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BACKGROUND: An estimated 2.8 million neonatal deaths occur annually worldwide. The vulnerability of newborns makes the timeliness of seeking and receiving care critical for neonatal survival and prevention of long-term sequelae. To better understand the role active referrals by community health workers play in neonatal careseeking, we synthesize data on referral completion rates for neonates with danger signs predictive of mortality or major morbidity in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in May 2014 of the following databases: Medline-PubMed, Embase, and WHO databases. We also searched grey literature. In addition, an investigator group was established to identify unpublished data on newborn referral and completion rates. Inquiries were made to the network of research groups supported by Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives project and other relevant research groups. RESULTS: Three Sub-Saharan African and five South Asian studies reported data on community-to-facility referral completion rates. The studies varied on factors such as referral rates, the assessed danger signs, frequency of home visits in the neonatal period, and what was done to facilitate referrals. Neonatal referral completion rates ranged from 34 to 97 %, with the median rate of 74 %. Four studies reported data on the early neonatal period; early neonatal completion rates ranged from 46 to 97 %, with a median of 70 %. The definition of referral completion differed by studies, in aspects such as where the newborns were referred to and what was considered timely completion. CONCLUSIONS: Existing literature reports a wide range of neonatal referral completion rates in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia following active illness surveillance. Interpreting these referral completion rates is challenging due to the great variation in study design and context. Often, what qualifies as referral and/or referral completion is poorly defined, which makes it difficult to aggregate existing data to draw appropriate conclusions that can inform programs. Further research is necessary to continue highlighting ways for programs, governments, and policymakers to best aid families in low-resource settings in protecting their newborns from major health consequences.

Abstract Background An estimated 2.8 million neonatal deaths occur annually worldwide. The vulnerability of newborns makes the timeliness of seeking and receiving care critical for neonatal survival and prevention of long-term sequelae. To better understand the role active referrals by community health workers play in neonatal careseeking, we synthesize data on referral completion rates for neonates with danger signs predictive of mortality or major morbidity in low- and middle-income countries. Methods A systematic review was conducted in May 2014 of the following databases: Medline-PubMed, Embase, and WHO databases. We also searched grey literature. In addition, an investigator group was established to identify unpublished data on newborn referral and completion rates. Inquiries were made to the network of research groups supported by Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives project and other relevant research groups. Results Three Sub-Saharan African and five South Asian studies reported data on community-to-facility referral completion rates. The studies varied on factors such as referral rates, the assessed danger signs, frequency of home visits in the neonatal period, and what was done to facilitate referrals. Neonatal referral completion rates ranged from 34 to 97 %, with the median rate of 74 %. Four studies reported data on the early neonatal period; early neonatal completion rates ranged from 46 to 97 %, with a median of 70 %. The definition of referral completion differed by studies, in aspects such as where the newborns were referred to and what was considered timely completion. Conclusions Existing literature reports a wide range of neonatal referral completion rates in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia following active illness surveillance. Interpreting these referral completion rates is challenging due to the great variation in study design and context. Often, what qualifies as referral and/or referral completion is poorly defined, which makes it difficult to aggregate existing data to draw appropriate conclusions that can inform programs. Further research is necessary to continue highlighting ways for programs, governments, and policymakers to best aid families in low-resource settings in protecting their newborns from major health .

BACKGROUND: An estimated 2.8 million neonatal deaths occur annually worldwide. The vulnerability of newborns makes the timeliness of seeking and receiving care critical for neonatal survival and prevention of long-term sequelae. To better understand the role active referrals by community health workers play in neonatal careseeking, we synthesize data on referral completion rates for neonates with danger signs predictive of mortality or major morbidity in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in May 2014 of the following databases: Medline-PubMed, Embase, and WHO databases. We also searched grey literature. In addition, an investigator group was established to identify unpublished data on newborn referral and completion rates. Inquiries were made to the network of research groups supported by Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives project and other relevant research groups. RESULTS: Three Sub-Saharan African and five South Asian studies reported data on community-to-facility referral completion rates. The studies varied on factors such as referral rates, the assessed danger signs, frequency of home visits in the neonatal period, and what was done to facilitate referrals. Neonatal referral completion rates ranged from 34 to 97 %, with the median rate of 74 %. Four studies reported data on the early neonatal period; early neonatal completion rates ranged from 46 to 97 %, with a median of 70 %. The definition of referral completion differed by studies, in aspects such as where the newborns were referred to and what was considered timely completion. CONCLUSIONS: Existing literature reports a wide range of neonatal referral completion rates in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia following active illness surveillance. Interpreting these referral completion rates is challenging due to the great variation in study design and context. Often, what qualifies as referral and/or referral completion is poorly defined, which makes it difficult to aggregate existing data to draw appropriate conclusions that can inform programs. Further research is necessary to continue highlighting ways for programs, governments, and policymakers to best aid families in low-resource settings in protecting their newborns from major health consequences.

This research is placed in the city of Korça (southeastern Albania). It focuses on Këngë Korçare (Korça's songs), a repertoire that anchored in place from the early 1900s as outcome of urban changes (the city played a special role in the historical and cultural events of the region and of the Albanian nation during that period) and as a consequence of mobility, migration, regional interconnections, and westernization. Since then, it made an 'active' singing tradition close to urban repertoires like Kantadhes, Neapolitan songs, Dalmatian town songs, and Fado. My dissertation investigates the historical development of these songs from their anchoring in place up to the early 1990s. It studies the practice, the protagonists, musical behaviors, and recording legacies. Bordering the fields of popular music and urban ethnomusicology, these narratives show also the changeable traits through time of notions like tradition, folklore, and popular music. The socio- political situation of Albania during this period is integral to this study. Central however in the narratives is the musical culture of a local life-world and its interconnectedness with regional, interregional, national, and Mediterranean contexts.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has experienced a cycle of violence over time, which has taken the form of interethnic competition, and civil wars and has become one of the worst humanitarian crises. Faced with an extremely violent peace process, especially in the eastern part of the country, sustainability and peacebuilding have been key points in the intervention plans proposed by international organizations. The peace process has made positive progress in halting regional hostilities, but the humanitarian crisis is far from being over, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs estimates that 27 million people will need humanitarian aid in 2022. DRC continues to face overlapping crises, extreme poverty, famine, poor governance, corruption, violence in the eastern part of the country, sexual abuse, and blatant human rights violations.In addition to the strategies proposed by international actors (for example, South Africa, the Southern African Development Community - SADC, the African Union, the United Nations, and the European Union), mainly having a regional approach, actions must start at a micro-level, a local intervention aimed at ending ethnic rivalries. Despite the efforts of international actors, the local approach has not yet been effectively implemented. Starting from the demographic and socio-economic context of the DRC, we propose an analysis of the evolution of the Congolese state, focusing on the conflict situation in the late 1990s, the unfolding of conflicts, and how African states and the international community have tried to restore peace. How effective the proposed strategies have been, what are the current issues and why are there no significant results in stabilizing the internal situation of the Congolese state?

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction Past Insights and Future Directions: Studies of Stratification in Israel -- Part 1: The Role of Education in the Stratification Process -- 1. Second Generation Jewish Immigrants in Israel: Have the Ethnic Gaps in Schooling and Earnings Declined? -- 2. Segregation, Tracking, and the Educational Attainment of Minorities: Arabs and Oriental Jews in Israel -- 3. Exploring the Persistence of Academic Achievement Gaps: Social Differentials in Family Resource Returns in Israel -- 4. Concentrated Disadvantage and Access to Educational Credentials in Arab and Jewish Localities in Israel -- Part 2: Class and Intergenerational Process -- 5. Class Structure in Israel: From Statehood to the 1980s -- 6. Class Mobility in Israeli Society: A Comparative Perspective -- 7. The Transformation of the Kibbutz: From a Classless to a Class Society -- 8. The Impact of Parental Transfers on Living Standards of Married Children -- Part 3: The Ethnic Organization of the Labor Market -- 9. Expanding the Split Labor Market Theory: Between and within Sectors of the Split Labor Market of Mandatory Palestine -- 10. The Power and Limits of Ethnonationalism: Palestinians and Eastern Jews in Israel, 1974-1991 -- 11. Incorporation without Integration: Palestinian Citizens in Israel's Labor Market -- 12. Migration Regimes, Intra-State Conflicts, and the Politics of Exclusion and Inclusion: Migrant Workers in the Israeli Welfare State -- Part 4: Gender in the Stratification Process -- 13. Gendering Military Service in the Israel Defense Forces -- 14. Earnings Gaps between Israel's Native-Born Men and Women: 1982-1993 -- 15. Job Search, Gender, and the Quality of Employment in Israel

On November 10, 1995, Michael Cantú, Carlos Olivera and Enrique Mendoza were ejected from the "Old Town Pump" tavern in the Yakima Valley, Washington, for speaking Spanish. This rural area is known for its growing Mexicana-o/Latina-o population and its major agricultural productions. Immediately after the incident, the three men filed a civil action lawsuit against the tavern owner for discrimination. Considering the changing racial-ethnic demographics of Yakima and other rural communities as well as the court system's negative treatment of Mexican Americans in the United States, I examine the politics of race and language in the "Old Town Pump" court case. This is accomplished through a critical analysis of court transcripts, local newspaper articles, court testimonies and an interview from a local radio station. I argue that the legal system and larger community of the Yakima Valley used racialized language to depict the three Mexican males as "criminals," thus highlighting ways in which language and racial differences underlie race, class and gender tensions in the Yakima Valley community. ; Vasquez, Cecilia A. Martinez and Jose M. Alamillo. In the U.S.A. -- It's English or Adios Amigo: The Politics of Race and Language in the Yakima Old Town Pump Court Case. WSU McNair Journal. Volume 1 (Fall 2001), p 26-32.

La población humana actual de Argentina y de Latinoamérica en general es el resultado de cinco siglos de contacto entre los nativos americanos y las poblaciones migrantes, principalmente de Europa y Africa. En estudios llevados a cabo previamente por nuestro grupo en el Mu-seo de Antropología de la Universidad Nacional de Cór-doba, se determinó en 13 poblaciones rurales de Córdoba y San Luis que aproximadamente el 80% de los genomas mitocondriales analizados eran de origen amerindio. En el presente trabajo nos propusimos determinar la proceden-cia continental de los linajes maternos en aquellos indi-viduos que no presentaron haplogrupos amerindios. Para ello se analizó el ADN de 98 individuos por PCR-RFLP en dos marcadores mitocondriales que sirven de diagnós-tico de origen étnico-geográfi co. Los resultados indican que en las muestras poblacionales de Córdoba existe en promedio, un 16% de haplogrupos europeos y un 8% de linajes africanos, mientras que en San Luis la incidencia es de 9% y 3%, respectivamente. Los análisis estadísticos no arrojaron diferencias signifi cativas en la distribución de linajes maternos entre poblaciones dentro de cada pro-vincia. Por el contrario, las diferencias entre los totales muestrales de ambas provincias son estadísticamente sig-nifi cativas, hecho que sugiere que los límites políticos y las historias particulares de cada provincia infl uyeron en la composición actual de sus poblaciones. Córdoba fue desde la época colonial un importante centro económico y comercial y esto se refl eja en un componente mayor de ADN no amerindio (tanto europeo como africano) compa-rado con San Luis. La comparación entre pares de pobla-ciones de la provincia de Córdoba, por otra parte, muestra algunas diferencias regionales en la distribución de linajes europeos y africanos entre las poblaciones del área serrana y las de la llanura, hecho que parece refl ejar diferencias en los movimientos migratorios ocurridos en el pasado reciente. ; The human population of Argentina and Latin America in general is the result of fi ve centuries of contact between the Native Americans and migrant populations, mainly from Europe and Africa. In earlier studies conduc-ted at the Museum of Anthropology of the Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, it was found in 13 rural villages of Cordoba and San Luis that approximately 80% of the analyzed mitochondrial genomes were of Amerindian ori-gin. In the present study we investigated the continental origin of maternal lineages in those individuals analyzed in that study who had no Native American haplogroups. With this purpose we analyzed the DNA of 98 individuals by PCR-RFLP in two mitochondrial markers employed for diagnosis of ethnic-geographical origins.The results indicate that the sample of Cordoba possesses, on ave-rage, 16% of European haplogroups and 8% of African lineages, while in San Luis the incidence is 9% and 3%, respectively. Statistical analysis yielded no signifi cant di-fferences in the distribution of maternal lineages among populations within each province. On the contrary, the differences between the total sample in both provinces are statistically signifi cant, suggesting that the political boundaries and histories of each province infl uenced on the current composition of the populations. Córdoba was in the colonial times a major economic and commercial center, and this is refl ected in a greater foreign DNA com-ponent (both European and African) when compared to San Luis.The comparison between pairs of populations in the province of Cordoba, on the other hand, shows some regional differences in the distribution of European and African lineages between the populations from the moun-tains area and the plains, which seem to refl ect differences in the migratory movements in the recent past. ; Fil: Pauro, Maia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Museo de Antropología.; Argentina ; Fil: García, Angelina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Museo de Antropología.; Argentina ; Fil: Bravi, Claudio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; Argentina ; Fil: Demarchi, Dario. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Museo de Antropología.; Argentina

1. Formal and informal institutions in the construction of transnational lives : a study of Mexican and Mexican American experiences in San Antonio, Texas-a Mexican-majority U.S. city / Harriett D. Romo -- 2. Looking north and the immigrant's social imaginary / Ricardo Ainslie and Daphny Dominguez Ainslie -- 3. Latino immigrants : transnationalism, patterns of multiple citizenships, and social capital / John A. Garcia -- 4. The political consequences of Latino immigrant transnational ties / Adrian D. Pantoja [and others] -- 5. From naturalized citizen to voter : the context of naturalization and electoral participation in Latino communities / Louis Desipio -- 6. At home abroad? The Dominican diaspora in New York City as a transnational political actor / Adrian Pantoja -- 7. U.S. and Mexican schools as regulators of dropout rates for Chicano students / Raymond V. Padilla -- 8. Eligibility, enrollment, utilization : barriers to public insurance access among Latino families in the age of welfare and health care reform / Adela de la Torre [and others] -- 9. Cultural sensitivity or cultural innovation? A review of interventions to improve enrollment of Latino immigrant children in public insurance programs / Adela de la Torre [and others] -- 10. Policy actors and the immigration policy process / Lisa Magaña -- 11. Rhetoric and realities : American immigration policy after September 11, 2001 / Rodolfo Espino and Rafael A. Jimeno -- 12. Indecent proposal? The rise and success of Arizona Proposition 200 / Sylvia Manzano -- 13. Proposition 200 in Arizona : déjà vu all over again / Manuel Avalos and Lisa Magaña -- 14. Are anti-immigrant statements racist or nativist? What difference does it make? / Rene Galindo and Jami Vigil -- 15. Latino youth activists in the age of globalization / Maria de los Angeles Torres -- 16. The emerging community leadership and transnational politics of Mexican national immigrants in New England / Martha Montero-Sieburth.

In a country like Guatemala, with a long history of contentious politics and internecine violence, the telling of history often becomes a debate over "truth" and the "authority" to tell it. For the people most affected by the violence of war, garnering international humanitarian attention is vital and the way in which it was done in this country proved to be polemical. In the 1980s, testimony became a tool of resistance against violence and oppression. Testimony as a tool transformed in the postwar period. It became both a method of collective healing and social justice, as well as an alternative way of constructing a history of violence. This thesis explores testimonio's transformation through a comparative analysis of three important texts : Rigoberta Menchú's testimonio and two truth commission reports known as the CEH report and the REMHI project. All three texts show the socio- historical importance of inscribing subjective and affective versions of "historical truth" into narratives of Guatemala's violent past

PurposeThis study aims to test a model of pay satisfaction and argue that the income‐pay satisfaction relationship depends on one's love of money and how one compares.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates: a direct path (income → total pay satisfaction); an indirect path (income → the love of money → pay equity comparison → total pay satisfaction) using a structural equation model (SEM) based on 210 full‐time employees; and the model across race and gender in multi‐group analyses.FindingsThe paper finds that for the whole sample, there was one significant path (pay equity comparison → total pay satisfaction). Since African‐Americans ($32,073.15) and women ($32,400.58) tended to have lower income than Caucasians ($37,180.73) and men ($38,287.97), respectively, income significantly increased the importance of the love of money for African‐Americans and females, but not for Caucasians and males. The love of money to pay equity comparison path was not significant. Income was not related to pay satisfaction. Results of the direct path alone showed that income contributes to pay satisfaction for the whole sample, male and female employees, and Caucasians, but not for African‐Americans.Research implications/limitationsIf people do not use the love of money to judge pay equity comparison, their income does not lead to low pay satisfaction. The sub‐samples are small.Originality/valueThis paper shows the importance of including the love of money in understanding pay satisfaction.

The extent to which levels and trends in local unemployment and income influenced the Conservative vote in 633 separate British constituency elections in 1983 is estimated in several regression models. Sensitivity analysis (the use of several models to illuminate the research problem posed) suggest that, unlike America congressional elections, current rates and trends in local unemployment and income exerted a substantial and systematic influence on constituency voting. (Abstract amended)

Routledge Readings on Northeastern India: Colonial Encounters, Customary Practices, Gender, Livelihoods presents some of the finest essays on a region that stretches across the Northeastern Himalaya, eight Indian States and many tribal and non-tribal peoples. With a lucid new Introduction, it covers a vast range of issues and offers a compelling guide to understanding the northeastern India, from colonial and missionary encounter to contemporary security and developmental issues in South Asia. The book covers several critical themes and unravels the complexities fraught by the unique biogeography and socio-political history of the region. The fifteen chapters in the volume, divided into three sections, examine gender, community: customary law and practices, land, agriculture, livelihoods, work, health, and education. This multi-disciplinary volume interweaves geography and history, culture and politics; the contested construction of identities, communities and nationalities; the political interplay of ethnicities and resource appropriation in a modernizing, globalizing economy; conflicts and violence in highly-militarized spaces. It includes engaged and insightful perspectives from major authors who have contributed to the academic and/or policy discourse of the subject. Routledge Readings on Northeastern India brings together a cluster of key readings to capture important research directions, policy suggestions, current trends, and aspects of history and future trajectories in the humanities and social sciences. It will serve as essential reading for students, scholars, policymakers, practitioners and the general reader interested in a nuanced understanding of India's northeastern region, and especially those in South Asian studies, Northeast India studies, area studies, history, politics and international relations, labour studies, conflict and peace studies, gender studies, sociology and social anthropology. It will also appeal to those interested in public administration, development studies, environmental studies, law and human rights, regional literature, cultural studies, population studies, geography, and economics.

Als eines der erfolgreichsten Popmusikgenres bildet Gangstarap gesellschaftliche Konfliktlinien ab wie kaum eine andere symbolische Ordnung. Aus intersektionaler Perspektive und informiert durch Kritische Theorie und Cultural Studies entwickelt das Buch vier Argumente: Die kulturellen Formen des Gangstarap sind Ort eines Kampfes um Anerkennung in der postmigrantischen Gesellschaft, Ausdruck kompensatorischer Aufstiegsphantasien und Prekarisierungskritik, Versuch der Aktualisierung hegemonialer Männlichkeit sowie ein ›Boundary Object‹ pluraler Gesellschaften.

Most political scientists assume thatAmerican presidents seek to optimize their chances of reelection and to maximize their policy preferences in strategic negotiations with their rivals. Presidents, however, have also been pressed throughout history to restrain their self‐aggrandizing aims when confronted with what they take to be exigencies of governance. This article examines the governing challenges met by presidents of the early national and antebellum periods, and argues that the distinctive conditions of governance that defined the pre–Civil War polity motivated a pattern of unionist presidential restraint, prompting presidents to refrain from direct applications of federal coercion and to balance the interests of geographic sections of the Union. Presidents' preoccupation with unionism, this article argues, was ever present in this period. The article examines a diverse set of case studies to make this argument and concludes with a discussion of how changes wrought by the Civil War led to the emergence of new patterns of restraint exercised by subsequent generations ofAmerican presidents.