Suchergebnisse

Concepts are contextual. The relationship between the concept and the meaning is always formed within the context of time/space and society. The contextual relationship a society develops with the concept shows the meaning the said society attributes to it. Concepts are the object of theories while theories are the subject of concepts. In the traditional period, each society used concepts and theories suitable for their contexts. However, this has changed due to modernism, with which all societies in the world have started using Western-centric concepts and theories. Engaging in scientific activities with concepts and theories imported from the West distorts the web of significance in the East or, in other words, transforms this web of significance with a Westward orientation. Moving from this point, this study examines concepts and theory of public policy imported from the West and underlines the necessity of novel concepts and theory unique to Eastern societies in the general sense and to the society of Turkey in the specific sense. ; Kavramlar bağlamsaldırlar. Kavram ve anlam ilişkisi bir zaman / mekân ve toplum bağlamında şekillenmektedir. Bir toplumun şey ile kurduğu bağlamsal ilişki o toplumun şeye verdiği anlamı göstermektedir. Kavramlar kuramların nesnesi, kuramlar ise kavramların öznesidirler. Geleneksel dönemde her toplum kendi bağlamına uygun kavram ve kuramları kullanmıştır. Ancak bu durum modernleşme ile değişmiştir. Modernleşme ile bütün dünya toplumları Batı merkezli kavramları ve kuramları kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Batı'dan ithal edilen kavram ve kuramlarla bilimsel bir eyleme girişilmesi Doğu'daki anlam ağını bozmakta ya da bu anlam ağını Batı'ya doğru dönüştürmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada Batı'dan ithal edilen kamu politikası kavram ve kuramı mercek altına alınmış ve genelde Doğu toplumlarının özelde ise Türkiye'nin yeni ve kendi toplumuna özgü kavram ve kuram ihtiyacına dikkat çekilmiştir.

This volume analyzes discourses in which religion is used to legitimize political violence. The research centers on both premodern and modern Islam and Christianity outside the post-industrial world, with a particular focus on the Middle East and Latin America, thus filling a gap in the existing literature. The resulting study and its contribution to conflict resolution is relevant for academics and political practitioners alike

To understand the heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils along the East River basin and assess the pollution related health effect to local residents, interviews and archived data were obtained to identify the study sites affected by polluted tailing. Soil samples were collected and tested for heavy metal content and the Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI). The degree of pollution of agricultural soils in the area was assessed using GIS-based Spatial distribution map of heavy metals and the trend of soil heavy metal risk. Two villages (Matian and Zhudui) near the East River were included in this study for health effect assessment. A total of 193 residents aged 15 or above from each village were tested for the present status of chronic diseases. Convenient sampling method was used to collect blood samples from 78 residents for heavy metal concentration. The contents of Pb, Cd, As, Zn, and Cu in the agricultural soils were all over the standards with a moderate to severe CPI. Among these metals, Cd was the highest followed by Pb, and Cu was the lowest. The contents of Pb, Cd, As, and Zn tend to be higher in soils closer to the river. The prevalence of chronic diseases was over 30%, which is significantly higher than the report from the national central region (23.15%). The average blood lead level (BLL) among children under 14 years is 7.42 &mu ; g/dL. Although the adults in Matian village had a significantly higher BLL (&chi ; 2 = 8.70, p = 0.03) as compared to Zhudui village, there was no significant difference for the prevalence of chronic diseases between the two villages (&chi ; 2 = 3.23, p = 0.09). The mean BLL of children and the proportion of children with BLL &ge ; 10 µ ; g/dL in this study are equivalent to the national average. The higher BLL concentration and prevalence of chronic diseases in adults might be due to their long-term exposure to heavy metal contamination environment and higher background level of heavy metals. Findings from this study will form the baseline information for local government to the development of effective approaches to control the heavy metal contamination and reduce the pollution related adverse health effect on local residents.

The implementation of austerity measures presents a dilemma for governments. While austerity measures such as cutbacks aim to reduce costs and enhance public sector efficiency, the same measures might undermine the motivation of employees and, consequently, the prospects of effectively implementing austerity programmes. Based on a survey of ministerial officials in Poland and Latvia, this article finds that the scale of cutbacks explains a larger decline of staff motivation in Latvia than in Poland. The article further shows that motivation was more likely to decrease after the crisis if austerity measures involved cutbacks such as staff reductions, recruitment freezes, and a reduction of training opportunities.

The artistic activity of Tadeusz Kuntze, nicknamed 'Taddeo Polacco' (Zielona Góra 1727 – Rome1793) has not as yet been properly evaluated, despite him having been one of the most prolific painters active in Rome from the mid-1760s to the 1780s. An attempt at placing Kuntze's creative accomplishments in a broader context of artistic interconnections and influences has been made. Among the latter, it is Kuntze's bonds with the Spanish colony in Rome that are of special importance, particularly the impact of his art on the formation of young Francisco Goya. A separate, however not less important issue is the influence of the Polish artist on the Madrazo family of painters whose members played a key role in 19th-century Spanish art.

The scientific article is dedicated to the study of the origins and features of the art collecting at the territory of modern Ukraine. Socio-cultural, geo-political and historical preconditions of the XVII–XVIII centuries became subject for consideration while making conclusions as to why and when art collecting became widespread among the ruling elites and noble families of the region.The article examines the history of such collections, their main characteristics and components at the time when Ukraine was divided into Left-bank and Right-bank.The research identifies main types of artistic practices widespread at that time in Ukraine, which served as the source of collectibles for private and primary institutional collections. The article considers differences of art collecting phenomenon caused by geographical context (Right-bank, Left-bank Ukraine) and by changes in political and religious factors, all having impact on the behaviour and preferences of collectors. The research covers names of well-known art collectors and demonstrates examples of collections, which laid the foundation for the transformation of collecting from the individual accumulation and preservation of cultural values to the formation of museum-level collections of national and worldwide importance.Keywords: collecting, art collecting, collectors, the phenomenon of art collecting, the history of art collecting. ; Наукова стаття присвячена вивченню витоків та особливостей становлення та розвитку мистецького колекціонування на території сучасної України. Розглядаються соціокультурні, геополітичні та історичні особливості періоду XVII–XVIII століття, коли мистецьке колекціонування набуло значного поширення серед правлячих еліт та знатних родів регіону.На прикладі окремих тогочасних приватних колекцій на території Правобережної та Лівобережної України, у статті досліджено історію створення, характерні особливості та основні складові таких колекцій. Виявлені історичні особливості мистецьких практик, поширених на території України, що були джерелом колекційних предметів для формування приватних та тогочасних інституційних колекцій. Розглянуті відмінності розвитку та поширення феномену мистецького колекціонування у географічному розрізі (Правобережна, Лівобережна Україна) та проаналізовано вплив змін політичних та релігійних чинників на поведінку та вподобання колекціонерів. Належна увага приділяється окремим особистостям, та конкретним прикладам тогочасних колекцій, що заклали фундамент для трансформації колекціонування від окремого накопичення та збереження культурних цінностей до формування колекцій музейного рівня, загальнонаціонального та світового значення.Ключові слова: колекціонування, мистецьке колекціонування, колекціонери, феномен колекціонування, історія колекціонування.

Wie beeinflussen Eliten weiterhin die Entwicklung von Kommunen in postsowjetischen Ländern Europas? Dieses Buch befasst sich mit der Frage der lokalen Führung in den Ländern Ostmitteleuropas. Genauer gesagt ist es der Versuch, das Profil und die Rolle der lokalen politischen Eliten (Mitglieder der Gemeinderäte) in sechs Städten in sechs Übergangsdemokratien der Region vergleichend zu untersuchen. How does the elite continue to affect the evolution of local communities in the developing region of former Sovietized Europe? This book is concerned with the issue of local leadership in the countries of East-Central Europe. It is an attempt to examine, with a comparative method, the profile and the role of the local political elites (members of the Municipal Councils) in six towns in six transitional democracies of the region.

<p>O presente estudo busca uma reflexão sobre a análise do retrocesso social com a revogação do art. 27 da lei 3807/60 e a não recepção do art. 7º da lei 5890/73 pela lei 8213/91, em que faz com que, a partir deste momento, tacitamente, haja um tratamento desigual entre os afastados por mais de 5 anos no auxílio-doença e os aposentados por invalidez, deixando de conceder a ambos a prestação de readaptação prevista no art. 47 da lei de benefícios atual. Assim, temos como objetivo, demonstrar que a reforma previdenciária supra, reduziu o direito social de forma ilegal e inconstitucional.</p>

In the battle for minds and hearts of young Muslims in Eastern Anatolia, the Risale-i Nur movement inspired by the writings of Said Nursi may prove to be the most effective peace-oriented alternative to the xenophobic teachings of isis. As the most influential Muslim thinker in Turkey in the 20th Century, Nursi still attracts the attention and loyalty of great number of Turks and Kurds. Nursi was one of the earliest to call for Muslim-Christian cooperation in the struggle against ignorance, poverty, and disunity. His message of peace and dialogue offer a sound foundation for both ethnic tolerance and interreligious harmony.

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is, first of all, to explore that which is essentially male/masculine in Afro-Sudanese culture and once explored, to reach deeper into its discursive portrayal in modern Sudanese narrative discourse. The paper uses a number of representative short stories written since the early thirties in northern Sudan as sites of inquiry. Drawing from existing studies on the male in the East and the West, the paper examines the representation of male and masculinity in modern Sudanese narrative discourse using the following as strategies: gender conflicts and politics, intra-gender paradoxes, the male as satire and allegory, and the male as a myth.

This article is the result of a master's research carried out in the framework of studies on psychoanalysis, art and politics. It aims to make an articulation between elements of Bertolt Brecht's exile and his thought from the perspective of Fredric Jameson, in the book Brecht and Method (2013). Therefore, it was necessary to bring into the discussion a production from Brecht's exile - titled Kriegsfibel.