Effects of the quality of traffic signal progression on delay
In: National Cooperative Highway Research Program report 339
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In: National Cooperative Highway Research Program report 339
William Henderson Baird [31 August 1831-16 July 1864] was a Civil War soldier; his brother David Wray Baird [13 September 1824-18 September 1896] was a merchant in Geneva, NY. This document recommends W H Baird for a promotion.
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In: Psychological services
ISSN: 1939-148X
In: Marketing Letters 13:3, 221–232, 2002
SSRN
This study was primarily funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, part of UK Research and Innovation, through grant NE/R00546X/1 to RiJP. N deposition modelling was funded by the NERC Macronutrient Cycles Programme (LTLS project: NE/J011533/1). AB, RJM and RoJP were supported by the 2011–2016 and 2016–2021 Strategic Research Programmes of the Scottish Government. We acknowledge support and advice from Dr Willie Duncan (SEPA). ; Peer reviewed ; Postprint
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This study was primarily funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, part of UK Research and Innovation, through grant NE/R00546X/1 to RiJP. N deposition modelling was funded by the NERC Macronutrient Cycles Programme (LTLS project: NE/J011533/1). AB, RJM and RoJP were supported by the 2011–2016 and 2016–2021 Strategic Research Programmes of the Scottish Government. We acknowledge support and advice from Dr Willie Duncan (SEPA). ; Peer reviewed ; Postprint
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.
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