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The puzzle of authoritarian elections -- Authoritarian capacities and regime stabilization through elections -- State capacity and the effect of elections in authoritarian regimes -- Economic control and the effect of elections in authoritarian regimes -- State capacity, economic control, and two divergent elections in Malaysia and the Philippines -- Electoral ups and downs, state capacity, and economic control in Zimbabwe -- Conclusion: authoritarian elections, capacities, and regime stability

The article shows the systematic mistake in the form of underestimation of project budget revenues. It is accompanied by the artificial increase in budget deficit which causes excessive borrowings and debt growth while in fact budget surplus takes place. It is proved that state borrowing and saving of assets in the sovereign funds (Reserve Fund and National Wealth Fund) lead to a combination of negative effects related to both deficit and surplus budgets: artificial slowdown of economic growth and increase in expenses for debt service.

The general topic of this work is the stabilizing influence of appropriate fiscal policies on the economy's dynamics. In this thesis, stabilization policies are understood as a means to lower or rule out the likelihood of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. The first chapter examines, in a real economy, the stabilizing properties of linearly progressive income taxes, resembling the tax codes with brackets that prevail in many developed countries. The second chapter highlights the fact that the stabilizing (counter-cyclical) influence of income tax progressivity is weakened with the introduction of a realistic fiscal scheme allowing firms to deduct maintenance and repair expenditures when calculating pre-tax profits. The third chapter studies the impact of income taxation in a monetary economy with heterogeneous agents. The analysis confirms the idea that fiscal progressivity lowers the probability of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. However, in such a monetary frame, in contrast with the real economies pictured in the first two chapters, it is shown that even high levels of tax progressivity can not completely rule out the occurrence of endogenous fluctuations. Eventually, the last chapter investigates how fiscal policy can affect aggregate volatility and growth in credit constrained economies. In an endogenous growth model combining capital market frictions with unequal access to investment opportunities across individuals, it is shown that an appropriate fiscal policy, even linear, consisting of taxing labor income and organizing transfers towards innovating investment, is able to remedy the shortage of funding for these investments during slumps, stabilize the economy's dynamics and place it on a sustained permanent growth path. ; Cette thèse a pour thème central l'influence stabilisatrice de politiques de taxation appropriées sur la dynamique économique. La stabilisation est ici entendue comme la possibilité d'atténuer voire d'éliminer, par de telles politiques, la probabilité d'apparition de ...

The general topic of this work is the stabilizing influence of appropriate fiscal policies on the economy's dynamics. In this thesis, stabilization policies are understood as a means to lower or rule out the likelihood of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. The first chapter examines, in a real economy, the stabilizing properties of linearly progressive income taxes, resembling the tax codes with brackets that prevail in many developed countries. The second chapter highlights the fact that the stabilizing (counter-cyclical) influence of income tax progressivity is weakened with the introduction of a realistic fiscal scheme allowing firms to deduct maintenance and repair expenditures when calculating pre-tax profits. The third chapter studies the impact of income taxation in a monetary economy with heterogeneous agents. The analysis confirms the idea that fiscal progressivity lowers the probability of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. However, in such a monetary frame, in contrast with the real economies pictured in the first two chapters, it is shown that even high levels of tax progressivity can not completely rule out the occurrence of endogenous fluctuations. Eventually, the last chapter investigates how fiscal policy can affect aggregate volatility and growth in credit constrained economies. In an endogenous growth model combining capital market frictions with unequal access to investment opportunities across individuals, it is shown that an appropriate fiscal policy, even linear, consisting of taxing labor income and organizing transfers towards innovating investment, is able to remedy the shortage of funding for these investments during slumps, stabilize the economy's dynamics and place it on a sustained permanent growth path. ; Cette thèse a pour thème central l'influence stabilisatrice de politiques de taxation appropriées sur la dynamique économique. La stabilisation est ici entendue comme la possibilité d'atténuer voire d'éliminer, par de telles politiques, la probabilité d'apparition de ...

The general topic of this work is the stabilizing influence of appropriate fiscal policies on the economy's dynamics. In this thesis, stabilization policies are understood as a means to lower or rule out the likelihood of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. The first chapter examines, in a real economy, the stabilizing properties of linearly progressive income taxes, resembling the tax codes with brackets that prevail in many developed countries. The second chapter highlights the fact that the stabilizing (counter-cyclical) influence of income tax progressivity is weakened with the introduction of a realistic fiscal scheme allowing firms to deduct maintenance and repair expenditures when calculating pre-tax profits. The third chapter studies the impact of income taxation in a monetary economy with heterogeneous agents. The analysis confirms the idea that fiscal progressivity lowers the probability of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. However, in such a monetary frame, in contrast with the real economies pictured in the first two chapters, it is shown that even high levels of tax progressivity can not completely rule out the occurrence of endogenous fluctuations. Eventually, the last chapter investigates how fiscal policy can affect aggregate volatility and growth in credit constrained economies. In an endogenous growth model combining capital market frictions with unequal access to investment opportunities across individuals, it is shown that an appropriate fiscal policy, even linear, consisting of taxing labor income and organizing transfers towards innovating investment, is able to remedy the shortage of funding for these investments during slumps, stabilize the economy's dynamics and place it on a sustained permanent growth path. ; Cette thèse a pour thème central l'influence stabilisatrice de politiques de taxation appropriées sur la dynamique économique. La stabilisation est ici entendue comme la possibilité d'atténuer voire d'éliminer, par de telles politiques, la probabilité d'apparition de ...

The general topic of this work is the stabilizing influence of appropriate fiscal policies on the economy's dynamics. In this thesis, stabilization policies are understood as a means to lower or rule out the likelihood of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. The first chapter examines, in a real economy, the stabilizing properties of linearly progressive income taxes, resembling the tax codes with brackets that prevail in many developed countries. The second chapter highlights the fact that the stabilizing (counter-cyclical) influence of income tax progressivity is weakened with the introduction of a realistic fiscal scheme allowing firms to deduct maintenance and repair expenditures when calculating pre-tax profits. The third chapter studies the impact of income taxation in a monetary economy with heterogeneous agents. The analysis confirms the idea that fiscal progressivity lowers the probability of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. However, in such a monetary frame, in contrast with the real economies pictured in the first two chapters, it is shown that even high levels of tax progressivity can not completely rule out the occurrence of endogenous fluctuations. Eventually, the last chapter investigates how fiscal policy can affect aggregate volatility and growth in credit constrained economies. In an endogenous growth model combining capital market frictions with unequal access to investment opportunities across individuals, it is shown that an appropriate fiscal policy, even linear, consisting of taxing labor income and organizing transfers towards innovating investment, is able to remedy the shortage of funding for these investments during slumps, stabilize the economy's dynamics and place it on a sustained permanent growth path. ; Cette thèse a pour thème central l'influence stabilisatrice de politiques de taxation appropriées sur la dynamique économique. La stabilisation est ici entendue comme la possibilité d'atténuer voire d'éliminer, par de telles politiques, la probabilité d'apparition de ...

Purpose With the opening up of the economy since the 1959 Economic Stabilization Plan, was it the production of electricity that drove the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) in Spain or, on the contrary, was it the growth of GDP that drove the production of electricity well into the 21st century? The purpose of this paper is to answer this question. Design/methodology/approach A cointegration approach based on the studies conducted by Pesaran and Shin (1999) and Pesaran et al. (2001) is applied, as it is suitable for short data series like those used in this paper. Findings The results of this paper allow us to conclude that electricity production boosted economic growth in Spain during the period under study, confirming the growth hypothesis. Research limitations/implications The results of this paper should be interpreted with caution, as electricity today amounts to less than a quarter of the total amount of energy used in Spain. It was not possible to incorporate other inputs to the production function (such as other energy inputs, technological or human capital), but the methodology used avoids the problems of omitted variables and of autocorrelation. Practical implications The results show that a small economy with limited resources, such as the Spanish one, is more vulnerable to energy shocks than other energy-sufficient economies. As Spain is a country with high energy dependence from abroad, the government must first ensure the electricity supply. Increased availability and access to different sources of electricity will improve the outlook for the Spanish economy. Conversely, a shortage in supply of electricity will constrain the regular pace of economic growth. Social implications Spain should investigate and explore more efficient and cost-effective sources of energy, in particular the renewable energies, as traditional energy sources will be scarce before long. Originality/value This paper differs from previous ones carried out for Spain in several aspects: it considers a broader period of time, ...