Suchergebnisse

8 pags., 4 figs., 3 tabs. ; The nuclear structure of 51Ar, an uncharted territory so far, was studied by the (p,2p) reaction using γ-ray spectroscopy for the bound states and the invariant mass method for the unbound states. Two peaks were detected in the γ-ray spectrum and six peaks were observed in the 50Ar+n relative energy spectrum. Comparing the results to our shell-model calculations, two bound and six unbound states were established. Three of the unbound states could only be placed tentatively due to the low number of counts in the relative energy spectrum of events associated with the decay through the first excited state of 50Ar. The low cross sections populating the two bound states of 51Ar could be interpreted as a clear signature for the presence of significant subshell closures at neutron numbers 32 and 34 in argon isotopes. It was also revealed that due to the two valence holes, unbound collective states coexist with individual-particle states in 51Ar. ; We are very grateful to the RIKEN Nishina Center accelerator staff for providing the stable beam and to the BigRIPS team for the smooth operation of the secondary beams. The development of the MINOS device has been supported by the European Research Council through the ERC Grant No. MINOS-258567. F. B. was supported by the RIKEN Special Postdoctoral Researcher Program. K. O. acknowledges the support by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research JP16K05352. Y. U. acknowledges the support by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 20K03981. Y. L. S. acknowledges the support of Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015-705023) from the European Union and the support from the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR. H. N. L. acknowledges the support from the Enhanced Eurotalents program (PCOFUND-GA-2013-600382) co-funded by CEA and the European Union. T. A., C. L., D. R., H. T., V. W., L. Z., H. N. L., V. W. and A. O. acknowledge the support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) Project No. 279384907-SFB 1245. R. B. G. acknowledges the support from the DFG under Grant No. BL 1513/1-1. Y. L. S. and A. O. acknowledge the support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. B. D. L. and L. X. C. acknowledge the support from the Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology under Grant No. ĐTCB.01/21/VKHKTHN. I. G. has been supported by HIC for FAIR and HRZZ under project No. 1257 and 7194. K. I. H., D. K. and S. Y. P. acknowledge the support from the NRF grant funded by the Korea government (No. 2017R1A2B2012382 and 2019M7A1A1033186). F. B. acknowledge the support from the RIKEN Special Postdoctoral Researcher Program. D. S. and Z. E. were supported by projects No. GINOP-2.3.3-15-2016-00034 and No. K128947. V. V. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under Contract No. FPA2017-84756-C4-2-P. V. W. and P. K. acknowledge the support from BMBF grants 05P15RDFN1 and 05P19RDFN1. P. K. acknowledges support from HGS-HIRe. This work was also supported by NKFIH (114454). ; Peer reviewed

We greatly acknowledge the financial support via the ERAF Project No. 1.1.1.1/18/A/073. Calculations have been performed under the Project HPC-EUROPA3 (INFRAIA-2016-1-730897), with the support of the EC Research Innovation Action under the H2020 Programme. A. C. gratefully acknowledges the technical support received from KTH-PDC. Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2 ; We combined the hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments in the study of the local atomic structure around Ir ions in ZnO thin films with different iridium content. This was then used in the first principles analysis of the thermoelectric properties of material. The emphasis has been put on the conditions for a positive Seebeck coefficient and p-type electrical conductivity as the functions of the Fermi level. We studied both computationally and experimentally several possible IrOx polyhedra (complexes) with a different number of surrounding oxygens and Ir oxidation states, including those with the formation of peroxide ions (O22−). In particular, octahedral coordination of iridium ions was identified by reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations of the Ir L3-edge EXAFS spectra of ZnO:Ir thin films as the predominant complex, which is supported by the calculated lowest interstitial oxygen incorporation energies. All the calculated IrOx (x = 4, 5, 6) complexes, regardless of Ir the oxidation state, demonstrate potential for p-type conduction if the Fermi level (μF) falls in the range of 0–0.8 eV from the valence band maximum (VBM) and the Ir concentration is high enough (12.5% in the present DFT calculations). Even though the corresponding calculated Seebeck coefficient (S) around 80–89 μV K−1 slightly exceeds the experimental values, we emphasise the presence of an important plateau in the dependence of S on μF in this range for two complexes with the formation of peroxide ions (O22−). We predicted also that peroxide ions O22− are characterized by the calculated phonon frequencies of 810–942 cm−1 in agreement with our previous Raman experimental results. In this light, we discuss the high sensitivity of calculated S(μF) dependences to the atomic and electronic structure.--//--This is the preprint version of the following article: Andrei Chesnokov, Denis Gryaznov, Natalia V. Skorodumova, Eugene A. Kotomin, Andrea Zitolo, Martins Zubkins, Alexei Kuzmin, Andris Anspoks, Juris Purans; The local atomic structure and thermoelectric properties of Ir-doped ZnO: hybrid DFT calculations and XAS experiment, Journal of Materials CHemistry C: Volume 14, 2021, which has been published in final form at https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/tc/d1tc00223f#!divAbstract This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Royal Society of Chemistry Terms and Conditions for Sharing and Self-Archiving. ; ERAF Project No. 1.1.1.1/18/A/073; Project HPC-EUROPA3 (INFRAIA-2016-1-730897) under EC Research Innovation Action under H2020; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2

A literature review reveals that the virtual reconstructions 01 cultural heritage made using computer graphics techniques , often lack scientific rigor and lose sight 01 existing knowledge. AlI too often, the criteria used lar recons truction are not accessible, there is no transparencyregarding the process , nor is there an analysis olthe validityolthe recons truction hypothesis, even when the modeling is carried out by scientists . Against this background, I lormulated the lollowing hypothesis : "One can develop a method by which scientific rigor is brought to architectural virtual reconstructions, relevant to Roman architecture and cons idering the cultural heritage in its historical landscape". The methodology I developed to test my hypothesis is organized in 3 steps : 1. Documentation and data collection. 2. Development 01 the virtual model on a urban scale. 3. Produ ction 01 a detailed photo-realistic models olthe monument. In the 3rd phase, we propose solutions to every detail that defines the architectural building in an iterative way. In this last phase are also embedded the techniques to studythe stabilityolthe construction elements such as walls (isolated or as carriers 01 arcs), arcs (symmetric and asymmetric load) and vaults. By analyzing the stabilityolthe wall, the method allow to check the stability olthe stirrups, while the study 01 arcs is used to determine the line 01 thrust at the bow to check their stability. Regarding data transparency, the reconstruction hypotheses are classified according to 31evels, depending on the reliability olthe underpinning data, namely: confirmed, probable and hypothetical. The reliabilityolthe reconstruction is indicated in each case. The models produced according to this method are accessible, can be searched lor background data and assumptions, display areas 01 uncertainty, and can be easily modified as new data is made available. To test the method, I applied it to produce the virtual reconstruction 01 the Villa 01 Livia, the first imperial residence projected as a country residence and designed with a strong symbolic valence: des pite its apparent simplicity it revealed the political and artistic conception olthe Emperor Augustus and summarized the essence 01 Roman architecture, combining the aomestic and lunctional architecture with representative lunctions . The confidence in the proposed elements olthe reconstruction is indicated bya legend that differentiates the three certainty levels lor both , the decorative elem ents and the structure. To evaluate the correctness olthe 3D model, I first analyzed the structural behavior 01 part 01 the Villa using the MIDAS/Gen software. A task that proved extremelycomplex and ineflicient . I thus generated atable that displays the parameters that have been used to generate the virtual model, and that allows to check elements such as constructive structure 01 decks, dimensions, slopes , water evacuation systems, presence 01 eaves, thickness olwalls , dimensions 01 pillars , type 01 Coatings , paving, windows and carpentry, among others . This exercise altowed to validate myinitial hypothesis. The method I developed is valid lor architectural heritage characterized by strong codes, such as the Roman architecture that was codified since Imperial times. However, it can also be used in other cases ofhistoric buildings, since the static and constructive checks and data transparency approach built in the method are relevant to all the historic architecture, until the emergence ofmodern materials. ; Postprint (published version)

El Ministerio de Educación ha publicado recientemente un nuevo Real Decreto que regula la Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad y contempla la incorporación de cambios en el examen de lengua extranjera, cuyo objetivo es valorar la comprensión oral y lectora, además de la expresión oral y escrita. Debido a que el hecho de examinar la comprensión y expresión oral del estudiante es un componente nuevo en este examen, los docentes de la enseñanza secundaria han mostrado sus dudas e inquietudes y han empezado a plantearse cómo tendrán que adaptar su metodología docente. Varios proyectos y estudios en la Comunidad Valenciana demuestran que es posible introducir la evaluación de las destrezas orales en la Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad. Este trabajo también presenta una serie de posibilidades para la puesta en práctica real de la evaluación de tales destrezas, considerada especialmente factible mediante sistemas informáticos. La comunicación concluye que los puntos favorables exceden a los negativos, y que los profesores cambian su forma de pensar y muestran actitudes positivas tras experimentar con las interfaces de exámenes orales asistidos por ordenador. ; Le Ministère de l'Éducation espagnol a récemment publié un nouvel arrêté royal qui régit l'examen d'entrée à l'université et intègre les changements dans le test de langue étrangère, qui vise à évaluer l'écoute et la lecture en plus de l'expression orale et écrite. En raison du fait que la compréhension orale et l'expression de l'étudiant est un nouvel élément dans cet examen, les enseignants des écoles secondaires ont des doutes et des inquiétudes et ont commencé à réfléchir à la façon dont ils vont devoir adapter leurs méthodes d'enseignement. Plusieurs projets et études dans la Communauté de Valence montrent qu'il est possible d'introduire l'évaluation orale dans l'examen d'entrée à l'université. Ce document présente également un certain nombre de possibilités pour la mise en pratique réelle de l'évaluation de ces compétences, notamment considérée comme possible par des systèmes informatiques. La communication conclut l'idée que les points positifs prennent le dessus sur les points négatifs et que les enseignants changent leur façon de penser et montrent des attitudes positives après avoir expérimenté des interfaces d'examens oraux assistés par ordinateur. ; The Spanish Ministry of Education has recently passed the new legislation that regulates the university entry exam and the introduction of a foreign language test which would include the evaluation of oral and written comprehension and production skills. The evaluation of oral skills is a new component in the foreign language university entry exam. Therefore, the education professionals are expressing their doubts and worries and are already thinking about the way in which these changes would affect or change their current educational methodology. Several projects and studies developed in the Region of Valencia confirm that the introduction of the evaluation of oral skills in the university entry examination (PAU) is possible. This paper presents a series of possibilities which would permit the evaluation of these skills, which is especially feasible through computer assisted systems. This article concludes by mentioning that the positive aspects exceed the negative ones and that teachers change their point of view and show a positive attitude after working with computer assisted exam interfaces.

Teza se bavi ispitivanjem uticaja sadržaja i sponzorstva negativnih političkih reklamnih poruka na stavove mladih glasača u Srbiji prema političkim kandidatima koji su meta ili sponzor tih poruka, zavisno od trajne i situacione političke involviranosti glasača i stepena njihove potrebe za kognicijom. Problem je razmatran u svetlu Teorije verovatnoće obrade. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati uticaje navedenih varijabli na stavove glasača prema sponzoru i meti negativne reklame, kao i na pojavu tzv. bumerang-efekta, nepovoljnijeg stava prema političkom kandidatu kada je sponzor negativne nego kada je sponzor pozitivne reklame. Izvedene su tri eksperimentalne studije: dvofaktorski mešoviti nacrt (situaciona involviranost, valenca poruke), jednofaktorski nacrt sa ponovljenim merenjima (sponzorstvo), i trofaktorski mešovit nacrt (situaciona politička involviranost, sadržaj poruke, sponzorstvo). Utvrđeno je da se u populaciji mladića studenata u Srbiji javlja bumerang-efekat. Efekti negativnih političkih reklama zavise značajno od trajne i situacione političke involviranosti, kao i od redosleda izlaganja poruka, sadržaja i sponzora reklamnih poruka, ali ne i od potrebe za kognicijom. Nalazi ukazuju na to da je upotreba negativnih političkih reklama neopravdana iz psihološke i šire društvene perspektive, osim pod posebnim uslovima. Objašnjavanjem psiholoških procesa pri izloženosti individua političkim reklamama, istraživanje direktno potvrđuje postulate Teorije verovatnoće obrade i njenu prediktivnost u oblasti političkog marketinga, na uzorku u Srbiji. Doprinos ove disertacije ogleda se i u tome što je ovo jedna od početnih studija istraživanja fenomena negativnih političkih reklama u Srbiji i psiholoških reakcija jednog segmenta glasača u Srbiji na njih ; The thesis examines the effect of the content and sponsorship of negative political advertising messages on the attitudes of young voters in Serbia towards political candidates who are the target or the sponsor of these messages, depending on the enduring and situational political involvement of voters and the level of their need for cognition. The issue has been considered in the light of Elaboration Likelihood Model. The aim of the research was to examine the effects of the mentioned variables on the attitudes of voters towards the sponsor and the target of negative advertisement, as well as on the occurrence of the so-called backlash effect, a less favorable attitude towards a political candidate being a sponsor of negative advertisement in comparison with himself being a sponsor of a positive advertisement. Three experimental studies have been carried out: two factor mixed design (situational involvement, message valence), single factor repeated measures design (sponsorship), and three factor mixed design (situational political involvement, message content, sponsorship). It has been determined that a backlash effect occured in population of young students in Serbia. The effects of negative political advertisements depend significantly on enduring and situational political involvement, as well as of the order of display of messages, content and sponsors of messages, but not on the need for cognition. The findings indicate that the use of negative political advertisements is not justified from a psychological and broader social perspective, except under special conditions. By explaining the psychological processes of individuals being exposed to political advertising messages, the research directly confirms the postulates of Elaboration Likelihood Model and its predictiveness in the field of political marketing, on a sample in Serbia. The contribution of this dissertation is also reflected in the fact that this is one of the initial research studies into the phenomenon of negative political advertisements in Serbia and psychological reactions of one segment of voters in Serbia to them

Детально проаналізовано кількісний та якісний склад сучасних категоріальних мереж природно-заповідного фонду, особливості їхньої структури для Дніпропетровської області та земель державного лісового фонду. Розглянуто таксаційну структуру деревостанів Robinia pseudoacacia L. – одного з найпоширеніших деревних видів лісових насаджень у межах об'єктів природно-заповідного фонду, підпорядкованих державному підприємству "Верхньодніпровське лісове господарство". ; Детально проанализированы количественный и качественный состав современных категориальных сетей природно-заповедного фонда, особенности их структуры для Днепропетровской области и земель государственного лесного фонда. Рассмотрены таксационные структуры древостоев Robinia pseudoacacia L. – одного из самых распространенных древесных видов лесных насаждений в пределах объектов природно-заповедного фонда, подчиненных государственному предприятию "Верхнеднепровское лесное хозяйство". ; Dnipropetrovsk region is one of the last places among regions of Ukraine in area of the natural reserve fund (NRF) and it's only 1,7 % that is extremely poor. This average index forUkraineis 5,7 %. Point of view, this situation cause by a variety of the reasons, the main of which are the considerable level of anthropogenic transformation of natural steppe ecosystems, the disturbance of soils, a developed industrial enterprises and inefficient government environmental policy. To determine the perspective of development of the natural reserve fund in Dnipropetrovsk region, which is located within the natural zones of Steppe of Ukraine, it is necessary to evaluate the contemporary structure and state of the NRF. Especially it is relevant for the analysis of NRF within of lands covered with forest vegetation. The forest within steppe zone is mainly of the artificial origin, and cannot represent the nature this zone. This is impossible without assessment the structure of NRF and the state of the autotrophic biotic component of protected ecosystems.The aim of this work is the analysis of the structure of natural reserve fund within of the forest the Dnipropetrovsk region and assessment forestry-biometric indexis of Robinia pseudoacacia stands within NRF of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine.Natural-reserved fund of the Dnipropetrovsk region presents 139 objects, total area of 57046,2 ha: of them of national and local significant – 30 objects (30,3 thousand ha) and local significant of 109 objects (26,7 thousand ha)Robinia pseudoacacia stands within the analyzed NRF occupy a lot part of the plantation area: "Velyka Zapadnya" – 66,1 %; "Balka Gostra" – 63,3 %; "Balka Gluboka" – 59,9%; "Urochyshe Paskove" – 45,9 %. The largest share of the area of protected objects Robinia pseudoacacia stands related to overmature age group with the total wood stock is 204,07 thousand m3.Quantitative and qualitative state of the natural reserve fund of the Dnipropetrovsk region is suboptimal and doesn't corresponmodern standards. The expansion of NRF is an urgent action, because the current levels of wilderness protection in this region is very distant from the European and cannot provide for the peculiar conservation of the natural flora and fauna and sustainable functional of the region's environment. But the increase the area of the protected objects and territories must will be on the land occupied by natural steppe ecosystems, but not on the artificial forests. Autotrophic component of ecosystems within a significant number of objects of natural reserve Fund, the subordinate DOLMG formed traducianism wood species with a high ecological valence – robno nesprawivaite prestigioso age. Conservation status of the objects of the NRF makes it impossible for the forestry measures, which leads to the formation of stands of poor sanitary condition and questioned the conservation value of these objects.

El fracaso de las bases del modelo productivo español fundamentado en una baja productividad se ha traducido en una incapacidad absoluta de reacción frente a la crisis económica con crecientes tasas de paro y un grave estancamiento del PIB. El principal reto de la economía española requiere de apuestas decididas por pilares en los que se sustente un nuevo modelo productivo, esto es, la creatividad, la innovación y el conocimiento. Este artículo abordará en primer lugar el marco teórico en el que se enmarca el papel que asume el territorio en el siglo xxi como motor de cambio económico. Seguidamente, se identificarán los aspectos clave del actual modelo productivo y, a continuación, se estudiará la contribución del territorio al cambio de modelo sobre la base de cuatro grandes áreas metropolitanas: Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia y Bilbao. Finalmente, se incidirá en las recomendaciones de política pública a la luz de los anteriores resultados. ; El fracàs de les bases del model productiu espanyol fonamentat en una baixa productivitat s'ha traduït en una incapacitat absoluta de reacció davant la crisi econòmica amb creixents taxes d'atur i un greu estancament del PIB. El repte principal de l'economia espanyola requereix apostes decidides per pilars en els quals se sustenti un nou model productiu, això és, la creativitat, la innovació i el coneixement. Aquest article abordarà en primer lloc el marc teòric en el qual s'emmarca el paper que assumeix el territori al segle xxi com a motor de canvi econòmic. Seguidament, s'identificaran els aspectes clau del model productiu actual i, a continuació, s'estudiarà la contribució del territori al canvi de model sobre la base de quatre grans àrees metropolitanes: Madrid, Barcelona, València i Bilbao. Finalment, s'incidirà en les recomanacions de política pública tenint en compte els resultats anteriors. ; L'échec des fondements de modèle de production espagnol, basé sur une faible productivité a entraîné une incapacité totale à réagir à la crise économique avec des taux de chômage en hausse et une stagnation du PIB grave. Le principal défi de l'économie espagnole exige des actions décidées sur les piliers qui soutiennent un nouveau modèle de production, qui est, de la créativité, l'innovation et la connaissance. Cet article va discuter d'abord le cadre théorique qui correspond le rôle assumé par le territoire dans le xxie siècle en tant que moteur du changement économique. Ensuite, identifier les aspects clés du modèle de production actuel, puis d'examiner la contribution du territoire de changer de modèle basé sur quatre grandes régions métropolitaines: Madrid, Barcelone, Valence et Bilbao. Enfin, nous aborderons les recommandations de politique publique à la lumière des résultats ci-dessus. ; The failure of the foundations of the Spanish production model based on low productivity has resulted in a complete inability to react to the economic crisis with rising unemployment rates and a serious stagnation of GDP. The main challenge of the Spanish economy requires of a decided bet for pillars in which a new production model would be sustained, that is, creativity, innovation and knowledge. This article will discuss first the theoretical framework that analyses the role assumed by the territory in the xxi century as an engine of economic change. Next, it will identify the key aspects of the current production model and then examine the contribution of the territory to change of model based on four major metropolitan areas: Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Bilbao. Finally, we will address the public policy recommendations under the light of the previous results.

In the last decades of twentieth century, the subject of the administrative reform started to be in the agenda of great part of the governments of the industrialized countries. It is in a change context and of new challenges of the Administration that the New Public Management appears as a model of the Administrative Reformation. Thus, the introduction of market mechanisms and the adoption of tools of private administration are presented as a model on the basis to solve the problems of efficiency of the public administration. The New Public Management appears as a microeconomic perspective of privatization and puts stress on private management style in Public Administration. It argues an alteration on the organisational structures and relations, the introduction of management processes and tools, and the delimitation of performance indicators. The main objectives are the specialization, the decentralization, the fragmentations and autonomy of public structures and the increase of the efficiency. Thus, the followed way is the differentiation, which is a natural trend of the different areas of Public Administration to seek a higher identification of values and procedures within working environment. If this identification is a way for the efficiency, according to Lawrence and Lorsh (1967), it has to be complemented with an inverse movement of integration. Then, after a first phase of specialization, the creation of new economic agents, imposes a phase of higher need of coordination to really achieve sustained efficiency (Rhodes, 1996). In this line of reasoning, the agenda to public administration reforms has a new issue, the management by networks. This means that, in a macroeconomic perspective, the delivery of public services is made through partnerships between multiple agents (private, public and non-profit) - The Virtual Organizations -. The solution to the production and coordination mechanisms of any services had been, during much time, underlying in the Hierarchic Market dichotomy (Coase, 1937; Williamson, 1996). The enterprise strategies were centered in the horizontal integration, the market competition and the knowledge specialization. Nowadays, hybrid solutions are preferred, where the strategy is the creation of partnerships and sharing information. The knowledge and the information are dispersed through the market and each agent uses them in their most profitable way. Thus to get higher levels of efficiency and satisfaction of the customer, the competition must give place to complementary structures between organizations. That is, the performance and the levels of innovation of each one of these organizations are dependent of its capacity of cooperation and share of information, what for itself leads to the creation of a virtual organization. Since Government is under a great pressure to accomplish higher levels of efficiency in Public Administration, it is its tasks and responsibility to encourage the creation of Virtual Organizations, that can be defined as an association of some specialized agents in a way to produce a final output that maximizes the utility of the citizen. It matters therefore to analyze this new model of public management. Our work is to understand the valences and the feasibility of the creation and implementation of the Virtual Organizations as well as its impact in the installment of the Public Service. It is our intention to consider it a new conceptual model of public administration and to clarify some inherent dimensions, such as the factors that are in the basis of its origin and creation; the role played for the State and public agents; the financial mechanisms; the evaluation and control methods; the analysis of the inter- organizational relations; the role of the citizen in these new forms of organization.

[eng] In July 1941, Stefan Zweig (1881-1942), finished the first draft of his memoirs, which he titled Blick auf mein Leben. One month later, in August 1941, he and his wife Lotte would leave for Brazil never to return. The last years of Zweig's life were surrounded by an impending sense of doom. In this context, his autobiography, which was finally published posthumously in 1942 as Die Welt von Gestern, emerged as a farewell from someone—an Austrian, a Jew, a writer, a pacifist, and above all, a European—who wished to leave his testimony for posterity, who believed that he had the duty to bear witness, to pass down to the next generations his hopes and dreams and the story of how these had been shattered twice by the forces of nationalism and war. The current scenario of Zweigian Studies, marked by an incipient Zweig 'revival', coincides with a moment in history when the need to rethinking and redefine our common spaces of cohabitation has become an imperative. This dissertation examines the intellectual and committed dimension of Stefan Zweig's oeuvre as it crystallizes around the idea of Europe. It seeks, above all, to question and problematize the understanding of Stefan Zweig as an 'uncommitted', 'silent' writer which has dominated a significant part of the critical reception of his works since the nineteen thirties. With Die Welt von Gestern as the point of departure of my reflections, given the text's unique combination of Zweig's life-story with the construction of a collective, historical account, the Introduction aims to reconstruct and assess the reception of Stefan Zweig's works and figure, both from an aesthetic and a political perspectives. Especially, it addresses the question of Zweig's 'politics' and 'apoliticism' as it is crucial in the configuration of his committed responses. Chapter I examines a selection of Zweig's works in order to analyze how his commitment—to Europe, broadly speaking—informed the construction of his public, authorial persona and resulted in the articulation of a narrative of commitment. After considering the textual specificities of Zweig's personal discourse in Die Welt von Gestern in an attempt to establish the parameters that inform Zweig's self-writing, this chapter leads us through a succession of Zweigian intellectuals, from Émile Verhaeren, Jeremias and Romain Rolland to Erasmus, Castellio and Michel de Montaigne. In doing so, it aims to provide a critical assessment of the way(s) in which Zweig constructed his figures of intellectuality, that is to say, of how he negotiated through those figures his commitment to a set of values and, above all, to a vision of the world (Weltanschauung). In doing so, Chapter I reveals the difficulties, contradictions and limitations that emerge throughout Zweig's articulation of his beliefs and ideas in the public sphere. Chapter II examines the construction of Zweig's 'European' project and Weltanschauung as the main goal or enterprise towards which the Austrian writer orients the figures of commitment discussed in the previous chapter, their 'intellectual' efforts and responses. More specifically, I focus my analysis on three main valences or functions of Zweig's 'Europe'. On the one hand, in its potential to become an 'identity' paradigm and affiliation, I distinguish between Europe's individual and collective dimensions. On the other, I conclude my reflections in Chapter II by considering the possibilities of discussing Zweig's 'Europe' as an ethical program. In my reading, Zweig's ethical ('European') program emerges as the core of Zweig's commitment, the foundations of his utopian 'Europe', allowing us to consider the possibility of expanding the Austrian writer's engagement beyond the fight for the 'spiritual' union of Europe. In this sense, it becomes the link between Zweig's figures of commitment and his 'European' project. In sum, I argue that at the center of Zweig's commitment lies an ethical program made up of four essential notions—human(ism), peace, freedom, and post-nationalism— that invites us to travel from the Zweig's world of yesterday to the Europe of tomorrow.

The analysis of the evolution of teaching during the Democratic Transition in Spain has been made from a general perspective. However, these works do not address this issue from a regional or autonomic perspective, despite the fact that with the 1978 Constitution some of them –Catalonia, the Basque Country, Galicia, Andalusia, Valencia and the Canary Islands– have a broad and very significant repertoire of competences.From a comparative perspective and with the detailed consultation of almost one hundred legislative references, the first steps of these regional educational policies and their impact on the development of the Spanish democratic system are examined. It is discovered how there is a high degree of coincidence between the actions of the Autonomous Governments: the times, the themes or the interest in certain contents. The Autonomous Communities are accomplices necessary for the implementation of an educational system based on democratic values. They are the co-responsible for the success of this transformation. A change that takes place without relevant conflicts. ; El análisis de la evolución de la enseñanza durante la Transición Democrática en España se ha realizado desde una perspectiva general. Sin embargo, esos trabajos no abordan este asunto desde una perspectiva regional o autonómica, a pesar de que con la Constitución de 1978 algunas de ellas –Cataluña, País Vasco, Galicia, Andalucía, Valencia y Canarias– poseen un amplio y muy significativo repertorio de competencias. Desde una perspectiva comparada y con la consulta detallada de casi cien referencias legislativas, se examinan los primeros pasos de esas políticas educativas regionales y su incidencia en el desarrollo del sistema democrático español. Se descubre cómo existe un elevado grado de coincidencia entre las actuaciones de los Gobiernos Autonómicos: los tiempos, las temáticas o el interés por determinados contenidos. Las Comunidades Autónomas son cómplices necesarios para la implantación de un sistema educativo fundamentado en los valores democráticos. Son ellas las corresponsables del éxito de esa transformación. Un cambio que se lleva a cabo sin conflictos relevantes. ; L'analyse de l'évolution de l'enseignement pendant la Transition démocratique en Espagne a été faite dès la perspective générale. Néanmoins, ces travaux ne traitent pas ce sujet dès la perspective régionale ou autonomique, bien qu'avec la Constitution de 1978 quelques régions – la Catalogne, le Pays Basque, la Galice, l'Andalousie, Valence et les Canaries – possèdent un vaste et très significatif répertoire de compétences à cet égard-là.Dès la perspective comparée et ayant consulté dans le détail presque cent références législatives, on examine les premiers pas de ces politiques éducatives régionales et leur incidence dans le développement du système démocratique espagnol. On découvre l'existence d'un haut degré de coïncidence entre les actions des Gouvernements Autonomiques : les temps, les thématiques ou l'intérêt par certains contenus. Les Communautés Autonomes sont des complices nécessaires pour l'implantation d'un système éducatif fondé sur des valeurs démocratiques. Elles sont co-responsables du succès de cette transformation. Un changement qui se produit sans conflits importants. ; A análise da evolução do ensino durante a transição democrática na Espanha foi feita a partir de uma perspectiva geral. No entanto, esses trabalhos não abordam essa questão de uma perspectiva regional ou autonômica, apesar do fato de que, com a Constituição de 1978, alguns deles - Catalunha, País Basco, Galiza, Andaluzia, Valência e Ilhas Canárias - têm um repertório de competências amplo e muito significativo.De uma perspectiva comparativa e com a consulta detalhada de quase cem referências legislativas, os primeiros passos dessas políticas regionais de educação e seu impacto no desenvolvimento do sistema democrático espanhol são examinados. Se descobre como existe um alto grau de coincidência entre as atualizações dos governos autônomos: os tempos, os temas ou o interesse em determinados conteúdos. As Comunidades Autónomas são cúmplices necessárias para a implementação de um sistema educacional baseado em valores democráticos. Eles são os co-responsáveis pelo sucesso dessa transformação. Uma mudança que ocorre sem conflitos relevantes.

Front Matter -- Ceramics for Waste or Nuclear Applications. Uranium Valences in Perovskite, CaTiO / E R Vance, M L Carter, Z Zhang, K S Finnie, S J Thomson, B D Begg -- Iron-Substituted Barium Hollandite Ceramics for Cesium Immobilization / F Bart, G Leturcq, H Rabiller -- Hollandite-Rich Titanate Ceramics Prepared by Melting in Air / ML Carter, ER Vance, H Li -- Hyperfine Interaction Study of Short Range Order in Zircon / H Jaeger, K Pletzke, J M Hanchar -- Scale-Up of Lithium Aluminate Pellet Manufacturing with a Flowable Powder / G Hollenberg, L Bagaassen, R Kurosky, D Tonn, W Carty -- Melter Processing and Process Monitoring. Laboratory Measurements of Glass Melting Rate / Dennis F Bickford -- Analysis of Feed Melting Procesess / J Matỳ₍, P Hrma, D-S Kim -- Electron Equivalents Redox Model for High Level Waste Vitrification / CM Jantzen, DC Koopman, CC Herman, JB Pickett, JR Zamecnik -- Sulfate Retention During Waste Glass Melting / P Hrma, J D Vienna, W C Buchmiller, J S Ricklefs -- The Characterization and Dissolution of High Level Waste Calcine in Alkali Borosilicate Glass / S Morgan, PB Rose, RJ Hand, NC Hyatt, WE Lee, C R Scales -- Summary of Results from 786-A Minimelter Run with Macrobatch 3 (Sludge Batch 2) Baseline Feed Using Frit 320 / Michael E Smith, Donald H Miller -- Numerical Models of Waste Glass Melters Part I ₆ Lumped Parameter Analyses of DWPF / Hector N Guerrero, Dennis F Bickford -- Numerical Models of Waste Glass Melters Part II -- Computational Modeling of DWPF / Hector N Guerrero, Dennis F Bickford, H Naseri-Neshat -- Tailored Electrical Driving as a Means of Controlling Heat Distribution and Convection Patterns in Joule-Heated Waste Glass Melters / JA Fort, DL Lessor -- Effects of Poly (Acrylic Acid) on the Rheological Properties of Aqueous Melter Feed Slurries for Nuclear Waste Vitrification / Hong Zhao, Isabelle S Muller, Ian L Pegg -- Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Monitoring of Refractory Walls / B Varghese, R Zoughi, C DeConink, M Velez, R Moore -- Combustion Control Experimentations at a Pilot Scale Glass Furnace / S Keyvan, R A Rossow, M Velez, W L Headrick, R E Moore, C Romero -- Waste Vitrification Programs. Completion of the Vitrification Campaign at the West Valley Demonstration Project / R A Palmer, H M Houston, A J Misercola -- Review of the French Vitrification Program / R Do Quang, P Mougnard, C Ladirat, A Prod'homme -- Examination of DWPF Melter Materials After 8 Years of Service / Daniel C Iverson, Kenneth J Imrich, Dennis F Bickford, James T Gee, Charles F Jenkins, Frank M Heckendorn -- Testing to Demonstrate Regulatory Compliance of Glass Waste forms for Immobilization of Radioactive Wastes at the Hanford Site / David B Blumenkranz, PE, David J Swanberg, PE, Sam Kelly, Chris A Musick -- Cold Crucible Induction-Heated Melter Test Results with Surrogate Doe High-Level Wastes / CC Herman, DF Bickford, DK Peeler, A Aloy, D Gombert, J Richardson, R Goles, JD Vienna, S Stefanovsky -- Crucible-Scale Vitrification Studies with Hanford Tank AZ-102 High Sulfate-Containing Low Activity Waste / CL Crawford, RF Schumacher, DM Ferrara, NE Bibler -- Glass Formulation and Property Models. Preliminary Glass Development and Testing for Incontainer Vitrification of Hanford Low-Activity Waste / JD Vienna, D-S Kim, MJ Schweiger, P Hrma, J Matỳ₍, JV Crum, DE Smith -- Evaluation of Melt Rate Through Higher Waste Loading / Troy H Lorier, Psaras L McGrier -- Spinel Crystallization in HLW Glass Melts: Cation Exchange Systematics and the Role of RhO in Spinel Formation / Sezhian Annamalai, Hao Gan, Malabika Chaudhuri, Wing K Kot, Ian L Pegg -- Composition Effects on the Vapor Hydration of Waste Glasses / Andrew C Buechele, Frank Lofaj, Isabelle S Muller, Cavin TF Mooers, Ian L Pegg -- Glass Composition-TCLP Response Model for Waste Glasses / Dong-Sang Kim, John D Vienna -- Alternate Waste Forms and Processes. Iron Phosphate Glass for Immobilization of Hanford Law / CW Kim, D Zhu, DE Day, D-S Kim, JD Vienna, DK Peeler, TE Day, T Neidt -- Characterization and Performance of Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) Product as a Final Waste form / CM Jantzen -- Microstructure of Emulsion-Based Polymeric Waste forms for Encapsulating Low-Level, Radioactive and Toxic Metal Wastes / Rachel Evans, Anh Quach, Guanguang (Gordon) Xia, Brian JJ Zelinski, Wendell P Ela, Dunbar P Birnie III, A Eduardo S̀ez, Harry D Smith, Gary L Smith -- Leach Resistance of Encapsulated Salts in Polymeric Waste Forms Fabricated Using an Aqueous-Based Route / Anh Quach, Gordon Xia, Rachel Evans, A Eduardo S̀ez, Brian J Zelinski, Harry Smith, Gary Smith, Dunbar P Birnie III, Wendell P Ela -- Thermal Processing Optimization for Simulated Hanford Waste Glass (AZ 101) / A Giordana, WG Ramsey, TF Meaker, B Kauffman, M McCarthy, K Guilbeau, JD Smith, FS Miller, T Sanders, EW Bohannan, J Powell, M Reich, J Jordan, L Ventre, RE Barletta, AA Ramsey, G Maise, B Manowitz, M Steinberg, F Salzano -- Aging Behavior of a Sodalite Based Ceramic Waste form / Jan-Fong Jue, Steven M Frank, Thomas P O'Holleran, Tanya L Barber, Stephen G Johnson, K Michael Goff, Wharton Sinkler -- Process for Selective Removal and Concentration of Actinides and Heavy Metals from Water / BP Kiran, Allen W Apblett -- Keyword and Author Index --

Internet memes are defined as the main structural unit of the modern media space (A. Kvyat), possessing a high persuasive potential. They are viewed not only as an instant reaction of users to events but also as a way of expressing political opinion. The aim is to analyse the metaphorical creation of vertically oriented relations in digital political discourse using the example of a corpus of memes on the theme of the meeting of Presidents Putin and Lukashenko in Sochi in 2020. We interpret the meme as an elaborate semantic complex capable of instant replication, usually of verbal-iconic expression, referring to different spheres-sources that the communicant must identify. In this regard, a high intertextual density of Internet memes is their constitutive feature, and the key requirement for their adequate perception is the general apperception base of the communicants and the recipient's ability to see the cultural signs embedded in the meme. When comprehending complex international relations in political memetics, the conceptual metaphor of vassalage is actualized. To solve the research problems, the methods of interpretive and intersemiotic analysis, the main provisions of the theory of conceptual metaphor by J. Lakoff and M. Johnson, as well as the theory of conceptual integration (blending, or conceptual amalgams) by G. Fauconnier and M. Turner are used. The emphasis is on considering the iconic component. As a result of the research, the slots of the amalgam "Lukashenko is Putin's vassal" represented by memes were identified and described taking into account the connections of this metaphorical construct with other fragments of the collective cognitive space. The seme of "subordination and dependence" that gave rise to the conceptual amalgam is explicated through the integration of the sphere of politics with the conceptual spaces of other asymmetric relations (family, feudalism, love relationship). When analysing the corpus of memes, their characteristic property – the realization of valence – was clearly revealed. Due to their topicality, anonymity and prevalence, Internet memes are an indicator of public sentiment and a means of forming the mental attitudes of society. ; Memy internetowe są definiowane jako główna jednostka strukturalna współczesnej przestrzeni medialnej (A. Kwiat), posiadająca wysoki potencjał perswazyjny. Postrzegane są nie tylko jako natychmiastowa reakcja użytkowników na wydarzenia, ale także jako sposób wyrażania poglądów politycznych. Celem artykułu jest analiza metaforycznego kreowania relacji "pionowych" w cyfrowym dyskursie politycznym na przykładzie korpusu memów na temat spotkania prezydentów W. Putina i A. Łukaszenki w Soczi w 2020 roku. Mem interpretuję jako złożony kompleks znaczeniowy zdolny do natychmiastowej replikacji, zwykle o wyrazie werbalno-ikonicznym, odnoszącym się do różnych sfer-źródeł, które adresat musi zidentyfikować. W tym aspekcie wysoka intertekstualna gęstość memów internetowych jest ich cechą konstytutywną, a kluczowym wymogiem ich adekwatnej percepcji jest wspólna baza apercepcyjna komunikujących się i zdolność odbiorcy do dostrzegania znaków kulturowych w memie. W refleksji nad złożonymi relacjami międzypaństwowymi w memetyce politycznej aktualizuje się konceptualna metafora wasalstwa. Do rozwiązania problemów badawczych zastosowano metody analizy interpretacyjnej i intersemiotycznej, główne założenia teorii metafory pojęciowej G. Lakoffa i M. Johnsona, a także teorii integracji pojęciowej (amalgamatów pojęciowych) G. Fauconniera i M. Turnera. Nacisk jest położony na analizę komponentu ikonicznego. W wyniku badań zidentyfikowano i opisano sloty amalgamatu "Łukaszenka wasalem Putina" reprezentowane przez memy, z uwzględnieniem powiązania tego metaforycznego konstruktu z innymi fragmentami zbiorowej przestrzeni kognitywnej. Sem "podległości i zależności", który spowodował kreację amalgamatu pojęciowego, eksplikuje się poprzez integrację sfery polityki z konceptualnymi przestrzeniami innych asymetrycznych relacji (rodzina, feudalizm, związek miłosny). Analiza korpusu memów wyraźnie wykazała ich charakterystyczną właściwość – realizację walencji. Ze względu na aktualność, anonimowość i skalę rozpowszechnienia memów internetowych można je traktować jako wskaźnik nastrojów publicznych i sposób kształtowania mentalnych postaw społeczeństwa. ; Інтэрнэт-мэмы з'яўляюцца асноўнымі структурнымі адзінкамі сучаснай медыяпрасторы (А. Квят), яны валодаюць высокім персуазіўным патэнцыялам. Мемы разглядаюцца не толькі як імгненная рэакцыя карыстальнікаў на падзеі, але і як спосаб выказвання палітычных поглядаў. Мэтай артыкула з'яўляецца аналіз метафарычнай крэацыі вертыкальна арыентаваных адносін у віртуальным палітычным дыскурсе на прыкладзе корпуса мемаў на тэму сустрэчы прэзідэнтаў У. Пуціна і А. Лукашэнкі ў Сочы ў 2020 г. Мем разглядаецца намі як здольны да імгненнай рэплікацыі складаны сэнсавы комплекс вербальна-іранічнага выказвання з адсылкай да розных сфер і крыніц, якія камунікант мусіць распазнаць. У сувязі з гэтым высокая інтэртэкстуальная шчыльнасць інтэрнэт-мемаў з'яўляецца іх канструкцыйнай прыкметай, а ключавым патрабаваннем да іх адэкватнага ўспрыняцця – наяўнасць агульнай аперцэпцыйнай базы камунікантаў і здольнасць адрасата бачыць культурныя знакі, закладзеныя ў меме. Пры асэнсаванні складаных міждзяржаўных адносін у палітычнай мематыцы актуалізуецца канцэптуальная метафара васалітэту. Для вырашэння задач нашага даследавання выкарыстоўваюцца метады інтэрпрэтацыйнага і інтэрсеміятычнага аналізу, асноўныя палажэнні тэорыі канцэптуальнай метафары Дж. Лакофа і М. Джонсана, а таксама тэорыі канцэптуальнай інтэграцыі (блэндынга альбо паняційных амальгам) Ж. Факанье і М. Тэрнэра. Націск кладзецца на разгляд іранічнага кампанента. У выніку даследавання былі вылучаны і апісаны слоты прадстаўленай мемамі амальгамы "Лукашэнка – васал Пуціна", з улікам сувязі дадзенага метафарычнага канструкта з іншымі фрагментамі калектыўнай кагнітыўнай прасторы. Канцэптуальная амальгама народжаная семай "падпарадкавання ізалежнасці" эксплікуецца пры дапамозе інтэграцыі палітычнай сферы з канцэптуальнымі прасторамі іншых асіметрычных адносін (сям'і, феадалізму, любоўных сувязяў). Падчас аналізу корпуса мемаў выразна выявілася іх характэрная ўласцівасць – рэалізацыя валентнасці. У сілу сваёй актуальнасці, ананімнасці і распаўсюджанасці інтэрнэт-мемы з'яўляюцца індыкатарам грамадскіх настрояў і сродкам фарміравання ментальных установак соцыуму.

"Any Minute Now the World's Overflowing Its Border": Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature examines the intertwined worlds of Yiddish modernist writing and anarchist politics and culture. Bringing together original historical research on the radical press and close readings of Yiddish avant-garde poetry by Moyshe-Leyb Halpern, Peretz Markish, Yankev Glatshteyn, and others, I show that the development of anarchist modernism was both a transnational literary trend and a complex worldview. My research draws from hitherto unread material in international archives to document the world of the Yiddish anarchist press and assess the scope of its literary influence. The dissertation's theoretical framework is informed by diaspora studies, gender studies, and translation theory, to which I introduce anarchist diasporism as a new term. Originating in ancient Greek, anarchism refers to a constellation of anti-statist and anti-capitalist aspirations: imagining and working towards a world without borders, an ethics of consensus, bodily autonomy, and escape from the temporal strictures of wage labor. Anarchist diasporism describes the anti-statism of stateless peoples based upon their specific relationship to time and territory, and links the theoretical insights of diaspora studies with the historical study of anarchism. Rather than producing an aspiration to statehood, immigration and deportation often informed a rejection of nationalism and a reconsideration of the meaning of diaspora. The scope of this dissertation includes writers who personally identified as anarchists, such as Anna Margolin, Yosef Luden, and Alexander Harkavy; and those like Soviet anti-Fascist poet Peretz Markish, who absorbed anarchist thought and aesthetics and were celebrated by anarchist readerships. Chapter One, "Genealogies of Stateless Anti-Statism," documents how Yiddish anarchists claimed Jewish genealogies and interpreted diaspora. Historicizing this anti-teleological worldview provides a foundation for studying anarchist diasporism in Yiddish poetry, through such literary practices as bending time and imagining history before, after and beyond the state—imaginative gestures already present in Jewish anarchist theory. I translate and examine histories by Saul Yanovsky, Rabbi Yankev Meir Zalkind, Yosef Luden, and Yosef Cohen—each of whom edited a Yiddish anarchist newspaper—and the anarcha-feminism of Dr. Katherina Yevzerov and Emma Goldman. Zalkind and Luden most deeply engage with Torah and Talmud (Zalkind's translations made talmudic labor law accessible for workers); Yanovsky and Cohen draw from the vagaries of Jewish history; and Yevzerov and Goldman confront patriarchal power. The second chapter, "'Language is Migrant': The Multilingual Language Politics of Alexander Harkavy, Emma Goldman, and the Anarchist Press," examines a few case studies of language politics in Jewish anarchism—a movement which, unlike Bundism and Zionism, did not articulate a single ideology of language. Renowned for his contributions to the field of linguistics, Alexander Harkavy also developed a philosophy of language evolution informed by his anarchist worldview. I examine the language politics of two legal cases: Emma Goldman's trial for lecturing bilingually on birth control, and the Supreme Court free speech case Jacob Abrams vs United States, which deported the editors of Frayhayt for their seditious bilingual broadsides. I discuss the close relationship between two English-language journals, A. Berkman and Goldman's Mother Earth and Margaret Anderson's Little Review. Chapter Three, "The Anarchism of Time: Comparative Temporalities in Yiddish and English Sacco-Vanzetti Poems," examines the presence and persistence of anarcho-syndicalism in Yiddish poetry. Beginning with the Proletarian (Svetshop) poets Morris Rosenfeld and Yosef Bovshover, I discuss the role of the anarchist press in the development of immigrant social worlds. I examine the poetics and political valences of temporality in svetshop poetry, particularly their utopian futurities and critique of capitalist time. Two archetypal elements of Proletarian poetry—alternative temporality and imagery of garment workers' tools—were reinvented by Modernist poets in their responses to the Sacco-Vanzetti trial. Through repetition and kaleidoscopic montage, the poetic structures of Moyshe-Leyb Halpern and Yankev Glatshteyn embody alternative temporalities beyond the linear and punitive temporality of the state. Chapter Four, "With An Undone Shirt (Mit a tseshpilyet hemd): Anarchist Temporality and Embodiment in Peretz Markish's Poema Der fertsikyeriker man," analyzes Markish's brash early work and selections from his hitherto-untranslated masterpiece Der fertsikyeriker man (The Man of Forty), a book-length poema that was rescued hours before his arrest by the Soviet Secret Police and smuggled out of Russia. I examine how anarchist themes circulated through his work, including revolutionary temporality, antimilitarism, visions of nature without borders, and representations of the autonomous body. Despite the Soviet Union's brutal surveillance and persecution of Yiddish writers, Markish defiantly used the Jewishly-marked vocabulary which Soviet language reform campaigns had attempted to purge. I consider anarchist responses to Markish's poetry in the contemporaneous newspaper Arbeter Fraynd (Worker's Friend), which claimed him "as much our comrade as our poet." The Coda points to possible future dialogues with other fields (such as postcolonial and decolonial thought, Diaspora Studies, and Comparative Literature) and connections to contemporary diasporic movements building democracy without the state. This dissertation contributes to our understanding of the multiplicities of Jewish diasporic thought and expands the body of world Modernist literature available in translation.

Für diese Dissertation wurden exemplarisch acht intentionale Gemeinschaften in Form von Ökodörfern im internationalen Kontext untersucht, die als reale Versuche, eine "Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit" zu gestalten, betrachtet werden. Der Schwerpunkt lag hierbei auf psychologischen und sozialen Aspekten der Nachhaltigkeit. Aufgrund der bislang noch geringen wissenschaftlichen Erschließung des Untersuchungs-feldes wurde ein explorativer Forschungsansatz mit qualitativen Methoden gewählt. Desweiteren wurde ein theoriegeleitetes und empirisch validiertes Modell entwickelt, die "Psychologischen Deskriptoren einer Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit (PDKN)", um die Gestaltung einer Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit beschreibbar und methodisch erfassbar zu machen. Die Studie beinhaltet einerseits explorative Zielsetzungen (Rekonstruktion und Untersuchung von Strukturen und Ansätzen der Gestaltung einer Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit), andererseits auch eine Überprüfung und Modifikation der theoretischen Vorstrukturierung in Form der PDKN. Es wurden drei Forschungsziele (FZ) festgelegt. FZ1 bezieht sich auf die Gewinnung systematischer Erkenntnisse über eine Gestaltung einer Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit in Ökodörfern. Gegenstand des FZ2 ist die Transaktionalität zwischen Individuum und Setting hinsichtlich eines auf Nachhaltigkeit ausgerichteten Erlebens und Verhaltens. Das dritte Forschungsziel (FZ3) richtet sich auf eine Validierung des zugrunde gelegten Modells der PDKN und darüber hinaus auf die Entwicklung eines Orientierungsschemas für die Gestaltung einer Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit. Als Methoden kamen neben umfassender Literaturrecherche und Dokumentenanalyse, vor allem im Rahmen der Feldforschung Befragungsverfahren (halbstrukturierte Interviews mit "Experten" bzw. relativ neuen Mitgliedern eines Ökodorfes) und Beobachtungsverfahren zum Einsatz. Insgesamt gingen 42 Interviews in die Studie ein, die theoriegeleitet kodiert und inhaltsanalytisch aufbereitet wurden. Um Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der untersuchten Projekte exemplarisch darzustellen, werden in der Arbeit drei ausführliche Fallanalysen präsentiert (Ökodorf Sieben Linden, BRD; Ecovillage at Ithaca, USA; Twin Oaks Intentional Community, USA). Bezüglich des Forschungsziels 1 ließen sich u.a. durch Fallkontrastierungen aller untersuchten Ökodörfer Elemente und Dynamiken einer Gestaltung einer Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit näher bestimmen. Es ergaben sich dabei sechs Umsetzungsbereiche der Gestaltung: a) Soziale Strukturen – Miteinander leben, b) Technisch – materieller Bereich, c) Kunst und Ästhetik, d) Werte und Normen – Kollektive Repräsentationen, e) Bildung und Wissen, f) Institutionell – politischer Bereich. Bezüglich des FZ2 wurde deutlich, dass das Setting eines Ökodorfes Valenzen für nachhaltiges Handeln bildet, d.h. von Aspekten der Nachhaltigkeit geprägtes Erleben und Verhalten wird für Personen in einem Ökodorf zunehmend "normal". Dieser Prozess stellt sich als ein transaktionaler dar, denn die Personen wirken durch ihr Erleben und Verhalten auch wieder auf Kontextfaktoren ein. Ein weiteres Ergebnis dieser Forschungsarbeit ist die Bedeutung, die einer "Verbundenheit" auf verschiedenen Ebenen (intrapersonal, interpersonal, kontextuell und transpersonal) zukommt. "Verbundenheit" hat dabei eine Funktion als Moderatorvariable in dem wechselseitigen Einfluss, den Kontext und Individuum aufeinander ausüben. Die mit dem Forschungsziel 3 angestrebte Validierung des Modells der "Psychologischen Deskriptoren einer Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit" erwies sich als erfolgreich. Es waren nach Analyse der erhobenen Daten nur relativ geringe Modifikationen erforderlich. Somit zeigten sich die PDKN als ein geeignetes Ordnungsschema für die Bildung von Kategorien, die einen adäquaten Forschungszugang zum Bereich einer Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit darstellen. Als heuristisches Orientierungsschema für den Gestaltungprozess einer gesellschaftlichen Transformation wurde das "Rad der Nachhaltigkeit" entwickelt. Dieses bietet mit seinen drei Ebenen (Systembedingungen, Umsetzung, menschliche Bedürfnisse) und der Möglichkeit der Kombination ihrer inhaltlichen Aspekte, Anregungen und Orientierung für Theorie und Praxis. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit sind besonders relevant im Hinblick auf die derzeit entstehende "Transformationsforschung", bei der u.a. die transformativen Potentiale von "Pionieren des Wandels" für breitere gesellschaftliche Kontexte erforscht werden soll. Ökodörfer können hierbei hervorragend als "Reallabore für die Transformation" fungieren. Für die Generierung von übertragbarem Transformationswissen, steht dafür weitere Elaborierung an, sowohl des Forschungsfeldes, wie auch der strukturellen Geeignetheit von Ökodörfern für transdisziplinäre Forschungskooperation. ; For this dissertation eight intentional communities in the form of ecovillages were examined to gain insights about their attempts to create a "culture of sustainability". The research focused on psychological and social aspects of sustainability. Due to the spare state of the art concerning research about ecovillages as well as cultural aspects of sustainability an explorative research designs using qualitative methods was decided on. To investigate in and to describe the transition towards a culture of sustainability a model named "Psychological Descriptors of a Culture of Sustainability (PDCS) was established. The study includes explorative aims (reconstruction and examination of structures and attempts of designing a culture of sustainability) as well as confirmatory aspects (validation and modification of the PDCS). Three research objectives were named: The first one (RO1) were set to gain knowledge about the design of a culture of sustainability in ecovillages. The second objective (RO2) is dealing with the transaction between the environment and the individual concerning "sustainable" experience and behavior. The third objective (RO3) was to validate the PDCS and to generate a scheme for orientation towards the design of a culture of sustainability. Review of literature, analysis of documents and field research (interviews and participant observation) formed the set of methods. Main part of analysis were the transcription and interpretation of 42 semi-structured interviews. To show similarities and differences of the investigated ecovillages three detailed case studies are presented (Ecovillage Sieben Linden, Germany; Ecovillage at Ithaca, USA; Twin Oaks Intentional Community, USA). Concerning the RO1, elements and dynamics of a transition towards a culture of sustainability were gained through contrasting the eight case studies. Thereby six realms of implementation evolved: a) social structures – living together, b) technical – material realm, c) art and aesthetic, d) norm and values – collective representations, f) institutional – political realm. Concerning the RO2 it became obvious that the setting of an ecovillage creates valences for acting towards sustainability. That means "sustainable" experience and behavior is getting normal for people in ecovillages and is no longer only an act of voluntary. This process is transactional, because the inhabitants of ecovillages are also shaping the context by their experiences and behaviors. One of the results of this study is the importance of "connectedness", conceptualized on four levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, contextual, transpersonal). Connectedness seems to have a function as a moderator in the reciprocal relation between environment and individual. The PDCS were validated as very functional and only few modifications took place. As a heuristic scheme for the design of a culture of sustainability the "Wheel of Sustainability" (WoS) were generated. The results of this study are eminently relevant concerning the developing "transformation research", in which the transformative potentials of "pioneers of change" for wider social contexts are examined. Ecovillages could therefore, despite further elaborations of ecovillages and ecovillage research are necessary, serve pretty well as "laboratories for transformation".