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Afshari reviews 'Islam and Democracy' by John L. Esposito and John O. Voll.

Monshipouri reviews 'Islam and Democracy' by John L. Esposito and John O. Voll.

Tarock reviews 'Islam and Democracy' by John L. Esposito and John O. Voll.

Focuses on the role and relevance of democracy in the economic development of a country. Emergence of economically stable countries under authoritarian regimes; Debate on the optimal sequencing of markets and democratic institutions; Insights on the experiences of the Russian experiment on democracy.

Reprint. Originally published: Athens : University of Georgia Press, [1971] ; Mode of access: Internet.

This audio/visual project focused on collecting short opinions or answers to two questions: 1. What is democracy, in your opinion? 2. What is not democracy, in your opinion? Phase One began in the last week of February 2019. The initial participants were students enrolled in the digital video class ART621, as this activity was used to practice skills they learned in class. The resulting clips were looped in one file played during the Art of Democracy symposium on March 21, 2019 in the Student Union. Phase Two unfolded during the symposium. A makeshift video/audio recording facility was set up in the courtyard of the student union where symposium attendees and passers-by were solicited to record their opinions, in response to the same two questions. All recordings were collected in an archive to be accessed and used by the campus community as an educational resource. A copy of the archive is also to be placed in a time capsule and buried on the Konza Prairie.

This paper reviews how the civilizational discourse of Islam differs from that of democracy but doesn't necessarily mean that it contradicts it. Knowing that this juxtaposition promotes diversity and distinction, this paper elucidates the factors of ambiguity that surround this religion and system in order to uncover the real dimension of their distinction. The paper is organized as follows: first, it presents seven characteristics of the Islamic state. Next, it discusses the importance of consultation (al-shūrā) and the necessity of questioning the rulers in Islam. Third, the article answers the question "Where does democracy correspond to Islam and where does it differ?". Several prominent opinions are examined in the fourth part, before displaying the main positions from the 1980s, vis-à-vis democracy, in part five. Part six exhibits the fatwas of al-Qaradawi. At the end of the article, the paper emphasizes the approaches that can be taken towards Islamic ruling (sharīʿah).

The aim of this paper is to reveal Socrates as a thorough democrat. In the first section, I will disprove the credibility of Xenophon's Memorabilia, a common source for scholars who view Socrates as an antidemocratic thinker. I will then argue, in the second section, that the views of a few scholars who portray Socrates as a prodemocratic thinker represent a far-from-satisfactory depiction of his political views. In the third section, I will then demonstrate that Socrates' criticism of democracy is not of democracy itself nor of Athenian laws, but instead a criticism of a particular sort of democracy seen in the period of Athenian imperialism, and that it derives from his fundamental recognition of human ignorance. After pointing out Socrates' special preference for the democratic laws of Athens, seen in the Crito, I will establish, in the fourth section, a preference in his philosophy showing him as a staunch democrat who upheld the concept of the rule of law.

This volumes explores the whole range of Alexis Tocqueville's ideas, from his political, literary and sociological theories to his concept of history, his religious beliefs, and his philosophical doctrines. Among the topics considered are: Tocqueville's beliefs about foreign policy as applied to American democracy; Tocqueville and Machiavelli on the art of being free; Tocqueville and the historical sociology of state; virtue and politics in Tocqueville; Tocqueville's debt to Rousseau and Pascal; Tocqueville's analysis of the role of religion in preserving American democracy; Tocqueville and Am

INDIAN DEMOCRACY IS NOT IN IMMINENT DANGER, BUT IT IS UNDER SERIOUS ATTACK FROM SECTARIAN INTERESTS

"First edition, March 1896. Reprinted May,. 1896. November, 1903." ; Mode of access: Internet.

First edition, March, 1896; reprinted February, 1900. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Après le déclenchement des révoltes arabes en 2010, la Tunisie est le seul pays arabe à s'être démocratisé avec succès, dans une région où un repli autoritaire est en train de sévir. Les chercheurs ont étudié la transition démocratique tunisienne en se concentrant principalement sur ses facteurs internes, alors qu'ils ont accordé peu d'attention à l'impact des facteurs internationaux et des influences externes sur le processus de transition. S'appuyant sur une analyse qualitative, cette étude examine la dimension internationale de la transition de la Tunisie vers la démocratie et soutient que les facteurs et influences internationaux ont joué un rôle important dans le processus de démocratisation. Cette recherche se concentre sur l'impact que l'agence des promoteurs internationaux de la démocratie a eu sur la structure nationale tunisienne. Il met en évidence la façon dont l'interaction entre les acteurs internationaux et les groupes nationaux tunisiens a contribué au processus de démocratisation, sans soutenir que les facteurs externes ont imposé les choix et des acteurs politiques et sociaux tunisiens. L'étude expose trois résultats théoriques qui contribuent au débat sur la dimension internationale de la démocratisation. Premièrement, cette recherche suggère que lorsque les promoteurs internationaux de la démocratie soutiennent les oppositions nationales à développer une confiance mutuelle à renforcer leurs liens, et de combler les divisions, il favorise l'émergence des nouveaux 'centres de pouvoir'. Les données empiriques fournies par cette étude démontrent que les programmes d'aide à la démocratie et les influences libérales internationales ont favorisé la création d'une coalition tunisienne pro-démocratie d'opposition au régime de Ben Ali. Deuxièmement, cette étude avance que le faible niveau de la bataille étrangère pour l'influence en Tunisie a facilité le processus de négociation entre les élites de transition pendant le processus de démocratisation. Troisièmement, cette étude soutient que lors de la transition tunisienne vers la démocratie, les promoteurs internationaux de la démocratie ont aidé les partis politiques tunisiens à passer d'un consensus initial sur la mise en place d'un système politique démocratique à une concurrence au sein du système démocratique mis en place. Bien que cette étude se concentre uniquement sur le cas de la Tunisie, tous les chapitres fournissent des preuves comparatives avec d'autres contextes régionaux. ; Following the outbreak of the Arab revolts in late 2010, Tunisia is the only Arab country that has democratized successfully in a region where authoritarian retrenchment prevails. Scholars have studied the Tunisian transition to democracy focusing mainly on domestic factors, devoting little attention to the role international factors and external influences played in the transitional process. Relying on qualitative analysis, this study investigates the international dimension of Tunisia's transition to democracy and argues that international factors and influences played a relevant role in the democratization process. This research focuses on the impact the agency of international democracy promoters had on Tunisian national structure during the transition to democracy, without downplaying the agency of Tunisian political and social actors. It highlights how the interplay between international actors and Tunisia domestic groups contributed to the making of the democratization process. The study lays out three theoretical findings that contribute to the debates on the international dimension of democratization and democracy promotion. First, it suggests that when international democracy promoters support domestic oppositions in developing mutual trust, strengthening ties and bridging divisions, they enhance the emergence of new alternative 'centres of power' to the regime. Second, this study argues that the low level of foreign squabbling for influence in Tunisia facilitated the bargaining process among transitional elites during the democratization process. Third, this study suggests that during the Tunisian transition to democracy, international democracy promoters helped Tunisian transition elites to move from the initial consensus over democracy to competition within the democracy. While this study focuses only on the Tunisia's case, all the chapters provide comparative evidence with other countries in the Middle East and North Africa to back up the empirical findings and the theoretical reflections.