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SHS-Award for the best book in Ancient History in 2022 of the Polish Society for Ancient Studies. Richly illustrated with citations from ancient authors, the book Sparta introduces the reader to the universe of a polis which in the fifth and fourth century BC was a Greek superpower. Part I describes Sparta's political institutions and mechanisms of governance, the structure of its society, the family, education, lifestyle and, naturally, the organization of the Spartan army and military life. Part II is an outline of the history of Sparta, and Greece, in the two centuries when the polis was at the peak of its influence, extending also into the period of its waning. The book closes with an analysis of 'imaginary Sparta' and the ways the Spartan legend has been employed in the shaping of various identities from the early modern era to the present.

There is a dynamic and growing energy in Indonesia focusing on parenting education, particularly for low-SES families. However, little is known about parenting styles and related outcomes, much less the coverage and effectiveness of various parenting education approaches. In 2013, the Government of Indonesia commissioned the World Bank to review existing programs and make recommendations to strengthen its parenting education system. This report synthesizes international research while providing detailed information on the seven agencies currently providing parenting education programs in Indonesia, collected from interviews, reports, and data presentations in 2013 and early 2014. Four government ministries and three non-governmental organizations currently offer programming: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Social Affairs, Family Planning Board, Plan, Save the Children, and World Vision. The report notes the commonalities in current program structures and approaches, then articulates recommendations to create a more cohesive and effective system with adequate coverage. In terms of content, authors recommend that providers choose a narrow and meaningful set of messages for respective programs, and enhance content for particularly vulnerable families, such as those with children with disabilities or dealing with chronic illness, natural disaster, conflict, and so forth. To strengthen program design and delivery, eight recommendations emerge, such as articulating measurable goals, ensuring active learning, encourage in-session practice, improving training and compensation for facilitators, and increasing the use of technology. The report includes a matrix of short-term (1-2 years) and medium-term (3-5 years) steps to build a coordinated system of parenting education that involves four areas of action: (1) create the framework; (2) develop an enabling environment; (3) conduct the research; and (4) implement and refine programming. Steps are both simultaneous and sequential and should lead to increased coverage and quality of programs within 5 years.

Caption title: Report of the Committee on education of the New York city council of political reform upon compulsory education. ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on math and science education, focusing on: (1) the key efforts undertaken by the Department of Education, the National Institutes of Health, and the nine federal agencies under the purview of the House Committee on Science that support the development and dissemination of comprehensive kindergarten through 12th-grade mathematics and science curriculum materials and the characteristics of these efforts; (2) the extent to which federal agencies coordinated their efforts to develop and disseminate these materials; and (3) the extent to which agencies assessed the quality and use of these materials."

This paper presents problem solving using heuristics and operational research in order to make appropriate decisions in emergency situations with a particular emphasis on the application of a heuristic model of team training for emergency situations. It is intended for military command and teaching personnel as well as for civil defense personnel (Department of Emergency Management) and local government authorities (administrative district chiefs and mayors commanders). The heuristic approach to problem solving should enable adequate decision making for command staff from the local to the national level after the proclamation of emergency and a state of emergency in some regions or the whole territory of Serbia. ; This paper presents problem solving using heuristics and operational research in order to make appropriate decisions in emergency situations with a particular emphasis on the application of a heuristic model of team training for emergency situations. It is intended for military command and teaching personnel as well as for civil defense personnel (Department of Emergency Management) and local government authorities (administrative district chiefs and mayors commanders). The heuristic approach to problem solving should enable adequate decision making for command staff from the local to the national level after the proclamation of emergency and a state of emergency in some regions or the whole territory of Serbia.

"LoveSex and Relationships introduces a pleasure-focused rather than reproductive model of sex, exploring how our brains, minds, bodies, and emotions interact to create our experience of sexuality. This book challenges the cultural commodification of sex and sexuality, and it encourages the reader to experience 'being sexual' rather than 'doing sex' or 'looking sexy'. This is crucial to our development of sexual self-esteem, particularly in the digital era of pornography, dating and hookup apps. Bringing the material of the first edition up to date, chapters include anatomical diagrams and social commentary with a focus on trauma and Polyvagal Theory. Diversity and cultural changes are also addressed, including a more expansive understanding of gender identity, and greater awareness of the impact of power and rank in sexual relationships. Lastly, each chapter features a new partnered exercise alongside every solo exercise from the first edition. The book's accessible language makes it a valuable resource for sex and relationship therapists and trainees, general mental health and sex/relationship professionals, and clients themselves"--

This research used deductive qualitative approach through a case study. The data was collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The data was analyzed by using technique of data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and verification. The accountability of an organization perceives a hierarchical relationship and follows the report format provided by the superior in reporting the accountability report. The accountability report of Education Service Department of Makassar was done once in three months. Meanwhile the accountability reports from schools sometimes were delayed since the disbursement of free education fund was delayed too. Bureaucracy accountability can be seen from the achievement of the objectives and goals of accountability in the implementation of free education system at the Education Service Department of Makassar. The achieved objectives are the accountability reports of every elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school /vocational school from public and private institutions in Makassar. While the achieved target is the realization of disbursement of free education budget to every elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school/ vocational school either in public sector or in private sector can be used properly with reference to juklak and juknis of implementation of free education program at Makassar Education Service Department.

Stable social organization in a wide variety of organisms has been linked to kinship, which can minimize conflict due to the indirect fitness benefits from cooperating with relatives. In birds, kin selection has been mostly studied in the context of reproduction or in species that are social year round. Many birds however are migratory and the role of kinship in the winter societies of these species is virtually unexplored. A previous study detected striking social complexity and stability in wintering populations of migratory golden-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla)--individuals repeatedly form close associations with the same social partners, including across multiple winters. In chapter one I test the possibility that kinship might be involved in these close and stable social affiliations. I examine the relationship between kinship and social structure for two of the consecutive wintering seasons from the previous study. I found no evidence that social structure was influenced by kinship--relatedness between most pairs of individuals was at most that of first cousins (and mostly far lower) and Mantel tests revealed no relationship between kinship and pairwise interaction frequency. Kinship also failed to predict social structure in more fine-grained analyses, including analyses of each sex separately (in the event that sex-biased migration might limit kin selection to one sex) and separate analyses for each social community. The complex winter societies of golden-crowned sparrows appear to be based on cooperative benefits unrelated to kin selection. Although the complex social structure detected in wintering golden-crowned sparrows is not predicted by kinship, genetic variation may play a role in variation of winter social traits. In chapter two, I investigate the genetic causes of variation in fitness-related traits in a winter population of golden-crowned sparrows. Individuals show great variation in morphological and behavioral traits that may play a role in winter dominance and ultimately survival. I found that individuals that were more heterozygous--based on internal relatedness measures reflecting individual genetic variation--were more socially dominant, had larger gold crown patches (which predict social dominance in some contexts) and had stronger social connections within their social networks. Although the underlying mechanism driving the HFCs detected in this study is unknown, the detection of moderate correlations between an individual's heterozygosity level and social dominance, winter plumage, and sociality is interesting. Theses traits connect in important ways to winter social behavior, suggesting that these HFC analyses detected true relationships. It is therefore feasible that more heterozygous individuals are more socially dominant because they may be, for example, better foragers and have energy to expend on aggressive behaviors. Another reasonable explanation for the relationship between heterozygosity and social dominance could be that more socially dominant birds could be older; heterozygosity might be linked to longevity. Although a physiological mechanism is unknown in sparrows, it is possible that plumage may reflect the general quality (e.g., better immune function) of the individual. As with social dominance, "core" individuals of a community (i.e., individuals that are more likely to be found flocking with other birds of their community) may also be older or higher quality individuals. "Core" individuals interact and have contact with others in the community and may therefore be at higher risk of encountering disease, parasite, and pathogens. If this measure of heterozygosity reflects immune function heterozygosity, then more heterozygous individuals may be more likely to be "core" individuals. The recent focus on preparing students to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields have resulted in educational researchers investigating how best to support this goal. Government and private funding has been directed to STEM internship programs (particularly at the undergraduate level). These internship programs are designed to provide workplace opportunities as well as provide support from the program to acquire skills needed by students to transition from school to the workforce. Most of this support has been developed (by internship programs and researchers) in the sciences. Engineers are in high demand and universities and internship programs are tasked with preparing more engineering students to be professional engineers. Our development of the Solution Articulation Framework (SAF), supports learners' (interns) acquisition of argumentation skills in engineering; engaging in argumentative practices promotes content knowledge and communication skills in many disciplines but has not been explored deeply in the engineering education literature. We focused our attention on improving learners' engineering argumentation practices with a particular emphasis on articulation of engineering solutions.In chapter three, I identify a critical component (functional requirements) to effectively articulating a proposed engineering solution and offer an operational definition along with suggestions for implementing these ideas in engineering education. My findings were immediately used to revise our SAF and warrants further research on other components of the SAF. The research in this chapter advances the emerging research field in engineering education by highlighting the importance and difficulties associated with teaching argumentation skills in engineering.

In a comprehensive study of two-hundred fifty homeschooling families in urban, rural and suburban areas of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the researcher examined all aspects of the instruction, materials and curricula employed by the families in a ten-year longitudinal study from 1998 through 2008. The researcher conducted interviews and gathered questionnaire data from: 1) all of the families in the sample in 1998, and 2) those families still residing within the same designated district in 2008. Significant changes occurred in the demographical data and the families' instructional programs. Within the methods/materials/curriculum data, increases occurred in the: 1) use of prepared curricula (religious and non-religious), 2) the acquisition of more textbooks from local school districts, 3) use of the public library, 4) technology applications, 5) consultation with instructional specialists/teachers, and 6) greater networking with other homeschooling families. In their pooling of resources, sharing of expertise, and communicating with other homeschooling families, the homeschoolers had upgraded and diversified their choices of pedagogy and their modalities for delivering instruction.

English
This article reviews developments in UK higher education in the light of the central tenets of Third Way theory. It contends that, although they build on Tory policies grounded in neo-liberal and mainstream management theory, New Labour policies differ significantly, not least in combining an emphasis on sound public finance and strong public services. The article sees specific higher education policies as strong embodiments of Third Way principles and suggests that they provide the best way forward for a higher education that matches the needs of the 'global knowledge economy' and enhances social inclusion and social justice.