Suchergebnisse

Tourism is a very important economic sector within the European Union, while also playing a key role in political, social and cultural integration. Nevertheless, the EU took a late interest in this sector, beginning only in the 1980s. Starting then, EU intervention in matters of tourism began to pass through a series of phases, during which EU performance was alternately more or less intense. A study of these phases reveals the consequences of a certain inefficiency as a result of the lack of sufficient legal support in the European Constitution for the development of a real EU policy in this sector. With the arrival of the 21st century, and as new EU powers in matters of tourism have been incorporated into the Lisbon Treaty, performance by the European Union in the tourism sector has changed its perspective, putting quality and competitiveness within reach through sustainability in the sector, a basic element of performance in matters of tourism.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of the European integration process. Although specific legislation concerning gender issues was included in the establishing Treaties, in the Charter of fundamental rights and in a dozen other directives, non-discriminatory principle has also been strengthened by the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union which formed a judgment in more than 200 cases. Nowadays, the EU equality legislation has moved far beyond basic gender issues, and this is also discussed in the article. It focuses not only on the fundamentals of EU legislation concerning gender equality but also on the level of its implementation and its most important limitations. Such considerations are broadened by a discussion on the EU actions which may be also treated as the implementation of non-discriminatory legislation.

Introduction -- Theories of European integration -- The Rome Treaty and its original agenda (1957-1975) -- The Single European Act and the Maastricht Treaty (1975-1993) -- Efforts to reach the next level (1994-2005) -- Institutional dynamics in the European Union -- Enlargement -- Economic and monetary union -- The common agricultural policy -- Cohesion, environmental, and industrial policies -- External economic relations of the European Union -- Common foreign and domestic security policies -- Conclusion

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Tables and Boxes -- List of Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introducing Gender and the European Union -- Gender inequalities in Europe -- The EU gender regime: policies, institutions and actors -- Feminist evaluations of the EU gender regime -- This book -- 2 The History of Gender in the European Union -- The beginning: Article 119 on Equal Pay -- The intensification of gender policy in the 1970s -- Incremental development in the 1980s -- Positive action -- Feminist critiques -- Conclusion -- 3 Gendering Political Representation in the European Union -- Improving women's political representation in Europe -- Women in the parliaments of the member states and the European Union -- Women in cabinets in the member states -- Women in the European Commission -- Women in the European Council and the Council of the European Union -- Conclusion -- 4 Policy-Making Processes, Actors and Institutions in the EU from a Gender Perspective -- Policy-making processes and gender in the EU -- Women's policy agencies in the EU -- Civil society groups lobbying for gender equality in the EU -- Co-operation and contestation in 'velvet triangles' -- Conclusion -- 5 The EU Gender Policy: Reconciling Work and Family -- Reconciliation as an example of gender policy -- Legislating for equality: pregnancy, maternity and parental leave directives -- Regulating through soft law: childcare policy -- Conclusion -- 6 Gender Mainstreaming in EU Policy-Making -- The institutionalization of gender mainstreaming in the EU -- Gender mainstreaming in EU development policy -- Assessing gender mainstreaming in the EU -- Gender mainstreaming in EU employment policy -- Conclusion -- 7 Gender Violence in the European Union -- EU policy on trafficking in women: illegal migration and transnational organized crime.

"One of the most common and strongest criticisms of the EU is that power is held by a select few who are unaccountable technocrats sitting in Brussels who without consultation formulate policies. A fresh and innovative new series, written by leading authorities, providing students and researchers with a concise analysis of key topics relating to the state of the European Union and its future development. Combining insights from the theoretical literature with brief institutional descriptions, each book in the series focuses on the key questions, 'Where does power lie?', 'What are the likely scenarios for development?', thereby enabling the reader to gain a better sense of the dynamic processes of politics at EU level."--Provided by publisher.