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AbstractSince Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (2014), federal and state religious freedom restoration acts now extend the right to free exercise of religion to businesses. But what does it mean for businesses to have such a right? In this paper, I identify three implications of these new rights: they shift the burden for fulfilling the right to private citizens, and they conflict with businesses' both commercial and democratic obligations. To illustrate how they become problematic, I draw on the case of In re Wathen (2015) where the owners of a bed and breakfast cited their business's religion as their reason for refusing to host a wedding reception for a same-sex couple, even though state law specifically prohibited commercial businesses from discriminating based on sexual orientation.

AbstractInterreligious relations remain an important dimension of human coexistence and we currently observe an increase in religiously motivated violence and discrimination. Hence, we need to better understand determinants of interreligious peace. Building on a new concept of interreligious peace which includes but exceeds the absence of interreligious physical violence, we provide a systematic review of 83 quantitative empirical studies examining religious determinants of interreligious physical violence, hostile attitudes, threat perceptions, trust, and cooperation. We find that religious ideas foster or hinder interreligious peace depending on their content. Religious identities have negative effects but must be considered in context. Evidence regarding the role of religious practice is mixed and the role of religious actors and institutions remains understudied. Our results show the need for (1) more conceptual clarity, (2) replications in different contexts, (3) research on dimensions of religion beyond identities, and (4) a better integration of different strands of literature.

AbstractThis article examines interethnic tensions in Russia within the framework of the "post-Soviet religious model." This term is understood as a set of mechanisms of cooperation between the state and representatives of "traditional" religious organizations. The article includes an analytical overview of the state of interethnic relations in Russia and how this issue is approached by the state and "traditional" religions. Based on this analysis, the author tries to expose weaknesses of the model and point out possible future problems.

The Secular State Under Siege: Religion and Politics in Europe and America. By Christian Joppke (Cambridge and Malden: Polity 2015).

The Maghrib at the dawn of the twenty-first century / Benjamin Stora --A Half-century after independence : rethinking Maghribi history, memory, and identity. The (re)fashioning of Moroccan national identity / Mickael Bensadoun -- Algerian identity and memory / Robert Mortimer -- Berber/Amazigh "memory work" / Bruce Maddy-Weitzman -- Regimes and societies : new challenges. Reflections on the aftermath of civil strife : Algeria, 2006 / Gideon Gera -- The fate of political Islam in Algeria / Louisa At-Hamadouche and Yahia H. Zoubir -- From Hasan II to Muhammad VI : plus ca change? / Daniel Zisenwine -- Justice and development or justice and spirituality? : the challenge of Morocco's nonviolent Islamist movements / Michael J. Willis -- Whither the Ben Ali Regime in Tunisia? / Michele Penner Angrist -- The economic dimension. The constraints on economic development in Morocco and Tunisia / Paul Rivlin -- Algeria's economy : mutations, performance, and challenges / Ahmed Aghrout and Michael Hodd -- The Maghrib and Europe. The Maghrib abroad : immigrant transpolitics and cultural involution in France / Paul A. Silverstein

AbstractThe article addresses the relationship between religion and politics, and combines theories on religious change with theories on political cleavages. Empirical evidence is presented from a Norwegian survey of new forms of religiosity and political attitudes. Woodhead and Heelas (2004) have posited the hypothesis that a silent revolution is taking place where (traditional) religion is giving way to what they call "spirituality of life." This article questioned the assumption that the individualistic and consumer-oriented New Age movement of the 1980s and 1990s has developed into a new religious movement that is concerned with life quality and social questions. According to the literature on political cleavages, certain demands have to be fulfilled before a social divide or a conflict develops into a full political cleavage. With respect to alternative religion, the empirical analysis reveals that the main obstacle is related to the lack of a collective ideological platform.

AbstractAcross Europe populist radical right (PRR) parties advertise themselves as defenders of Christian identity and values, but they do not seem to strongly attract religious Christian voters. This article tests a general framework for understanding this religion gap in 13 countries. Findings extend earlier research on religiosity and radical right attitudes, provide insight on East-West differences in the PRR phenomenon, and lend conditional support to the notion of a "vaccine effect" suggested by prior research.