Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Is market and economic globalization factors of peace ? What kind of peace? What are the links between market and democracy? What are the sector of competence of States or international organisations? Is globalization a process for the long run? Conflicts are not confined to arms production, but also find expression in economic, political and cultural domination. In an increasingly interdependent world, geopolitical considerations involve a definition of security that is both economic and military. Underdevelopment is a threat to world peace. And despite the internationalization of financial markets and the increasing importance of international trade, it is not still true that national economies are completely dominated by a global economy governed by world market forces.

International audience ; Is market and economic globalization factors of peace ? What kind of peace? What are the links between market and democracy? What are the sector of competence of States or international organisations? Is globalization a process for the long run? Conflicts are not confined to arms production, but also find expression in economic, political and cultural domination. In an increasingly interdependent world, geopolitical considerations involve a definition of security that is both economic and military. Underdevelopment is a threat to world peace. And despite the internationalization of financial markets and the increasing importance of international trade, it is not still true that national economies are completely dominated by a global economy governed by world market forces.

PurposeThis study examines how the representation of women and people of color on nonprofit boards relates to CEO gender and race.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the 2020 data of 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations in a Southeastern U.S. state. It employs the seemingly unrelated bivariate probit regression to simultaneously estimate the two equations for CEO gender and race.FindingsThe findings show that the proportion of board members of color is positively associated with having a CEO of color and a female CEO. The proportion of female board members is positively associated with having a female CEO, but not with having a CEO of color.Practical implicationsThe lack of a positive connection between women's representation on the board and having a CEO of color may be attributable to the pervasive and systematic Whiteness in nonprofit leadership. The findings suggest that nonprofit boards reflect on the current executive hiring policies and practices to address existing racial biases or barriers.Originality/valueThis study's findings reveal that the descriptive representation of women and people of color in the governing board is closely linked to their substantive representation in the form of selecting a woman or a person of color as the CEO. The findings also suggest an interconnection between the representation of people of color on the board and having a female CEO. However, women's representation on the board is not related to having a CEO of color.

Bread and Autocracy focuses on the political role of food in post-Soviet Russia. In less than twenty years, Putin's Russia moved from heavily relying on imports to feed the population to being one of the world's leading food exporters. The authors provide a comprehensive analysis of this transformation, as well as its causes and consequences for Russia's domestic politics and foreign policy. They argue that Russia's food independence agenda is an outcome of a deliberate, decades-long policy to better prepare the country for a confrontation with the West. Moreover, they show that for the Kremlin, nutritional self-sufficiency and domestic food production is a crucial pillar of state security and regime survival.

Intro -- BENEFITS AND COSTS OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND UNFUNDED MANDATES -- BENEFITS AND COSTS OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND UNFUNDED MANDATES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 2011 REPORT TO CONGRESS ON THE BENEFITSAND COSTS OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND UNFUNDED MANDATES ON STATE, LOCAL,AND TRIBAL ENTITIES -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- PART I: 2011 REPORT TO CONGRESS ON THE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS -- Introduction -- I: THE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS -- A. Estimates of the Aggregated Annual Benefits and Costs of Regulations Reviewed by OMB over the Last Ten Years -- 1. In General -- 2. EPA Air Rules -- 3. Rules that Decrease Compliance Costs -- 4. Qualifications -- B. Trends in Annual Benefits and Costs of Regulations Reviewed by OMB over the Last Ten Years -- C. Estimates of the Benefits and Costs of Major Rules Issued in Fiscal Year 2010 -- 1. Major Rules Issued by Executive Agencies -- 2. Major Rules Issued by Independent Agencies -- D. The Impact of Federal Regulation on State, Local, and Tribal Governments, Small Business, Wages, and Economic Growth -- 1. Impacts on State, Local, and Tribal Governments -- 2. Impact on Small Business -- 3. Impact on Wages and Employment -- a. Labor market regulations -- b. Environmental Regulation -- c. Economic regulation -- 4. Impact on Economic Growth -- II: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REFORM -- A. Executive Order 13563 -- B. Improving Analysis -- 1. Quantification, nonquantifiable variables, and breakeven analysis -- a. Quantification and its limits -- b. Transparency -- c. Prioritization and breakeven analysis -- 2. Cost-per-life-saved of Health and Safety Regulation -- 3. Private vs. social benefits and losses -- C. E-Rulemaking: Improving the Regulatory Process -- D. Regulatory Cooperation -- E. Public Recommendations on Retrospective Analysis

This article explores the impact of judicial empowerment on social movement politics and public policy using a case study of the lesbian and gay rights movement in Canada before and after the 1982 constitutional entrenchment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The expanded role of courts in the Canadian political system has had substantial effects on public policy in the lesbian and gay rights area over a twenty-year period, putting Canada in the forefront of this area of human rights.

The study of EU enlargement has not paid sufficient attention to domestic impacts in accession countries & how these might complicate the process. The arguments for looking at this problem are greater than ever before given the EU is more demanding of such countries over prior conditions & the scope & degree of European policy implementation before membership may take place, compared with previous enlargements. Furthermore, countries in Central & Eastern Europe (CEE) are undergoing multiple transformations with economic change, & in some cases, state- & nation-building alongside political democratization. On the other hand, political consensus over EU membership is distinctly broader in CEE countries compared with previous cases of accession. The article therefore concentrates on the strength of this consensus & how far it should withstand the increased pressures that will come as accession negotiations advance. To this end, a four-part analytical framework is developed & then applied in more detail to CEE. It looks successively at: (a) historical, motivational, & cultural factors; (b) governance; (c) the political arena; &, (d) the socioeconomic arena. It concludes that while Europeanization pressures on domestic politics have been significant & fairly extensive, interactions between different levels within domestic politics have so far been restrained. On the other hand, risks may come from a growing gap between political elites & mass opinion in what are still fragile new democracies & from any serious delay in accession dates. Adapted from the source document.