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A critique is presented of the assumption that people pursue their self-interest in each act. It is, thus, a critique of the "rationality" assumption used, among other places, in economic theory. Two types of departures are contrasted: "sympathy" & "commitment." An analysis is included of the structural extension in the conception of preference made necessary by behavior based on rational assessment of commitment. Preferences as rankings have to be replaced by a richer structure involving metarankings & related concepts. AA.

This study examines cross-national differences in gender earnings gaps in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. It applies an extended model of the gender gap decomposition method, and tests four hypotheses, each of which focuses on a different possible source of the cross-national difference in gender gap. The decomposition results support the hypothesis emphasizing the cross-national difference in the distribution of males and females and the hypothesis emphasizing the difference in pay discrimination; the results do not support the hypothesis that the differences occur because of cross-national differences in females' human capital. The main reasons for the larger gender earnings gaps in Japan and Korea than in Taiwan are higher segregation by gender and higher degrees of within-job pay discrimination in Japan and Korea. Despite similarities in welfare policies toward women, the difference in employment practices creates a substantial intra-regional variation in gender pay inequality in East Asia.

This research paper reviews existing literature of two domains, Electronic Government (e-Government) and Economic Growth. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Technology Acceptance Models (TAM), and Neoclassical theory are ‎all discussed to help develop an integrated view of both domains. More specifically, in terms of ‎theory, it is hoped that this paper may extend its explanatory power beyond current limits. This ‎paper presents, for the benefit of decision makers, a practical framework held together by a logical ‎cohesion between the units of analysis, structures, and processes. This framework is ‎derived from ‎the basic theories and models and latest research done in these fields. It is found that the key ‎variable linking e-Government portals to the economic growth is Competitiveness. In this conception, ‎competitiveness becomes the mediator through which the antecedent variable of e-government ‎leads to a change in the consequent variable of economic growth. Simply put, e-government may ‎stimulate economic growth via enhancing the competitiveness of economic actors. Hence, ‎decision makers in different governmental bodies, may use this integrated framework as a tool to ‎promote technology-based economic growth in the context of competitiveness goals.‎

This publication, one of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean's most important annual reports, analyzes in its latest edition the economic performance of the region throughout the year, including the international context and macroeconomic policies implemented by the Commission's Member States, while also providing an outlook for 2023.

This publication, one of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean's most important annual reports, analyzes in its latest edition the economic performance of the region throughout the year, including the international context and macroeconomic policies implemented by the Commission's Member States, while also providing an outlook for 2022.

This book, the first of two volumes, brings together the work of Domenico Mario Nuti to highlight his significant and varied contribution to economics. Bringing together works from across Nutis career, his distinctive intellectual framework is exemplified in relation to discussions on the drivers of economic growth and development, the most efficient economic system, the organisation of firms, and how economies should be managed. This volume gives particular attention to socialist economic systems, and the transition of former socialist countries to market economies. This book, through the inclusion of an introduction, aims to contextualise his ideas and illustrate their continued relevance. It will be of wide interest to students and researchers. Domenico Mario Nuti was Professor of Economics at La Sapienza University in Rome and the European University Institute in Florence. He also held positions at the University of Cambridge, University of Birmingham, and the London Business School. Saul Estrin is Emeritus Professor of Managerial Economics and Strategy at LSE. Milica Uvalic is Professor of Economics at the University of Perugia.

In 2008, a clinical practice guideline (CPG) was developed for the prevention of infections among military personnel with combat-related injuries. Our analysis expands on a prior 6-month evaluation and assesses CPG adherence with respect to antimicrobial prophylaxis for U.S. combat casualties medically evacuated to Landstuhl Regional Medical Center over a 1-year period (June 2009 through May 2010), with an eventual goal of continuously monitoring CPG adherence and measuring outcomes as a function of compliance. We classified adherence to the CPG as receipt of recommended antimicrobials within 48 hours of injury. A total of 1106 military personnel eligible for CPG assessment were identified and 74% received antimicrobial prophylaxis. Overall, CPG compliance within 48 hours of injury was 75%. Lack of antimicrobial prophylaxis contributed 2 to 22% to noncompliance varying by injury category, whereas receipt of antibiotics other than preferred was 11 to 30%. For extremity injuries, antimicrobial prophylaxis adherence was 60 to 83%, whereas it was 80% for closed injuries and 68% for penetrating abdominal injuries. Overall, the results of our analysis suggest an ongoing need to improve adherence, monitor CPG compliance, and assess effectiveness.

Recommendations -- Conclusions -- Report to Senate Fact-finding Committee on Commerce and Economic Development: Introduction ; Natural resources ; Timber and products ; Agriculture and its products ; Brewing ; Canned fish ; Construction ; Manufacturing ; Electronics ; Ship building ; Chemicals ; Plastics ; Apparel and textiles ; Motion pictures and television ; Transportation ; Air transport ; Wholesales trade ; Armed forces expenditures -- Appendix: Examples of expanding industrial development program in various states ; Suggested guides in organizing State planning services ; Business climate ; Assembly Concurrent resolution no. 26 ; California public outdoor recreation plan act ; A California public recreation plan ; Senate Committee hearing of Mar. 6, 1957 ; Northern California World Trade Center ; The Northern California Ports and Terminals Bureau ; California Legislature, 1957 general session ; Mode of access: Internet.

Together with the IMF and the World Bank, the EMU is the biggest monetary project in the history of mankind. Its goals are reduction of trade costs between its member-states, increase in the convergence in their relations and their economic growth. The main pillars of the monetary institutions were set up for its normal operation. However, the member-countries kept their fiscal sovereignty. The EMU was not a part of a larger political integration of the member-countries. It enabled them to make political decisions on a national level which were not in line with the so-called Maastricht criteria. The outcome of the lack of a political union is: growing budget deficits and continuing growth of the public debt of most of the member-states of the EMU. A debt crisis was created which shakes the basis not only of the EMU but also of the EU. For the first time in its six and a half decade existence, the EU faces an existential crisis. The exit of this condition lies in redesigning the basic structures on which it stands. This process might be fatal, as well as painful for the EU. In such a situation, the Balkan aspiring memberstates will have to wait longer to enter the union. In the meantime, to protect their national economic and political tissue, as well as to prepare for the accession in the EU, a regional cooperation and union is a necessity. A Balkan Economic Union in which Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, Turkey and Macedonia will be a part will help in achieving the goal of entering the EU less painfully. The Balkans can finally cease being the "gunpowder barrel". With application of a quality, historic, comparative and descriptive method, this paper presents the possibilities and opportunities of this model of designing a political and economic picture of the Balkans. The aim of this paper is to show that with such a union, the Balkan countries have a serious chance to overcome, still, the prevalent antagonisms and thus clear the way to their final destination – the EU.

Abstract
The research in this paper focuses on the perception of institutions as the drivers of economic growth. A critical presentation of the views of classical, neoclassical and endogenous growth theorists on this issue is given. It was pointed out that the classical economic theory presented in the works of Smith, Ricardo and Malthus implies the importance of the existence of an appropriate institutional framework for initiating economic growth. The attitude of the classics is that the state can stimulate economic growth through various measures aimed at building quality institutions. On the contrary, the neoclassical growth theory has completely neglected the treatment of institutions in the analysis of economic growth. Institutions as drivers of economic growth are not taken into account in the Robert Solow's model. However, broadly speaking, it can be assumed that the impact of institutions on the initiation of economic growth is embedded in the category of residuals and the premise of the existence of a high substitution of production factors. But, this fact, even from a distance, does not call into question the general conclusion about the unacceptable neglect of the importance of institutions in explaining the physiology of economic growth by neoclassicists. Finally, the paper emphasizes the fact that only with the emergence of an endogenous growth theory, the question of the underdevelopment of the institutions as an important model of slow economic progress of certain countries is explored. Unfortunately, the developed theoretical models of growth, which include institutions as a full concept, still do not exist in the endogenous theory of economic development.

"Economic development depends heavily on the growth of social sectors like education, healthcare, gender equality, as well as factors like income, consumption, investment and trade. This book examines the interlinkages between development, good governance and spending on social growth. The book focuses on different areas of social growth, public welfare and poverty reduction including managing human resource, corruption in public institutions, public spaces as well as health and welfare measures. The chapters in the volume highlight the role of government interventions in boosting human development - particularly in developing countries in Asia and Africa and many developed countries in the post-COVID scenario. The book also examines the foundations of government spending on development and effective governance while underlining the impact which social growth has on the economy. Rich in theoretical and empirical perspectives, this book will be useful for students and researchers of economics, sociology, political studies, public finance, development studies as well as for policy makers and think tanks working in the areas of human development"--

A number of recent scholarly analytical studies which place pop issues in Asia in their proper perspective are discussed. 55% of today's world pop lives in Asia. By 1980 it is expected to increase by 75%. This assumes continued high birthrates with mortality decreasing. Japan appears to have successfully introduced birth control, but this experience should not be generalized. Her case has special features. On the contrary her most important moral remains the virtual certainty of rapid growth rates in Asia for some decades. Birth control is clearly becoming an internat issue. Yet it can clearly not alone cure man's tendency to outstrip available resources. A comprehensive balanced & dynamic development is needed in which pop policy takes its rightful place. IPSA.