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International audience ; The 8th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (ICAG-2009) and the associated Relative Gravity Campaign (RGC2009) took place at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) between July and October 2009. Altogether 24 institutes with 22 absolute gravimeters and 9 relative gravimeters participated in the ICAG/RGC campaign. Accurate absolute and relative gravity measurements as well as precision levelling measurements were performed on the micro-gravity 3D-grid at the BIPM. The 2009 comparison was the first to be organized as a Comité International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM) metrological Key Comparison under the CIPM MRA (Mutual Recognition Arrangement), which means that the result will be officially recognized by the governmental organizations responsible. As a consequence, the relative gravimeters employed were carefully selected and the measurement schedules were rigorously enforced compared to earlier campaigns. Thus the quality of the RGC2009 and the determination of the BIPM local gravity network were improved. After thirty years and eight successive ICAGs, the BIPM has decided to transfer its role to the National Metrological Institutes, although the CIPM will continue to organize the key comparison as ICAGs. The background to the RGC2009, and the organization, data processing and final results of the gravity and vertical gravity gradients are presented in this paper. This report is more detailed than previous final reports of the RGCs.

The United Nations (UN) 2023 Water Conference was held from March 22–24 at the UN Headquarters in New York, USA. There was a clear message from Day 1 of the Conference: "we are not on track to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 on water and sanitation for all." Moreover, business-as-usual approaches for water management do not seem effective facing the so-called triple planetary crisis of climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss (What is the Triple Planetary Crisis? | UNFCCC). Hence, the Conference aimed to raise awareness of the global water crisis and to make agreements on concerted actions to mobilize all sectors, stakeholders, and countries toward the resolution of this global issue. Among them, the agreement to establish a UN Special Envoy for Water (different figure than the Special Rapporteur on the Human Right to Water), ground more than seven hundred voluntary commitments and pledges, and renew the political momentum in fora such as the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development, held this July 2023, and the SDG Summit in September 2023 to follow up on the SDGs and Agenda 2030, as well as the commitments of the Decade for Action on Water (2018–2028).The UN, in fact, has promoted numerous initiatives to mobilize citizens around the SDGs. Presently, the UN has declared a total of 206 International Environmental Days to honor specific human and environmental subjects. Among them, only 40 are specifically related to the environment or socio-environmental issues. The majority of all of these declarations are followed by "mega-conferences"1 related to the same subjects: that is, RAMSAR/wetlands sites, sustainable development, biodiversity, climate change, and the latest one is water. The UN states that these commemorative dates and fora are meant to "educate the public on issues of concern, to mobilize political will and resources to address global problems, and to celebrate and reinforce achievements of humanity" (United Nations, 2023) ). We have nothing against the raising of awareness and the need to take political action, but we would rather like to offer a reflection on two critical and historical challenges related to these global events: (a) the implementation of global water fora accords from global-to-local governance, and (b) the need for broader and inclusive participation of different stakeholders, with particular focus on water issues.

Préserver la paix sur terre par la science et l'éducation : telle est l'ambition des fondateurs du Bureau international de l'éducation de Genève (1925), convaincus d'avoir la légitimité de s'imposer comme plateforme de l'internationalisme éducatif. Leur ambition expansionniste est battue en brèche par d'autres organismes concurrents. Notre analyse examine les reconfigurations successives du régime de leur entreprise dont les seuls principes de travail seraient la neutralité et l'objectivité. Une fois le Bureau instauré en une agence inter-gouvernementale, son centre de gravité réside dans des Conférences annuelles où sont conviés tous les pays de la planète. Dans le contexte tendu des années 1930, son directeur, Jean Piaget, affûte ses stratégies pour convaincre, sans compromission, les régimes politiques aussi bien républicains qu'autoritaires des bénéfices d'une coopération éducative. C'est en diplomate officiel que Piaget redéfinit le rôle du BIE aux côtés de la « nouvelle autorité mondiale » qu'est l'Unesco créée en 1946, qui, après avoir concédé au BIE « tous les honneurs du "père" de l'Unesco », le configure désormais « en son petit frère ».

Hidden hunger is not about providing enough calories, it is about a lack of micronutrients, which has life-long consequences for the children who are mostly affected. This begins with physical and cognitive developmental disorders and continues with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases and the occurrence of obesity. The book compiles the contributions of the Fourth Congress on Hidden Hunger 2019 as original articles. The focus of the congress was the problem of malnutrition and overweight, which can coexist and is termed a "double burden". Part of the book deals with the causes of malnutrition and the challenge of achieving an agricultural system that is more focused on food quality. Another part discusses the causes and intervention approaches to tackling childhood obesity, especially in connection with malnutrition. All in all, this publication is a summary of important work by highly renowned authors on the topic of the congress: "Hidden Hunger and the Transformation of Food Systems: How to Combat the Double Burden of Malnutrition?" Like its two predecessors, the book fills an important gap by summarizing the essential aspects for science, applied research, and politics at a high level.

This book provides a forum for theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions to research on language(s), multimodality and public space, which will advance new ways of understanding the sociocultural, ideological and historical role of communication practices and experienced lives in a globalised world. Linguistic Landscape is viewed as a metaphor and expanded to include a wide variety of discursive modalities: imagery, non-verbal communication, silence, tactile and aural communication, graffiti, smell, etc. The chapters in this book cover a range of geographical locations, and capture the history, motives, uses, causes, ideologies, communication practices and conflicts of diverse forms of languages as they may be observed in public spaces of the physical environment. The book is anchored in a variety of theories, methodologies and frameworks, from economics, politics and sociology to linguistics and applied linguistics, literacy and education, cultural geography and human rights.

There has been a great deal of talk about whether and how China will manage its need to provide enough energy to ensure continued economic growth while avoiding the local and global environmental impacts of its energy production and use. To listen to the political discourse, China is either a global leader on clean energy technologies and transformation or the largest source of emissions with serious, systemic local environmental degradation. How can it at once be a low-carbon leader and a laggard? China's ability to be both lies in the pace of its current energy transformation, its size, and its willingness to put in place tough policies to try and alter its current energy trajectory. With the current energy mix, China's rapid growth and the associated environmental implications will undoubtedly wreak havoc on the global climate and local environmental conditions. Chinese policymakers recognize the unsustainable nature of their development pathway and have instituted a series of policies to steer them toward a more sustainable course. These policies have attracted staggering amounts of investment and made China the most exciting market on Earth for clean energy technology ventures. The truth, however, is that this pathway will be difficult to journey and navigates a great deal of uncharted territory. If China manages to overcome these obstacles, it could help the rest of the global community overcome some shared challenges. In reality, the outlook for China's future energy use is enormously complicated and does not lend itself to a simple categorization of "leader" or "laggard." This report seeks to clarify key aspects of China's efforts to pursue a secure, low-carbon pathway and the challenges the government faces. - Publisher's description

Sowohl in Südafrika als auch in Nordirland ist die Gesellschaft tief gespalten; die Polizei wird von einer Minderheit (Nordirland) oder Mehrheit (Südafrika) als Repressionsinstrument gesehen. Beide Gesellschaften durchlaufen einen komplexen Prozess der Transformation mit neuen politischen Arrangements, in dem die Polizei eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Das Buch untersucht die Vergleichbarkeit dieses Prozesses zwischen den beiden Ländern und den Austausch zwischen ihnen. Es konzentriert sich dabei auf die Polizei und ihre Position in der Gesellschaft. (DÜI-Sbd)

The Lab, the Temple, and the Market tackles these complex questions in four separate essays. Each essay meshes a discussion of development issues and processes with a different system of religious belief: Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, and the Bahá'i Faith. The authors - each a scientist as well as a person of faith - show how religious belief and personal faith can be deeply motivational and strikingly fruitful in scientific pursuits. Further, they emphasize how their faith has brought them a profound understanding of interconnectedness and compassion, and thus a wider perspective and greater

The Lab, the Temple, and the Market tackles these complex questions in four separate essays. Each essay meshes a discussion of development issues and processes with a different system of religious belief: Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, and the Bah'i Faith. The authors each a scientist as well as a person of faith show how religious belief and personal faith can be deeply motivational and strikingly fruitful in scientific pursuits. Further, they emphasize how their faith has brought them a profound understanding of interconnectedness and compassion, and thus a wider perspective and greater.