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This paper explores occupational safety and health regulation in Great Britain following the UK's exit from the European Union. In particular, the paper focuses on the credibility of regulatory enforcement. The prospects raised by the UK's exit from the European Union have long been part of a free-market fantasy—even obsession—of right-wing politicians and their ideologues. As the UK's relationship with the EU is recalibrated, this will present right-wing opportunists with a new rationale for undermining health and safety law and enforcement. The paper uses empirical evidence of Great Britain's record in health and safety law enforcement to evidence a drift towards an extreme form of self-regulation. It deepens this evidence with a detailed analysis of key international policy debates, arguing that Brexit now raises an imminent threat of the UK entering a 'race to the bottom'. The paper concludes that the 2021 EU/UK Trade and Co-operation Agreement may enable the UK to evade its formal health and safety responsibilities under the treaty because of the lack of the prospect of significant retaliatory 'rebalancing' measures. Should minimal health and safety requirements cease to apply in the post-EU era, then the UK Government will be free to pursue a system of self-regulation that will allow health and safety standards to fall even further behind those of other developed economies.

This paper explores occupational safety and health regulation in Great Britain following the UK's exit from the European Union. In particular, the paper focuses on the credibility of regulatory enforcement. The prospects raised by the UK's exit from the European Union have long been part of a free-market fantasy—even obsession—of right-wing politicians and their ideologues. As the UK's relationship with the EU is recalibrated, this will present right-wing opportunists with a new rationale for undermining health and safety law and enforcement. The paper uses empirical evidence of Great Britain's record in health and safety law enforcement to evidence a drift towards an extreme form of self-regulation. It deepens this evidence with a detailed analysis of key international policy debates, arguing that Brexit now raises an imminent threat of the UK entering a 'race to the bottom'. The paper concludes that the 2021 EU/UK Trade and Co-operation Agreement may enable the UK to evade its formal health and safety responsibilities under the treaty because of the lack of the prospect of significant retaliatory 'rebalancing' measures. Should minimal health and safety requirements cease to apply in the post-EU era, then the UK Government will be free to pursue a system of self-regulation that will allow health and safety standards to fall even further behind those of other developed economies.

An examination of the effects of International Monetary Fund (IMF) lending policies on the sovereignty of less developed countries. Liberal, realist, & dependency theories are compared to analyze the implications of the borrower/lender relationship. The purportedly liberal outlook of the IMF is contrasted with the dependent trade patterns that it has maintained. Possible future developments are assessed. 2 Tables, 52 References. Adapted from the source document.

This article examines a rare folk ballad to revisit an 1888 Tennessee trial that newspapers referred to as the fastest in the country in which the death penalty was involved. If we look at this event using court records and newspapers, it tells a regrettably common story of a court under pressure from the populace skirting the protections of law. However, if we consider the trial as a performative endeavor, we can rightly consider other performative events, like folk songs, not as reflective of official events but as equivalents that help provide insight into the larger motives behind the court's actions.

This paper revisits the delicate relation between law and language, with language inevitable serving as the vehicle of legal deliberations and pronouncements, and in particular their seemingly irreconcilable qualities: while law is predicated on the concept of the rule of law (or Rechtsstaat) which in turn calls for a clear and predictable system of norms ensuring equal treatment, language is often indeterminate or ambiguous, the meaning of words unclear or uncertain. Is language even properly equipped to perform the role asked of it by law? This question is addressed by outlining and analysing the path traversed from the open-ended vagueness of linguistic terms to the uncompromising confines of their legal interpretation, both in the course of adopting legislation and in particular in the course of adopting judicial pronouncements on the meaning of linguistic terms employed. ; Razprava se posveča občutljivemu razmerju med pravom in jezikom, v katerem jezik služi kot neizogibno orodje pravnih razprav in odločitev, ter še posebej njunim na videz nezdružljivim značilnostim: medtem ko pravo temelji na konceptu vladavine prava oziroma načela pravne države (Rechtsstaat), ki zahteva jasen in predvidljiv sistem norm za zagotavljanje enake obravnave, je jezik pogosto nedoločen ali nejasen. Je jezik sploh ustrezno opremljen za izvajanje vloge, ki mu jo namenja pravo? To vprašanje razprava obravnava z orisom in analizo poti od odprte nejasnosti jezikovnih izrazov do brezkompromisne zamejitve njihove pravne razlage, tako v postopku sprejemanja zakonodaje kot v postopku sprejemanja sodnih odločitev o pomenu uporabljenih izrazov

In all states governed by the rule of law the administration is subject to the law and supervision by the courts on the same basis as any individual/citizen, in accordance with the principle of the supremacy of the law. The author only represents the most important instruments in the field of international law concerning control over administration, which supervise the implementation of human rights in the country that has ratified the respective instruments. Therefore, the ratification and incorporation of international normative legal instruments in the form of conventions, such as the European Convention on Human Rights within the national legal order, impose the obligation for a certain state to respect or protect the rights guaranteed by the respective Convention, as well as the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights that governs the interpretation and proper application of the Convention, the relevant European Court of Human Rights case-law setting standards for assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of public administration. Hence, this case law should act as a guideline for improving legal regulations and, under certain circumstances, avoiding the initiation of an administrative dispute before competent national courts, if objectively possible. However, due to certain reasons which will be elaborated upon in this paper, some deviations can occur and, for that matter, judicial review means review by courts of administrative action with a view to ensuring their legality as well as providing the protection and realization of the rights and legal interests of citizens in the sphere of administrative law. ; U svim zemljama u kojima je prihvaćena vladavina prava uprava je podvrgnuta pravu i nadzoru od strane sudova na istim temeljima kao i pojedinac/građanin, u skladu s principom supremacije prava. Autor prikazuje samo najvažnije instrumente u području međunarodnog prava koji se tiču kontrole nad upravom, koji osiguravaju nadzor nad ostvarenjem zaštite ljudskih prava u zemlji koja je ramificirala dotične instrumente. Stoga ratifikacija i inkorporacija međunarodnih normativnih pravnih instrumenata u obliku konvencija u nacionalni pravni poredak, poput Europske konvencije o ljudskim pravima, postavlja obvezu državi za poštivanjem ili zaštitom prava garantiranih Konvencijom, kao i presuda Europskog suda za ljudska prava koji se brine o interpretaciji i pravilnoj primjeni Konvencije, relevantnih standarda za procjenu učinkovitosti i uspješnosti javne uprave postavljenih u presudama Europskog suda za ljudska prava. Ove bi presude trebale služiti kao smjernice za poboljšanje pravne regulacije i, pod određenim okolnostima, omogućiti izbjegavanje upravnih sporova pred nadležnim domaćim sudovima, ako je to objektivno moguće. Međutim, zbog određenih razloga, koji će biti elaborirani u ovome članku, može doći do devijacija i zbog toga, sudski nadzor znači nadzor od strane upravnih sudova s ciljem osiguranja zakonitosti kao i osiguranja zaštite i ostvarenja prava i pravnih interesa građana u sferi upravnog prava. ; In Einklang mit dem Grundsatz des Vorrangs des Rechts, ist die Verwaltung in allen rechtsstaatlichen Ländern auf gleicher Grundlage wie Einzelpersonen und Bürger dem Recht und Ge richten unterworfen. Der Autor stellt auschlaggebende Instrumente im Bereich des Völkerrechts in Bezug auf Überprüfung der Verwaltung, welche die Umsetzung der Menschenrechte im Land, das die genannten Instrumente ratifiziert hat, übersieht, dar. Die Ratifizierung und Einführung internationaler Rechtsinstrumente in Form von Konventionen, wie die EMRK, in nationale Rechtssysteme verpflichten den Staat die unter der Konvention gewährleisteten Rechte, sowie die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Standards für Überprüfung von Effizienz und Wirksamkeit der öffentlichen Verwaltung, zu schützen. Deswegen sollte die Rechtsprechung dazu dienen, die Rechtsvorschriften zu verbessern, sowie, unter bestimmten Umständen, Einleitung Verwaltungsstreitigkeiten vor nationalen Gerichten, falls möglich, zu verhindern. Trotzdem kommt es zu Abweichungen, und gerichtliche Überprüfung bedeute Überprüfung der Verwaltungsakten um ihre Legalität zu gewährleisten und Schutz sowie Verwirklichung von Rechten und Rechtsinteressen der Bürger im Bereich des Verwaltungsrechts zu bieten. ; In tutti gli stati governati dal principio di legalità l'amministrazione è soggetta al diritto e alla supervisione dalle corti sulle stesse basi come qualunque individuo/cittadino, in conformità con il principio della supremazia del diritto. Autore presenta soltanto gli strumenti più importanti nel campo del diritto internazionale relativi al controllo sull'amministrazione, i quali supervisionano l'implementazione dei diritti dell'uomo nel paese che ha ratificato i rispettivi strumenti. Pertanto, la ratificazione e l'incorporazione degli strumenti legali normativi internazionali nella forma di convenzioni, come la Convenzione europea dei diritti dell'uomo all'interno del ordinamento legale nazionale, impone l'obbligo per un certo stato di rispettare o proteggere i diritti garantiti dalla rispettiva Convenzione, proprio come la giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo determina l'interpretazione e l'appropriata applicazione della Convenzione, la giurisprudenza della rilevante Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo stabilisce gli standard per valutare l'efficienza e l'effettività della pubblica amministrazione. Quindi, questa giurisprudenza potrebbe fungere da linea guida per il miglioramento delle regolazioni legali e in certe circostanze per evitare l'avvio di un contenzioso amministrativo difronte alle corti nazionali competenti qualora questo sarebbe oggettivamente possibile. Comunque, a causa di certe ragioni che saranno elaborate in questo lavoro, alcune deviazioni possono avvenire, come pure delle revisioni giudiziarie, il che significa una revisione dalle corti delle azioni amministrative con una prospettiva sulla garanzia della legalità proprio come fornire la protezione e la realizzazione dei diritti e degli interessi legali dei cittadini nella sfera del diritto amministrativo.

Bill introduced by the Texas House of Representatives relating to jurisdiction in a suit for adoption of a child and the mandatory transfer of certain suits affecting the parent-child relationship to the court in which a suit for adoption is pending.