Suchergebnisse

Résumé En bonne méthode, l'évaluation doit être la même pour tous mais cette équité de principe ne suffit pas à éviter une sélection biaisée. Il apparaît ainsi qu'elle privilégie de plus en plus largement les disciplines « dures » au détriment des sciences humaines dans un domaine comme le sport, présenté précisément ici. Comment maintenir une approche pluridisciplinaire si ces écarts s'aggravent ?

Special Issue : Isabella Löhr and Hannes Siegrist (eds.) ; International audience For thirty years scientific institutions have been engaged in a process of propertisation through the strengthening of intellectual property in science. In fact, the relationship between science, intellectual property rights and the economic spheres have ever been neither stable nor continuous. Therefore a historical inquiry is necessary to understand the meaning and the practice of scientific property from the middle of 19th century to WW II. In this paper, the relationship between scientific authorship and property appears as a mean to promote the scientific work and its professionalization. Moreover, through the study of the French case, the place of science in the patent system is taken into account in order to understand, at last, the international controversy about scientific property during the interwar period.

With the cessation of apartheid in 1994, social transformation was one of the key objectives of the democratic South Africa. In light of this, the South African government believed that mass education would develop a democratised mindset amongst the country's citizens. History and Geography were identified as two subjects that could promote the desired societal transformation and were thus combined into one learning area: Social Sciences. The concept underpinning this learning area was integration. The notion of integration takes different forms in the literature, and these are explored here. This study explored teachers' views on integration in relation to Social Sciences. Responses from semi-structured interviews indicated that integration in Social Sciences varied as conceptual, physical and social processes. The study results revealed that integration in Social Sciences is devoid of metanarratives, as there was a degree of discongruity in teachers' views of integration in Social Sciences. Despite this, inherent commonalities were evident in their responses in terms of disciplinary proficiency, issues of diversity and engagement in a globalised world. These were reflected in the participants' responses as being important to explore when integrating History and Geography in Social Sciences. ; https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v14i2.482

This article argues that a mix of different values guides contemporary scientists and engineers in their work. The conventional dichotomy between academic science and technological research and development is hereby transcended. However, on the analytical level distinctions between different kinds of research activities are considered helpful. Three sets of norms that define different categories of research activities are presented: The CUDOS ethos that defines academic science, the PLACE set of norms that defines industrial and military technological research, and the 'ISYP Ideal' that defines 'grassroots science' – a scientific endeavour that explicitly addresses the problems facing humanity. This analytical tool (i.e. the three sets of norms) is used to analyse the activities of International Student/Young Pugwash.

Gaëtan Flocco interviewe Pierre Lantz, philosophe et sociologue, qui a fait partie des pionniers de la revue L'homme et la société . L'échange restitué ici est l'occasion de revenir sur les origines de la revue, ses objectifs politiques et théoriques, ses conditions de création et de fonctionnement ou encore ses figures marquantes. Le récit circonstancié de Pierre Lantz permet en particulier d'appréhender les évolutions notables subies par L'homme et la société au cours de ces cinquante années. D'abord, sur le plan institutionnel, en se dotant par exemple d'un comité de rédaction comprenant de nombreux membres ; mais aussi sur un plan plus théorique et thématique, en s'ouvrant notamment à d'autres influences que le marxisme. Ces multiples inflexions ont eu lieu sans pour autant renoncer à ce qui semble avoir été la marque de fabrique de la revue dès ses débuts, celle d'allier la science et le politique, c'est-à-dire d'orienter la compréhension du monde dans la perspective de son émancipation.

AbstractThis is the beginning of Network Science. The journal has been created because network science is exploding. As is typical for a field in formation, the discussions about its scope, contents, and foundations are intense. On these first few pages of the first issue of our new journal, we would like to share our own vision of the emerging science of networks.

Economists need to understand some fundamental aspects of science in order to measure and analyse the process of technological change. This book explores the interrelationships between economics, science and technology in order to find ways of improving economists' approaches to technical change. Dr Payson begins by offering a scientific critique of economic discourse and presents a unique, unconstrained and critical view of the behavioral differences between economists and scientists. The economic literature on technological change is analysed in order to assess economists' approach to science. The author then offers concrete solutions for the useful economic study of technological change including alternative methods of classifying data based on scientific principles, a characteristics approach to measuring physical capital, and a futuristic exploration into how artificial intelligence may improve economics

Looking at science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields across countries challenges the assumption that women in more economically and culturally modern societies enjoy greater equality. Rather, freedom to choose a career may paradoxically cause women in affluent Western democracies to construct and replicate stereotypically gendered self-identities.

Canada's 2018-2020 National Action Plan on Open Government includes a milestone (milestone 5.5) that tasks Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), with support from the Science-based Departments and Agencies (SBDAs), to develop and publish indicators for measuring the benefits of open science for Canadians by June 2019. Herein is a list of proposed benefit indicators currently under consideration by the SBDA Open Science Metrics Working Group. Section 1 presents proposed core benefit indicators for implementation by every SBDA. Section 2 includes proposed supplementary indicators for implementation by interested SBDAs. The indicators included in Sections 1 and 2 allow measuring benefits that open science can provide to academics and researchers, industry, governments, and the public in general. These and other proposed indicators will undergo further development as part of the process to implement the final set of indicators to be used to measure the benefits of open science for Canadians. Therefore, the inclusion of an indicator at this stage does not guarantee its selection in the final set of indicators to be reported on. Additionally, it is possible that elements identified as core indicators could be changed to supplementary indicators. By June 2020, an indicators report on the benefits of open science for Canadians will be published and will present the final set of indicators along with first year results.