Suchergebnisse

Weathering the storm: the Russia trade in the first two decades of the seventeenth century -- Turning the corner: the "new" Muscovy Company emerges -- The Russia merchants and their trade partners, 1620s-40s: from London to Moscow -- An enterprise recovered: the Russia trade, 1620s-40s -- The English quest for justice in Russia -- Of foes, fraud, and friends in the Russia trade -- The end of an era in the Russia trade

Introduction: Conceptualizing slavery in global Africa -- Issues of enslavement -- Ethnicity, culture and religion in global Africa -- Experiences of the enslaved in Africa -- Regulation and patterns in collaboration in the slave trade -- Enforced migration -- Pawnship, slavery and freedom -- Concubinage, polygyny, and the status of women -- Children of the slave trade -- Enslaved Muslims from the central Sudan -- Life stories of enslavement -- Transatlantic transformations in identities -- Freedom narratives of trans-Atlantic slavery -- The odyssey of Catherine Mulgrave Zimmermann -- Identity and diaspora in global Africa -- Situating identities: methodology through the ethnic lens -- Scarification and the loss of history in the African diaspora -- Enslaved Africans and their expectations of slave life in the Americas -- Conclusion: Reflections on the study of slavery.

Theories and state-of-the-art -- Beyond the state-of-the-art -- Methodology and empirical design -- Historical, political and social contexts of ethnic minorities in Central and Eastern Europe -- Quantitative results -- Qualitative results -- Conclusions: What do we learn from Euro-minorities?

Brinkmanship and intransigence at the frontier -- Enclaves and exclaves -- S-Bahn incidents -- The paramilitary response to threatened invasions -- Policing demonstrations and protests near the border -- Illicit smuggling -- Wanderers between two worlds -- The murky world of espionage -- The art of kidnapping -- Impact of the Berlin Wall.

"How did the Civil War and the emancipation of the South's four million slaves reconfigure the natural landscape and the farming economy dependent upon it? An important reconsideration of the Civil War's role in southern history, Unredeemed Land uncovers the environmental constraints that shaped the rural South's transition to capitalism during the late nineteenth century. Dixie's 'King Cotton' required extensive land use techniques, fresh soil, and slave-based agriculture in order to remain profitable. But wartime destruction and the rise of the contract labor system closed off those possibilities and necessitated increasingly intensive cultivation in ways that worked against the environment. The resulting disconnect between farmers' use of the land and what the natural environment could support went hand-in-hand with the economic dislocation of freedpeople, poor farmers, and sharecroppers. Drawing on extensive archival and governmental sources as well as scholarship in the natural sciences, Erin Mauldin demonstrates how the Civil War and emancipation accelerated ongoing ecological change in ways that hastened the postbellum collapse of the region's subsistence economy, encouraged the expansion of cotton production, and ultimately kept cotton farmers trapped in a cycle of debt and tenancy. The first environmental history to bridge the antebellum, Civil War, and Reconstruction periods, this work will appeal to anyone who is interested in the landscape of the South or the legacies of the Civil War."

Influences on the "De civitate dei" -- Augustine's stance on worldly rule and his assessment of politically organised communities in the "De civitate dei" -- Concepts of Augustinian political thought -- Dispensatio -- Felix/felicitas and beatus/beatitudo -- Iustitia and pax -- Alcuin's direct use of Augustine in the "Epistolae" -- Alcuin's indirect use of Augustine: his stance on worldly rule and recourse to Augustine's terminology -- Hincmar's direct use of Augustine in the "Epistolae" -- Hincmar's indirect use of Augustine: his "Expositiones ad carolum regem" and "De regis persona et regio ministerio" -- Carolingian political thought c. 800-c. 900 -- Alcuin's and Hincmar's uses of Augustine in the light of changing "state-church" relations.

"On 15 Messidor year V of the Revolutionary Calendar (3 July 1797), Citizen Talleyrand, known in his pre-revolutionary days as Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, addressed the Institut National des Sciences et Arts in Paris on the 'advantages to be gained from new colonies in the current circumstances'. To his listeners in the Institute, the intellectual powerhouse of the French Republic, 'current circumstances' was a recognisable shorthand for the cascade of events that had brought the Ancien Regime colonial empire to its knees"--

"In Sweet Taste of Liberty, W. Caleb McDaniel focuses on the experience of a freed slave who was sold back into slavery, eventually freed again, and who then sued the man who had sold her back into bondage. Henrietta Wood was born into slavery, but in 1848, she was taken to Cincinnati and legally freed. In 1855, however, a wealthy Kentucky businessman named Zebulon Ward, who colluded with Wood's employer, abducted Wood and sold her back into bondage. In the years that followed before and during the Civil War, she gave birth to a son and was forced to march to Texas. She obtained her freedom a second time after the war and returned to Cincinnati, where she sued Ward for $20,000 in damages--now known as reparations. Astonishingly, after ten years of litigation, Henrietta Wood won her case. In 1878, a Federal jury awarded her $2,500 and the decision stuck on appeal. While nowhere close to the amount she had demanded, this may be the largest amount of money ever awarded by an American court in restitution for slavery. Wood went on to live until 1912"--