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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the question of why sex harassment persists in organizations for prolonged periods – often as an open secret.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth interviews were conducted with 28 people in diverse organizations experiencing persistent sex harassment. Data were analyzed using standard qualitative methods.FindingsThe overarching finding was that perpetrators were embedded in networks of complicity that were central to explaining the persistence of sex harassment in organizations. By using power and manipulating information, perpetrators built networks that protected them from sanction and enabled their behavior to continue unchecked. Networks of complicity metastasized and caused lasting harm to victims, other employees and the organization as a whole.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors used broad, open-ended questions and guided introspection to guard against the tendency to ask for information to confirm their assumptions, and the authors analyzed the data independently to mitigate subjectivity and establish reliability.Practical implicationsTo stop persistent sex harassment, not only must perpetrators be removed, but formal and informal ties among network of complicity members must also be weakened or broken, and victims must be integrated into networks of support. Bystanders must be trained and activated to take positive action, and power must be diffused through egalitarian leadership.Social implicationsUnderstanding the power of networks in enabling perpetrators to persist in their destructive behavior is another step in countering sex harassment.Originality/valueSocial network theory has rarely been used to understand sex harassment or why it persists.

"Is social media destroying democracy? Are Russian propaganda or ""Fake news"" entrepreneurs on Facebook undermining our sense of a shared reality? A conventional wisdom has emerged since the election of Donald Trump in 2016 that new technologies and their manipulation by foreign actors played a decisive role in his victory and are responsible for the sense of a ""post-truth"" moment in which disinformation and propaganda thrives. Network Propaganda challenges that received wisdom through the most comprehensive study yet published on media coverage of American presidential politics from the start of the election cycle in April 2015 to the one year anniversary of the Trump presidency. Analysing millions of news stories together with Twitter and Facebook shares, broadcast television and YouTube, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the architecture of contemporary American political communications. Through data analysis and detailed qualitative case studies of coverage of immigration, Clinton scandals, and the Trump Russia investigation, the book finds that the right-wing media ecosystem operates fundamentally differently than the rest of the media environment. The authors argue that longstanding institutional, political, and cultural patterns in American politics interacted with technological change since the 1970s to create a propaganda feedback loop in American conservative media. This dynamic has marginalized centre-right media and politicians, radicalized the right wing ecosystem, and rendered it susceptible to propaganda efforts, foreign and domestic. For readers outside the United States, the book offers a new perspective and methods for diagnosing the sources of, and potential solutions for, the perceived global crisis of democratic politics."

"The Power of Networks describes a typology of network-based research practices in the historical disciplines, ranging from the use of quantitative network analysis in cultural, economic, social or political history or religious studies, to novel approaches in the Digital Humanities. Network data visualisations and calculations have proven to be useful tools for the analysis of mostly textual sources containing relational information, offering new perspectives on complex historical phenomena. Including case studies from antiquity to contemporary history, the book provides a clear demonstration of the opportunities historical network research (HNR) provides for historical studies. The examples presented within the pages of this volume are arranged in a way to highlight three central typological pillars of HNR: (re-)construction and analysis of historical networks; computational extraction of network data; and infrastructures for data collection and exploration. The Power of Networks outlines the history and current state of research in HNR and points towards future research frontiers in the wake of new digital technologies. As such, the book should be essential reading for academics, students and practitioners with an interest in digital humanities, history, archaeology and religion"--

As Information Age changes the lifestyle of all humankinds, it also changes the way how to defense and secure the borders are secured and defended. The Information Age is about information superiority. It evolves the command and control concept, proactively, to optimize the size of the units and their connections within a combat force for effective mission accomplishment. The biggest issue is how big a unit will be and how they will arrange and connect it to the command and control structure in order for the unit to be effective on the battlefield. While some arrangements connect to each other so well that they endure and perform effectively during combat, other arrangements that connect each other are so cumbersome that they either barely succeed or are killed. Network Centric Operations concentrate on how to provide a warfighting unit with enough assets so that it can accomplish the assigned mission by itself effectively within its chain of command. The first thing that Network Centric Operations tries to achieve is to gain the shared awareness of the battlefield. This can be done by scouts, ground or air patrol, satellite image, radio frequency, etc. The situational awareness and the information superiority of the battlefield will definitely effect the enemy's operations so that the enemy needs to change its strategy. The second thing that Network Centric Operations tries to achieve is to have an impact on every occasion being reported or unexpectedly sensed in order to disrupt the enemy's will. How can a force achieve this? A well organized and a well connected force can have the information superiority and be able to transform that superiority to a success. For effectiveness, each asset in a combat force should have reliable connection capacity with command and control centers and other assets. The number of Sensors and Influencers being the driving entities of the war unit in the battlefield are integer-partitioned and connected to a Decider. There are well defined rules, regulations, and well established connections between the entities. They are initially placed random to the simulation environment as the BLUE and RED forces. Each force starts sensing, tracking, reporting, and killing the opposing side. Each force tries to win the other side. Each combination of an experiment replicates 30 times and then results are reported. The probability of a BLUE force win was studied to measure the performance of a networked force. The objectives of this research are to explore how units vary in size of organization, how they behave in a networked environment and to investigate how to increase the performance of a networked force. This research explores sufficient search space to understand the influence of network factors on Network Centric Operations.

This paper was developed within the scope of the DAAD-DST PPP-Indien project 55516784 (INT/FRG/DAAD/P-215) which funded exchange visits between the two participating institutes. B.G. was supported by the IRTG 1740/TRP 2011/50151-0, funded by the DFG/FAPESP. J.K. acknowledges financial support from the Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 14.Z50.31.0033). S.M.S. would like to thank University Grants Comission, New Delhi for the financial assistance as an SRF. B.G. and A.R. thank Niklas Boers for stimulating discussions and comments. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

'Modernes demokratisches Regieren geschieht selten über traditionelle Webersche Hierarchien oder reine 'Märkte'. Stattdessen werden politische Entscheidungen über eine Art hybrides Arrangement einer Anzahl von unterschiedlichen Akteuren getroffen, von denen einige private oder öffentliche Institutionen repräsentieren. Das Konzept von Politiknetzwerken - Cluster von Akteuren, die jeweils ein Interesse an einem bestimmten Politikfeld und die Fähigkeit besitzen, politischen Erfolg oder Misserfolg mitzubestimmen - wurde als eine Methode entwickelt und verfeinert, die versucht, die Ergebnisse von politischen Entscheidungsprozessen über solche hybriden Arrangements zu beschreiben, zu erklären und vorauszusehen. Regieren über Politiknetzwerke ist auf der europäischen Ebene so weit verbreitet, weil es auf bedeutende Weise von Experten dominiert wird und stark abhängig von dem 'Regieren durch Ausschüsse' ist. Die Erforschung von Politiknetzwerken hat nützliche Resultate geliefert, doch wir bleiben noch etwas von einer einmütigen, plausiblen 'Theorie' von Politiknetzwerken entfernt.' (Autorenreferat)