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Psoriasis is one of the skin's chronic inflammatory diseases. Psoriasis etiology isn't exactly known. Recently, it has been suggested that the imbalances in oxidant-antioxidant status happening because of the increase in reactive oxygen species production (ROS) and/or deficient function regarding the antioxidant system might be included in psoriasis pathogenesis. The major goal is to evaluate the antioxidant defense status in patients experiencing psoriasis and oxidative stresses represented by malondialdehyde (MDA) level and evaluate liver enzymes and vitamin D3. There are some tests of biochemical parameters and vitamins (GSH, MDA, VitD3, SOD, GPx, CAT, AST, ALT, and ALP) are conducted on 35 patients experiencing psoriasis. The results indicated that the significant increase in MDA in psoriatic patients in comparison to the control at (P<0.05), while the level of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) decreased significantly in psoriatic subjects compare to control. No significances differences in levels of liver enzymes in psoriatic patients compared to the control group.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations of Works by Aristotle -- Introduction -- Part I: The Logos of Logos -- Chapter 1: Language, Logic, and Metaphysics: The Being with Logos and the Logos of Being -- Part II: The Logos of Phusis -- Chapter 2: "For There Are Gods Here Too": Embodied Essence, Two-Footedness, and the Animal with Logos -- Chapter 3: The Significance of Self-Nourishment: Aristotle's De Anima II.4 -- Chapter 4: Flesh as Logos -- Chapter 5: Perception, Thought, and Error in Aristotle's De Anima -- Chapter 6: "Actuality in the First Sense" and the Question of Human Nature in Aristotle -- Part III: The Logos of Ethos -- Chapter 7: Wishful Thinking in Aristotle -- Chapter 8: The Dissociative Power of Logos in Taking Account of Oneself -- Chapter 9: Aristotle on the Rationality of Virtue -- Chapter 10: Learning How to Be at Leisure through Musical Education -- Part IV: The Logos of the Polis -- Chapter 11: The Vicissitudes of Logos: On Nature, Character, and Time-of-Life -- Chapter 12: Practical Logos in Aristotle's Ethics, Rhetoric, and Politics -- Chapter 13: The Movement of Political Animals -- Chapter 14: Aristotle: The Politics of Life and the Life of Politics -- Chapter 15: Logos and the Polis in the Poetics -- Bibliography -- Contributors -- Index.

The public work (PW) programmes have been the major active labour market policy tools since 2011 in Hungary. Majority of the public workers were inactive before the programme. Due to this the labour supply considerably increased in those district, which got significantly more subsidy from the central government for PW programmes. Large portion of the public work funds was distributed to those districts, which were below the country average development level. As the programme budget was not evenly distributed among districts, I can use this as variation to identify the indirect effect of the programme on the private sector. I estimate the effect of public work programmes on the private sector wage using regression discontinuity design. According to my estimations the private sector wage level is lower on average by 9% between 2013-2017 among the low-skilled workers in those districts where the number of public workers is higher. In the mean time in these district the private sector employment dynamics is 4% higher. This gives a (-0.43) elasticity of labour demand, which is in-line with the previous estimates for Hungary.

AbstractAlthough the effects of globalization on income inequality has received much attention, missing from the discussion is the role played by credit rating agencies (CRAs) on income inequality. Using a sample of seventy developing countries from 1990–2015, we find that bond ratings have significant, yet indirect, effects on income inequality. We see that interest rate spreads, and to a lesser degree tax, labor, and monetary policies, mediate the relationship between ratings and income inequality. Specifically, developing countries receiving bond downgrades observe a rise in interest rate spreads. Countries with higher interest rate spreads tend to have less available credit, which reduces output and production, promoting surplus labor and its consequences for those at the bottom of the income distribution. Bond downgrades also compel developing countries to pursue neoliberal reforms, endorsed by the CRAs, in an attempt to lift their ratings. The effects of tax, labor, and monetary policies, in particular, appear to enlarge disparities between the rich and the poor. Our research helps to identify the mechanism by which CRAs and globalization, more generally, impact wealth disparities in the developing world.

This study examines the effect of the Fiscal Responsibility Act on budgeting and accountability practice in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. Specifically, the study determines the relationship between the pre and post effect of the Reform Act to ascertain if there is any significant difference in the management of the nation's fiscal operations. The study made use of secondary data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Annual Reports and Accounts, the Central Bank Nigeria Statistical Bulletins and report of the Accountant -General of the Federation as audited by the Auditor General of the Federation for the period under study. Six research questions and seven hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The data generated for this study were presented in tables, graphs and mean scores and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. The hypotheses were tested using the T test of difference and the Pearson Correlation r . Results revealed among others that the number of months of default on the publication of Federal Government Audited Accounts was reduced in the post Fiscal Responsibility Act era. Again, there is a significant negative trend in the mean corruption index after the introduction of the Act and that actual capital expenditure is more closely related to capital expenditure budget in the post than pre Fiscal Responsibility Act period. Based on the findings, we recommended that budgeting and accountability practice should be made more proactive by imbibing the culture of timely auditing and reporting standards as stated in sections 49 and 50 of the Fiscal Responsibility Act, 2007. Okegbe, T. O. "Effect of Fiscal Responsibility Act on Budgeting and Accountability Practice in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26639.pdf

AbstractDecreasing CO2 emissions, a top priority of climate change mitigation, requires moving away from fossil fuels and towards renewable energy. Research shows that women tend to exhibit more knowledge about climate change, environmental concerns, and pro‐environmental behaviour than men. Theories linking descriptive and substantive representation suggest that women representatives better represent women citizens' policy preferences. Therefore, do higher levels of women's parliamentary participation increase renewable energy consumption? A time‐series cross‐sectional analysis of 100 democracies from 1997 to 2017 provides evidence for such a relationship in both high‐ and middle‐income democracies. Lagged modelling demonstrates that high‐income states see more immediate effects while they take longer to materialize in middle‐income states. These findings contribute to our growing understanding of women's role in policymaking outside of 'women's issues' and offer a means of advancing climate‐friendly energy policy.

Background: Directional sounds simulated using nonindividualized head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) often result in front-back confusion. Objective: This study was designed to examine how manipulating these nonindividualized HRTF spectra can reduce front-back confusion in headphone-simulated directional sounds. Method: HRTFs of six ear-level directions were studied (angles of 0°, 45°, 135°, 180°, 225°, and 315°). The HRTF gains in each of six frequency bands (200 to 690 Hz, 690 to 2400 Hz, 2400 to 6500 Hz, 6500 to 10000 Hz, 10000 to 14000 Hz, and 14000 to 22000 Hz) were amplified or attenuated by 0, 12, or 18 dB. Each manipulated HRTF generated a directional sound stimulus. For this study, 32 participants were invited to localize the randomly ordered stimuli. Results: The results indicate that a 12- or 18-dB manipulation of five of the six frequency bands produced significantly better directional accuracy, with significantly less front-back confusion. A reduction of up to 70% in localization error was obtained, along with 66% less front-back confusion. Significant interactions were found between the manipulation level and frequency. Conclusion: A 12-dB spectral manipulation of selected HRTF frequency bands produces better directional accuracy. Application: The results of this research could be applied to the development of tunable nonindividualized HRTFs for audio products.

AbstractThis study examined whether parental control differentially predicted children's effortful control and adjustment depending on children's levels of executive control and delay ability. Using longitudinal data, the study included 241 preschool‐age children and their mothers. Fifty‐seven percent of the sample was lower income and included 64% White, 10% Latino/Hispanic, 9% Black, 3% Asian‐American, 2% Native or American Indian, and 12% multiple racial/ethnic backgrounds. Interactions between aspects of parental and child control at 3‐years‐old were tested as predictors of mother‐reported child effortful control at 4.5 years and teacher‐reported adjustment at 5.5 years. Children's early levels of executive control and delay ability moderated the relations of some forms of parental control with child outcomes, although several hypothesized interactions were nonsignificant. Low parental autonomy respect predicted higher externalizing for children initially high in executive control but predicted lower externalizing for children initially low in executive control. Conversely, high autonomy respect predicted higher impulsivity for children low in delay ability but higher social competence for children high in delay ability. Finally, low maternal negative control predicted higher internalizing for children low in delay ability, whereas it predicted higher internalizing for children high in delay ability. These findings suggest that in some cases the type and degree of parental control should match a child's level of effortful control to support their social, emotional, and behavioral adjustment optimally.

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand des Artikels ist die Schätzung einer Translog-Produktionsfunktion, die die Auswirkungen der Bevölkerungsentwicklung auf die Produktion heute und im Jahr 2020 betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine Entwicklung hin, die zu steigenden Disparitäten führt. Schon heute ist ein starkes Stadt-Land-Gefälle zu beobachten. Der Einbezug der Bevölkerung im Jahr 2020 unterstützt dieses Ergebnis zusätzlich mit dem Nachweis eines Ost-West-Gefälles zwischen den östlichen eher peripheren und den westlichen verstädterten Regionen. In den weiteren Betrachtungen wird zusätzlich ein Nord-Süd-Gefälle deutlich. Hier ist in den süddeutschen Regionen eine höhere Zunahme des Faktors Arbeit als in den übrigen Regionen zu beobachten.
Allgemein profitieren die Städte von Zuwanderung, während die peripheren Regionen mit Schrumpfungstendenzen konfrontiert sind. Eine Betrachtung aus wirtschaftspolitischer Sicht deckt den verstärkten Zielkonflikt zwischen Wachstum und Verteilung auf.