Suchergebnisse

In the Americas, two types of racial systems developed at the confluence of migration streams from Europe and Africa. In the Caribbean, free persons of color emerged as an intermediary group between whites and large populations of Negro slaves. In British mainland colonies, whites came to treat all blacks, whether free or enslaved, mulatto or Negro, as a single social category (Hoetink 1967; Mörner 1967: 136–38).

Book reviewed in this article:Estrin, Saul; Cave, Martin, eds., Competition and competition policy: a comparative analysis of Central and Eastern EuropeSaunders, Christopher T., ed., The role of competition in economic transitionRichard Portes, ed., Economic transformation in Central Europe, London: Centre for Economic Policy Research and Brussels: the Office for Official Publications of the European CommunitiesCampbell, Robert, The failure of Soviet economic planning: system, performance, reform

Despite twenty years of British membership of the European Community (EC), considerable uncer tainty still remains about the nature and workings of the Community, Britain's role within it and the potential benefits that the Community offers to its citizens. This paper will attempt to sketch an outline of the European Community, highlighting, with illustrative examples, its impact on visually impaired people in Britain and Europe.

188Recognition — States — Criteria — Guidelines on the Recognition of New States in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union issued by the European Community and its Member States — Guarantees of human and minority rights — Respect for frontiers — Declaration on Yugoslavia — Republic of Slovenia — Whether fulfilling requirements for recognitionStates — Criteria for statehood — Effects of recognition — Yugoslavia — Republic of Slovenia — Whether meeting criteria for statehood

The origin of Modernity is a problem often neglected in current debate, and several landmarks are often suggested, such as the new science, the Renaissance, Descartes philosophical approach or the Illustration. In this paper it is suggested that the roots of Modernity could pre-date those conventional landmarks, and could be found in the great political and cultural conflicts that occurred in Europe in the Low Middle Age.

1492 : Europe discovers itself through the eyes of America.
Alain Ercker The discovery of America can be regarded as a question of images focused on the essential issue laying with the incapacity of thinking the other one. Therefore, the conquest of America may be understood as the attempt of a whole civilization to discover elsewhere the part it was unable to find within itself.

L'activité après 55 ans s'est considérablement réduite en Europe et Outre-Atlantique, conduisant à des réaménagements de la protection sociale qui dépassent largement les seuls systèmes de retraite. Cette sortie anticipée de la vie active transforme les transitions entre les étapes du parcours des âges, comme elles sont aussi transformées pour les jeunes, et elle tend à remettre en cause toute l'organisation sociale du cycle de vie.

Un article publié dans la revue "Economie et Statistique" de l'INSEE a proposé une nouvelle évaluation du "coût de l'enfant". Un numéro de la revue "Informations sociales" de la CNAF consacré aux politiques sociales en Europe comportait lui aussi un article consacré à ce thème. S'appuyant particulièrement sur ces deux contributions, cet article tente défaire le point sur l'état actuel des recherches dans ce domaine.

Book reviewed in this article:Ari Salminen: Organized Welfare: The Case of Finland's Welfare Bureaucracy ‐ A Nordic ComparisonGöran Djupsund og Lars Svåsand (red.): Partiorganisasjoner: Studier i struktur og processer i finske, norske, og svenske partierLeif Lewin: Samhället och de organiserade intressenaChristopher Hood & Michael Jackson: Administrative ArgumentBob Deacon (ed.): The New Eastern Europe: Social Policy Past, Present and FutureMarja Keranen (ed.): Gender and Politics in Finland

A region-wide defence build-up underway in the Asia-Pacific throughout the 1980s has continued even though the Cold War has ended, and despite the fact that defence budgets in Europe, in the USSR (now Russia), the USA and most of the third world have declined. The nature and causes of the build-up especially in Northeast and Southeast) are reviewed in this essay. (DÜI-Sen)

The economic, social, & national turmoil to which Eastern Europe awakened after the 1989 velvet revolution created a need among people to delete the communist experience from the collective memory. In Czechoslovakia, processes, some of them problematic, that followed from the new order after WWI are now reemerging, eg, the nationalist Slovak drive, & the appropriation & restitution of land & industrial properties. I. Shagrir

Considers Eastern Europe states, where communist rule was externally imposed, were relatively 'easy' to overcome; but those countries where quasi-legitimacy was achieved by mass movements, eg. China or the Soviet Union; and those under family dictatorships, eg. North Korea and Cuba, are not as subject to collapse. They resist liberalization in political terms, although economic changes are feasible as a half-way house. (Abstract amended)

Abstract
This article explores and engages with debates concerning the relation between internal and external 'Development' amongst nations. Types, trajectories, and patterns of economic growth and social structuring are investigated. Centering modes of trading and fiscal linkage and flow, the author concludes that 'a perspective from Europe', rather than a narrower 'British' view, has wider implications for the rest of the world.