Suchergebnisse

Combines data from census materials with a 1973 questionnaire survey of city planning officials concerning local growth control policies. Found that previous rapid growth and the expansiveness of municipal government functions are not a significant predictor of adoption of growth controls. Indicators of the potential for residents' political mobilization are only weakly associated with the adoption of growth controls. (Abstract amended)

Analyses 14 elementary level magnet schools in Montgomery County, Maryland, and characteristics of those schools. Found that white families tended to prefer schools with a lower proportion of minorities, and minority families tended to opt for schools in lower income, high-minority neighbourhoods. (Abstract amended)

Examines the incomes of females from 59 countries, who entered the US between 1970 and 1980. English language ability and educational attainment are among the important determinants of the women's incomes. (Abstract amended)

Comment on Vasegh-Daneshvary, Schlottmann, and Herzog (1987), who attempted to analyse such immigration, from both industrial and developing countries, for the period 1967-78. Suggests that their conclusion is based on an erroneous assumption, since the immigration policy of the US changed during this period. (SR)

Utilizing the methodology of contextual analysis, 10 prisoner variables (individual level) & 25 prison variables (contextual level) are analyzed as influences on the severity of inmate assaults on prison guards, using archival data from the New York State Dept of Correctional Services for 1983. Inmate characteristics are not found to influence the dependent variable. However, a prison-level characteristic, mean inmate age, is found to be a significant predictor of the severity of assaults when prisoner age at the individual level is statistically controlled. This finding provides clear evidence for the existence of a sociological contextual effect. These results provide some support for policies of increasing the age heterogeneity of prison inmate populations. Further research into the social structures of adult prisons whose inmates are predominantly youthful is also urged. 6 Tables, 37 References. AA

A time-series analysis finds that substantial media coverage of the suicides of ordinary people in New York City during 1910-1920 increased suicides (258 page-1 suicide stories were reported in the New York Times during this time). Data on the monthly number of suicides were obtained from the New York Dept of Health. The relationship between media coverage & suicide followed a nonlinear, combined threshold-ceiling effect. It is estimated that a specific period of "hyper" coverage in 1913/14, during which 129 page-1 suicide stories were published in the Times, resulted in an additional 89 suicides. 3 Tables, 19 References. Adapted from the source document.

The social network form, density, age heterophily, mean length of time known, % kin, & % friend of persons currently married & those who are not (widowed, divorced, or never married) are examined in a full probability sample of English-speaking adults drawn from the 1985 General Social Survey. It is found that networks of the widowed are similar to those of married respondents, although more dense & kin centered, & that networks of wide range that offer more instrumental utility are lacking, implying a very different network of resources from that of the divorced & never married. Networks of females are more kin & friend centered than male networks but are not contingent on marital status. The importance of a network-building process occurring after divorce is noted. 1 Table, 26 References. V. Wagener

Whether there exists a wage penalty for obesity; based on a sample of youths 18 to 25 years old surveyed by the National Longitudinal Surveys in 1982.

In 1881 the Wisconsin State Legislature enacted a dual system of state & county care for the mentally ill, by which the acutely insane were placed in large state hospitals, while the chronic mentally ill were sent to smaller county institutions, designed to provide "warm" long-term care & easier access for family members & friends. To determine whether this was actually the case, records for all 480 patients of the Outagamie County Asylum for the Chronic Insane between 1890 & the early 1930s were examined. The findings suggest that the county system worked reasonably well, or at least did what it was designed to do. 1 Table, 2 Figures, 9 References. Adapted from the source document.

Data from the 1979 National Chicano Survey conducted in the southwestern US were drawn on to form a subsample of 253 working civilian males ages 18-65, divided by skin tone (N = 66 light, 107 medium, & 80 dark), which was used to identify employment & wage discrimination based on physical appearance. The results show that Chicanos with dark skin & Native American physical characteristics received significantly lower wages than did those with lighter skin & more European characteristics; no other variables were found to affect income levels. It is noted, however, that Chicanos of all skin tones & physical types had incomes significantly less than those of non-Hispanic whites. 5 Tables, 27 References. Adapted from the source document.