests for diversionary use of force are advanced.

This article examines President Clinton's decisions to launch military actions against Iraq in June 1993 and Kosovo in 1999. This study represents an attempt to test the descriptive accuracy and further developing the diversionary theory of war. Using a qualitative framework for diversionary use of force developed by another researcher, Ryan C. Hendrickson, this research examines and compares the two cases in order to determine whether or not these strikes appear to be diversionary in nature. This article generally suggests that empirical support for the diversionary argument in these cases is "mixed" but has more validity in the actions against Iraq. Two proposals to further develop qualitative tests for diversionary use of force are advanced.

Introduction: Anemia is a major risk factor for poor maternal health status. Anemia during pregnancy leads to poor birth outcomes such as fetal anemia, low birth weight, preterm birth, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality. This study aimed to assess the effect of anemia in pregnancy and its perinatal outcome. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 370 pregnant women in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavre from June 2017 to December 2017. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the socio-clinical characteristics. Bivariate analysis was performed to analyze the effect of anemia. Results: The study found that all the participants were anemic out of which mild anemia was observed in 352 (95.4%), moderate anemia in 17 (4.6%), and severe anemia in one (0.3%) participants respectively. Women aged 17 to 24 years and multiparous women had higher odds of having moderate anemia (Hb 7.0-8.9 g/dL). Women with moderate anemia had more odds of having neonates with less Apgar scores. Women with moderate anemia had nine times higher odds of having newborn mortality. Conclusion: Anemia during pregnancy not only affects the health status of the mother but also impacts the birth outcomes. This study highlighted the emphasis on the active participation of governmental and non-governmental organizations to prevent adverse effects of anemia during pregnancy and birth outcomes.

In 1980, the Economics Department of the Royal Scientific Society of Jordan undertook a survey research project to gauge the effects of labor migration and remittances at the household level in Jordan; this paper highlights the descriptive results of that survey, focusing on the characteristics of the migrants and their households, the processes of migration, work abroad and re-entry into the Jordanian economy, the amounts, uses and transfer of remittances, and changes in lifestyle and household structures of migrants who are currently working in the region or have returned to Jordan

This study aims to reveal the application of the principles of Transparency and Accountability in the administration of Village Government which is categorized as Disadvantaged in West Halmahera Regency. Transparency is related to information disclosure which is built on the freedom to obtain information related to the general interest of the village, which can be directly obtained by villagers who need it. While accountability realizes the obligation of the Village to account for and explain the process and achievement of financial and non-financial goals to Village residents. By practicing the concepts of transparency and accountability in village financial management, it is expected to create various positive influences for improving the quality of life and welfare of the Village Community. Researchers used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods to achieve these goals. The results showed that the conditions for implementing transparency and accountability in Ulo Village, Jailolo District, Tewe Village, South Jailolo District and Togoreba Tua in North Ibu District were generally quite good. In addition, this study also found that in general there is evidence that the condition of underdeveloped villages in the three villages often results in a slowdown in the achievement of village performance; This is more because there are complex socio-cultural disputes between villagers and the village government.

The study aimed at describing and analyzing efforts to prevent human trafficking by the Tapen Bikomi Foundation in Timor Tengah Utara Regency. The Tapen Bikomi Foundation is one of the local NGOs and partners of the regional government of Timor Tengah Utara Regency in various human trafficking prevention activities in the area. Timor Tengah Utara Regency is one district in the province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. In Timor Tengah Utara Regency, human trafficking is one of the serious problems that has claimed many victims. Trends in human trafficking cases in Timor Tengah Utara Regency occur through illegal recruitment and sending a mode of migrant workers. This study was about the various efforts of the Tapen Bikomi Foundation in preventing the practice of human trafficking in Timor Tengah Utara Regency. Prevention efforts included things done for the community, for the government and together with the government in Timor Tengah Utara Regency. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. Data obtained through in-depth interviews with informants, observations not involved in the activities of the Tapen Bikomi Foundation and documentation studies. The results showed that in preventing human trafficking in the Timor Tengah Utara Regency, the Tapen Bikomi Foundation carried out three main activities that is, empowering the community, building a network of cooperation with the government and strengthening the capacity and policies of government institutions.

PurposeAs part of a cross-cultural research, the purpose of this paper is to provide further insights into the existing product-country image (PCI) of the Chinese consumers' perceptions of Spain, its products, and its people, thereby providing an overall contemporary Spanish PCI within the Chinese market.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 215 valid structured questionnaires were gathered throughout China. Following a pre-investigation of 259 usable questionnaires, a 52-item construct was drawn from the existing widely used PCI item scales, designing a structured PCI construct, covering: "country image," "personal image," "product image," "general knowledge about Spain," and "personal data."FindingsThe study provides: a PCI pre-investigation research results as well as a literature review on PCI topic; research results for the five hypotheses concerning Chinese citizens' view of Spanish product price, quality, technicality, inventiveness, and known brands view; descriptive statistics as well as result graphs for each of the covered PCI sections; our PCI construct variable correlations with the tested five product image variables; and general implications.Research limitations/implicationsStandardizing PCI longitudinal studies, as well as focusing on how the Spanish Government and private sector should determine the long-term criteria to facilitate a clearer representation of the Spanish PCI evolution within the Chinese market, is advised.Originality/valueThe current study intends to capture insights for Spain and other country's public and private sector decision makers to better integrate market and non-market strategies. The results would further assist delineating strategies to avoid the liability of foreignness of Spanish organizations within China.