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This article offers a Gramscian response to the theory of post-hegemony, suggesting that its rejection of Gramsci rests on misrepresentations of his work. Through a closer engagement with this work, the article outlines the ways in which Gramscian analysis can in fact complement the insights of post-hegemony in analysing the ways in which the social order is secured and the strategies of resistance to this order. This combination of Gramscian and post-hegemonic insights, the article argues, offers a more nuanced and comprehensive insight into power, radical politics and resistance in the twenty-first century, an insight which risks being lost in post-hegemony's rejection of Gramsci and his work. The utility of this combined approach is illustrated via four short vignettes from contemporary Latin America: the emergence of the student protest movement in Chile since 2011; the Caracazo in Venezuela; the Argentine crisis in 2001; and the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela.

Global defense spending is $US1753 billion annually or approximately 2.5% of the world GDP. Significant time and resources is spent in training 28 million defense personnel worldwide. Much of this training on land takes place within specifically designated military training areas (MTAs). Globally, the size of the MTA estate is likely to be very large, but just how large is unknown. Our preliminary analyses has identified that MTAs cover at least 1% of the Earth's surface. This figure is believed to be closer to 5–6% as no verifiable data exist for the majority of Africa, South America and Asia. MTAs occur in all major global ecosystems and have the potential to increase the global protected area network by at least 25%. MTAs therefore have an important complementary role to play in global conservation. However public policy makers, the scientific community, government agencies, and nongovernment organizations have largely ignored MTAs as a conservation resource. To realize the potential major contribution to conservation that MTAs can play we propose four key policy changes: (1) better document the environmental values of MTAs, (2) develop integrated MTA land management models, (3) increase dedicated financial resources for the land management of MTAs, and (4) strengthened global leadership to manage MTAs as an environmental resource.

Central to the internationalization of competition law has been the emergence of transnational networks of competition officials and experts. These networks have operated in three main areas: co-ordination on enforcement; technical assistance; and moves to develop overarching competition principles at the level of the WTO. The debate over the nature of internationalization of competition norms has fallen into three phases: early failures mainly due to the lack of any network; politicization of competition policy within a UN context followed by the emergence of a network primarily focused on the OECD. The current phase concerns coordination and the attempt to develop a competition law regime at the WTO level. This process is spearheaded by the European Union, with the United States of America favouring bilateral agreements on enforcement and technical assistance only. The way the debate has changed over the past ten years and how the two main protagonists have modified their positions, is indicative of the influence and importance of networks which, while they may give rise to formal agreements, can operate through soft power and persuasion. What emerges from the analysis is the centrality of these networks to this important aspect of contemporary international governance. They supplement rather than replace more traditional forms of internationalism and, while they may fundamentally regard themselves as technocratic, deriving legitimacy from outputs, current pressures on international policy making require them to attend to the process aspects associated with legitimacy of democratic regimes.

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Arts of Bard College. This project investigates into the development of a black artistic identity in the 20th century. Beginning with the exoticizing of the African aesthetic in the works of Picasso and the modernists in the early 1900s, that claimed the black body for themselves. It is then reclaimed by the performance style of Josephine Baker, who defied social normativity in becoming a major figure in the surge of Jazz in 1920s France. It then moves onto the work of Langston Hughes who brought the black literary voice into focus, not only in America, but on a global scale. His contribution is one of introducing the global narrative of individualism in a circumstance of oppression. Out of this we move to the political nature of Fela Kuti, a rebel and a nonconformist, whose music brought the world the image of a modern Africa that was going to approach modernism in its own way. The final piece of the puzzle lies with Afrika Bambaataa and the creation of the Zulu Nation as a spearhead for the coming of conscious rap in the late 1980s and '90s. In this we witness a movement that emphasized that before any sort of communal shift to take place, it first had to manifest on a personal level. These are examples of artists that belong to a canon of selfless artists, each contributing to the development and enlarging of the worlds perspective on what is a black artist.

История становления Канады как суверенного государства неразрывно связана с историей английской (позже британской) колониальной империи. Изначально земли, составившие затем Канаду, являлись периферийными территориями континентальных владений английской Короны в Северной Америке. Прежде всего, к ним относились владения Компании Гудзонова залива, полуостров Новая Шотландия и остров Ньюфаундленд. Оплотом же английского присутствия в Новом Свете оставались колонии Новой Англии, которые вслед за метрополией активно враждовали с расположенными по соседству колониями Франции. Длительный период англо-французских войн в итоге завершился поражением Франции и включением ее владений (Луизианы, Новой Франции) в состав английской колониальной империи. Территория будущей Канады стала частью обширного политико-правового пространства, которое некоторые исследователи именуют британо-американской колониальной империей. С социально-экономической точки зрения это ничего не изменило - указанные земли по-прежнему оставались малоразвитой периферией колоний Новой Англии. Никаких предпосылок к формированию здесь собственных институтов государственности не существовало. В ходе начавшейся войны за независимость жители колонии Квебек (бывшей Новой Франции), полуострова Новая Шотландия и острова Ньюфаундленд по разным причинам не поддержали восставшие колонии, поэтому именно на эти территории перебрались многочисленные сторонники единства английской империи (так называемые лоялисты). Это привело к образованию ряда новых колоний, таких как Верхняя Канада, Ньюбрансуик, Остров принца Эдуарда. Все вместе они составили Британскую Северную Америку - в противоположность Соединенным Штатам Америки. Важно подчеркнуть, что даже к середине XIX века Британская Северная Америка оставалась конгломератом разрозненных, малозаселенных, экономически слаборазвитых территорий, находившихся как в непосредственном владении английской Короны, так и под властью частных компаний. Их превращение в самоуправляемую федерацию, безусловно, отражало интересы формировавшейся торгово-экономической элиты указанных колоний. Однако в неменьшей степени это происходило под воздействием «фактора США» и тех либерально-демократических изменений, которые происходили в самой метрополии. Исследуя комплекс конкретно-исторических факторов, определявших характер процесса становления Канады как суверенного государства, автор в данной статье анализирует формально-юридические особенности системы власти и управления, сложившейся в рамках британской колониальной империи, а также ключевые положения доктрины английского права, относившиеся к институту Короны, статусу имперского парламента и колониальных органов управления. Подчеркивается тезис о том, что эволюция Канады от совокупности «королевских» колоний к самоуправляемой федерации в статусе доминиона и обретение затем статуса королевства осуществлялись на основе постепенно вырабатывавшихся конституционных конвенций, т.е. политической практики, что оставляет открытым для интерпретаций вопрос о том, когда же именно Канада обрела статус суверенного государства. ; The history of the establisment of Canada as a sovereign state is inseparably linked with the history of the English (later British) colonial empire. Initially land amounting then to Canada, are peripheral areas of the continental possessions of the British Crown in North America. First of all, they include the possession of Hudson's Bay, Nova Scotia peninsula and the island of Newfoundland. A stronghold of the British presence in the New World colonies were New England, which followed the metropolis actively at odds with the neighboring colonies of France. The long period of Anglo-French wars culminated in the defeat of France and inclusion of its holdings (Louisiana, New France) to the British colonial empire. The territory of the future of Canada became part of a vast political and legal space, which some researchers call the British-American colonial empire. On the socio-economic point of view nothing has changed these lands were still underdeveloped periphery of the colonies of New England. There had no prerequisites to the formation here of their own institutions of statehood. In the course of the war for the independence of the inhabitants of the colony of Quebec (the former New France), the peninsula of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, for various reasons did not support the rebellious colonies, so many supporters of the unity of the British Empire (the so-called loyalists) moved to these areas. This led to the formation of a number of new colonies, such as Upper Canada, Nyubransuik, Prince Edward Island. Together, they accounted for British North America in contrast to the United States. It is important to emphasize that even in the middle of the XIX century British North America remained a conglomerate of disparate, sparsely populated, economically underdeveloped areas, both in the immediate possession of the British Crown, and under the control of private companies. Their transformation into a self-governing federation certainly reflected the interests of the nascent trade and economic elite of these colonies. However, this was no less exposed to "US factor" and the liberal-democratic changes that took place in the metropolis itself. Exploring the complex of concrete historical factors that determine the character of the process of establishing Canada as a sovereign state, the author of this article analyzes the formal and legal aspects of the system of power and administration, established under the British colonial empire, as well as the key points of the doctrine of English law, refers to the institution of the Crown, Parliament and the status of imperial colonial government. Emphasized is the idea that the evolution of Canada from the set of "royal" to the self-governing colonies of the federation in the status of dominion and then gaining the status of the kingdom carried out on the basis of gradual development of constitutional conventions of political practice that leaves open to interpretation the question of when exactly Canada acquired the status of a sovereign state.

El pasado mes de abril se celebró en Pamplona la IV Bienal de Arquitectura Latinoamericana BAL2015. Una convocatoria que tras su cuarta edición se consolida como lugar de encuentro de la arquitectura joven del continente americano. Con la participación de los doce equipos seleccionados para la presente edición, provenientes de siete países, y abierta a la participación de los bienalistas anteriores que suman dos países más, fueron en total treinta los equipos que tuvieron ocasión de presentar y exponer sus trabajos, convirtiendo a Pamplona por unos días en una celebración del mejor presente de la arquitectura emergente latinoamericana y anticipadora de su futuro inmediato. Como novedad de la presente edición el programa contó con extensiones en Madrid y Barcelona. ; Last April, while international focus on modern Latin American architecture of the past was firmly placed on the ambitious exhibition held by the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the Fourth Latin American Architecture Biennial, BAL 2015, was held in Pamplona. In its fourth year, the Biennial has gained momentum as a meeting point for celebrating the fresh, new architecture of Latin America. Twelve teams from seven countries (Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru) were chosen to participate in this edition. Teams from two prior participating countries (Uruguay and Paraguay) also attended. A total of 30 teams from nine countries had the opportunity to present and describe their projects. For a few days, Pamplona was a celebration of the best of today's emerging Latin American architecture and provided a glimpse of what its immediate future might look like. The Biennial lasted three days and included lectures, roundtable discussions, exhibitions and cultural visits. For the first time, the program included additional activities in Madrid and Barcelona. In 2009, the Latin American Architecture Biennial (BAL) was created to present, in Spain, recent, noteworthy examples of the professional output of young Latin American architects (not yet 40). As a space in which bonds can be tightened and distances shortened, the Biennial is a strong, sound counterpoint to similar events in the English-speaking world. It is held in odd-numbered years so as not to coincide with the Spanish government's Spanish-American Biennial Fair of Architecture and Town Planning (BIAU). With the growing support of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, the BAL is being integrated more fully into the BIAU's formal structure so that the critical focus can be placed on each level of intervention making up the complete Spanish-American panorama at the BIAU. This makes it possible to explore the experiences of several recent teams from all over Latin America who have managed to develop their own architectural discourse and have taken on the task of turning the dream of building a continent into a reality. This global strategy of the BAL aims to build bridges between Latin America and Spain and to consolidate the event as the biennial of young Latin American architecture. This year, with Mexico as the invited guest, a traveling monographic exhibition curated by Miquel Adrià was held on Mexican architecture with the support of the Mexican Embassy and the Cultural Institute of Mexico in Spain. It will on display in Madrid in June before traveling to Latin America. Mexico was also the main topic of the lectures and roundtable discussions by Carlos Sambricio, Andrea Griborio, Alberto Campo Baeza and Miquel Adrià. The Latin American Architecture Biennial is an initiative of the AS20 research group at the University of Navarra's School of Architecture. It is sponsored by the University of Navarra, the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, the Pamplona City Council, the Association of Towns in Pamplona County and the Navarre branch of the Basque- Navarrese Institute of Architects Association.

Este homenaje se justifica no solo por la indudable e internacionalmente reconocida importancia histórico-jurídica de la mencionada escuela, sino por el relevante papel que sus enseñanzas, renovadas, están jugando en la actualidad en el país todo. Pero además es dable destacar que sus creadores y cultores mas paradigmáticos, son nativos de esta ciudad, en donde desarrollaron sus enseñanzas y plasmaron sus ideas en numerosos proyectos legislativos, muchos de los cuales hoy son derecho positivo vigente en Córdoba y en toda Argentina, a la vez que son tomados esencialmente en cuenta por países extranjeros empeñados en procesos de reformas legislativas que mejoren el funcionamiento de la justicia penal. ; Índice: Agradecimiento p. 9 -- Antecedentes De Este Libro p. 11 -- Adhesión De La Municipalidad De Córdoba p. 13 -- DERECHO PROCESAL PENAL p. 15 -- Cafferata Nores, José I., Paradigma Convencional De Proceso Penal Para America Latina Y El Caribe, p. 17 -- Cafferata Nores, José I. – Bianciotti, Daniela, ¿Puede El Derecho Procesal Penal Hacer Algún Aporte Para La Prevención De Los Delitos De Genero? p. 37 -- Bella, Gabriela Y Davies, Maximiliano, Duración Razonable Del Proceso: Hasta Cuándo Vamos A Discutir, p. 49 -- Chiara Díaz, Carlos, Significación Actual Del Juicio Con O Por Jurados En Materia Penal, p. 85 -- Erbetta, Daniel, La Reforma Procesal Penal En La Provincia De Santa Fe: Un Paso Necesario Para Democratizar La Justicia, p. 95 -- Gorgas, Milagros, El Interlocutorio Sobre La Pena En El Nuevo Código Procesal Penal De La Nación, p. 115 -- Hairabedián, Maximiliano, Admisibilidad De Preguntas Indicativas Y Sugestivas En La Prueba Testimonial, p. 125 -- Lucero, Inés, Las Dilaciones Indebidas Y El Abuso De Derechos En El Proceso Penal A La Luz De La Normativa Supranacional. -- Martínez, Santiago, En El Camino Correcto. Comentario Al Fallo "Loyo Fraire" De La Corte Suprema De Justicia De La Nación, p. 141 -- Pérez Barberá, Gabriel, La Prueba Como Información Y La "Autodeterminación Informacional" Como Derecho Fundamental Del Imputado, p. 179 -- Riquert, Marcelo A., Los Principios Internacionales De Derechos Humanos Sobre La Vigilancias De Las Comunicaciones Y La Persecución Del Enemigo En El Ciberespacio, p. 205 -- Solimine, Marcelo, El "Riesgo Judicial": Argumento Subterráneo Para Fundar La Prisión Preventiva. El Problema De Los "Jueces Asustados", p. 225 -- Rissi, Valeria P., Efecto Suspensivo Del Recurso De Casación Contra La Prisión Preventiva Ordenada Por Sentencia De Condena No Firme (Novedades Y Repercusiones), p. 249 -- Zambiazzo, Mauricio G., Decisión Y Exceso Ritual (Entre La Irracionalidad Y La Irrelevancia De Las Reglas), p. 265 -- DERECHO PENAL , p. 283 Aboso, Gustavo Eduardo, Los Delitos De Distribución De Imágenes Pornográficas De Menores, Organización De Espectáculos Pornográficos Con Menores De Edad, Facilitación De Acceso Y Suministro De Material Pornográfico (Art. 128 Del Cód. Penal), p. 285 -- Arocena, Gustavo A. Y Cesano, José Daniel, La Prisión Domiciliaria Como Alternativa Para Situaciones Especiales Prevista Por La Ley 24.660: Cuestiones Generales Y Algunas Hipótesis En Particular, p. 321 -- Buompadre, Jorge, Genero, Violencia, Explotación Y Prostitución. Una Visión Critica De La Política Criminal Argentina En Las Recientes Reformas Al Código Penal, Con Especial Referencia A La Ley Nº 26.842 De Prevención Y Sanción De La Trata De Personas Y Asistencia A Sus Víctimas, p. 361 -- Elbert, Carlos Alberto, "La Racionalidad De Las Penas En La Era Global", p. 387 -- Rusconi, Maximiliano, La Libertad Entre Realidad Y Conciencia: ¿Un Nuevo Desafio Para El Derecho Penal De Culpabilidad?, p. 399 -- Terragni, Marco Antonio, Federalismo Y Sistema Penal, p. 419

According to the report published by the online protection firm Iovation in 2012, cyber fraud ranged from 1 percent of the Internet transactions in North America Africa to a 7 percent in Africa, most of them involving credit card fraud, identity theft, and account takeover or h¼acking attempts. This kind of crime is still growing due to the advantages offered by a non face-to-face channel where a increasing number of unsuspecting victims divulges sensitive information. Interpol classifies these illegal activities into 3 types: • Attacks against computer hardware and software. • Financial crimes and corruption. • Abuse, in the form of grooming or "sexploitation". Most research efforts have been focused on the target of the crime developing different strategies depending on the casuistic. Thus, for the well-known phising, stored blacklist or crime signals through the text are employed eventually designing adhoc detectors hardly conveyed to other scenarios even if the background is widely shared. Identity theft or masquerading can be described as a criminal activity oriented towards the misuse of those stolen credentials to obtain goods or services by deception. On March 4, 2005, a million of personal and sensitive information such as credit card and social security numbers was collected by White Hat hackers at Seattle University who just surfed the Web for less than 60 minutes by means of the Google search engine. As a consequence they proved the vulnerability and lack of protection with a mere group of sophisticated search terms typed in the engine whose large data warehouse still allowed showing company or government websites data temporarily cached. As aforementioned, platforms to connect distant people in which the interaction is undirected pose a forcible entry for unauthorized thirds who impersonate the licit user in a attempt to go unnoticed with some malicious, not necessarily economic, interests. In fact, the last point in the list above regarding abuses has become a major and a terrible risk along with the bullying being both by means of threats, harassment or even self-incrimination likely to drive someone to suicide, depression or helplessness. California Penal Code Section 528.5 states: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person who knowingly and without consent credibly impersonates another actual person through or on an Internet Web site or by other electronic means for purposes of harming, intimidating, threatening, or defrauding another person is guilty of a public offense punishable pursuant to subdivision [.]". IV Therefore, impersonation consists of any criminal activity in which someone assumes a false identity and acts as his or her assumed character with intent to get a pecuniary benefit or cause some harm. User profiling, in turn, is the process of harvesting user information in order to construct a rich template with all the advantageous attributes in the field at hand and with specific purposes. User profiling is often employed as a mechanism for recommendation of items or useful information which has not yet considered by the client. Nevertheless, deriving user tendency or preferences can be also exploited to define the inherent behavior and address the problem of impersonation by detecting outliers or strange deviations prone to entail a potential attack. This dissertation is meant to elaborate on impersonation attacks from a profiling perspective, eventually developing a 2-stage environment which consequently embraces 2 levels of privacy intrusion, thus providing the following contributions: • The inference of behavioral patterns from the connection time traces aiming at avoiding the usurpation of more confidential information. When compared to previous approaches, this procedure abstains from impinging on the user privacy by taking over the messages content, since it only relies on time statistics of the user sessions rather than on their content. • The application and subsequent discussion of two selected algorithms for the previous point resolution: – A commonly employed supervised algorithm executed as a binary classifier which thereafter has forced us to figure out a method to deal with the absence of labeled instances representing an identity theft. – And a meta-heuristic algorithm in the search for the most convenient parameters to array the instances within a high dimensional space into properly delimited clusters so as to finally apply an unsupervised clustering algorithm. • The analysis of message content encroaching on more private information but easing the user identification by mining discriminative features by Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. As a consequence, the development of a new feature extraction algorithm based on linguistic theories motivated by the massive quantity of features often gathered when it comes to texts. In summary, this dissertation means to go beyond typical, ad-hoc approaches adopted by previous identity theft and authorship attribution research. Specifically it proposes tailored solutions to this particular and extensively studied paradigm with the aim at introducing a generic approach from a profiling view, not tightly bound to a unique application field. In addition technical contributions have been made in the course of the solution formulation intending to optimize familiar methods for a better versatility towards the problem at hand. In summary: this Thesis establishes an encouraging research basis towards unveiling subtle impersonation attacks in Social Networks by means of intelligent learning techniques.

This one-day conference brought together scholars from across Europe and North America to discuss the relationship between governments and the environment in the early modern period. Papers discussed competing conceptions of environmental and climatic models and their use as instruments of control to justify a variety of social and economic interventions. With early career, established and leading scholars discussing environmental governmentality in global contexts, from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, the breadth of research at 'Ruling Climate' was testament to the vitality of the environmental humanities, and its current status as a leading movement in contemporary historical research.

Το Υγροποιημένο Φυσικό Αέριο (ΥΦΑ) είναι μία πιθανή λύση προκειμένου να ανταποκριθεί η παγκόσμια ναυτιλία στη νέα νομοθεσία που περιορίζει σημαντικά τις εκπομπές θείου από τα πλοία, αρχικά στην Β. Αμερική και τη Β. Ευρώπη το 2015. Η ναυτιλιακή βιομηχανία δείχνει αυξανόμενο ενδιαφέρον για τον ρόλο που θα παίξει το ΥΦΑ στην αγορά ναυτιλιακού καυσίμου καθώς και για τον χρόνο που αυτό θα πραγματοποιηθεί. Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εξετάζει τα πλεονεκτήματα και τις προκλήσεις σε ότι αφορά τον εφοδιασμό πλοίο με καύσιμο ΥΦΑ, εξετάζει την υφιστάμενη κατάσταση και διερευνά την πιθανότητα το ΥΦΑ να αντικαταστήσει το πετρέλαιο ως προτιμώμενο καύσιμο στη ναυτιλία. Η υιοθέτηση του ΥΦΑ ως καύσιμο εξαρτάται από σειρά εξελίξεων και προαπαιτούμενων, όπως π.χ. τις τεχνολογικές εξελίξεις και τις υποδομές στον τομέα του ανεφοδιασμού. Συνεπώς, εξετάζεται και η βραχυπρόθεσμη τάση ως προς την ανάδειξη του ΥΦΑ σε ναυτιλιακό καύσιμο. ; Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a potential solution for meeting new legislation that will significantly limit sulphur emissions from ships, firstly in North America and northern Europe in 2015. The shipping industry is increasingly interested in what role LNG will play in the marine fuels market and when. This dissertation looks at the advantages and challenges to LNG bunkering by examining the current situation and exploring the probability of LNG displacing oil as the preferred fuel in shipping. The uptake of LNG as a fuel will depend on a host of developments and prerequisites such as how bunkering infrastructure and technology proceeds. The development of LNG as a bunker fuel in the immediate future - not in the long term - is also examined.

Occasionally, internal and external pressures can result in police investigations going 'off track'. Cases that are initially difficult to solve or where the police have been subject to negative media attention, may be particularly susceptible to this. 'Off track' police investigations increase the risk of tunnel vision and case construction, where the focus is to build a case against a police suspect which is likely to ignore or reject evidence that points to that suspect's innocence. This article explores the problems associated with this by analyzing three fatal stabbings, from three different jurisdictions. The murder of a prominent politician in Sweden provides an example of good practice, in contrast to the murders of two young female victims, in California and England respectively, which provide examples of police investigations going 'off track'. The article concludes that courts in the United States of America (US) and in England and Wales (E&W) need to be more alert to substandard practices within investigations. In particular, courts need to acknowledge problems that can be expected to arise through case construction. The authors suggest a need for extreme caution when prosecuting cases based on circumstantial evidence alone, particularly where the crime itself is of such a nature that it could be expected to have left scientific evidence, and where the lack of such evidence may in fact undermine the circumstantial case against the suspect.

The International Handbook of Public Administration and Governance is a ground-breaking volume with eminent scholars addressing the key questions in relation to how international governments can solve public administration and governance challenges in an increasingly globalized world. With international coverage across Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, North and South America, the authors adopt contemporary perspectives of governance, including public policy capacity, wicked policy problems, public sector reforms, the challenges of globalisation and managing complexity. Practitioners and scholars of public administration, public policy and public sector management will be better informed with regard to the issues and structures of government and governance in an increasingly complex world.

La inclusión social y educativa se ha convertido en los últimos años en un reto para instituciones universitarias impulsando programas e iniciativas orientados a promover un modelo de Universidad donde cobre especial importancia la atención a la diversidad, y procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje más inclusivos. La presencia paulatina de este alumnado en los centros ha propiciado significativos cambios en lo que se refiere a normativa que lo legisle, a infraestructura que ayude a romper con las barreras arquitectónicas existentes, a aspectos curriculares, e incluso a fomentar una mayor sensibilización y formación entre los docentes.No obstante, a pesar de los avances que se han producido en la última década, aún son muchos los desafíos que tanto Europa como Latinoamérica deben enfrentar para hablar de espacios universitarios inclusivos. En el presente artículo se analiza la inclusión como necesidad de la sociedad en general, a partir de lo cual se realiza una descripción y una reflexión en torno a las perspectivas y desafíos de la inclusión socioeducativa en el ámbito de la Educación Superior, según el marco legislativo y las diferentes acciones que se vienen realizando para fomentar la inclusión y la igualdad de oportunidades en dos instituciones: Universidad Politécnica Salesiana de Ecuador y Universidad de Sevilla de España. // The social and educative inclusion have been turned into a challenge for University Institutions last years, boosting programs and initiatives oriented to promote a model of University, where the attention to diversity and more inclusive teaching and learning processes cover special importance. The gradual presence of these students in the institutions has led significant changes about rules to legislate, infrastructure which helps to break the existent architectural barriers, curricular aspects, foster a major awareness and training among teachers. Nevertheless, despite the advance which has been produced in the last decades, the challenges that Europe and Latin America should handle to talk about inclusive university are numerous. A reflection and a description about perspectives and challenges of social and educative inclusion in the field of higher education, is made in this paper, according to legislative framework and different actions that two institutions have been making to foster educative inclusion and equality of opportunities: Universidad Politécnica Salesiana from Ecuador and Universidad de Sevilla from Spain.

El escritor de ascendencia mexicana Richard Rodríguez es percibido en el ámbito de las literaturas minoritarias como una especie de perro verde y a que siempre ha mostrado un talante muy individualista (en lo religioso, lo étnico, lo político y lo sexual) o y lo sexual), en lugar de hacer frente común con diferentes colectivos. Su último trabajo, Brown: The Last Discovery of America, pone en evidencia que, más que elegir entre distintas opciones — escritor chicano frente a intelectual cosmopolita, homosexual frente a católico — él prefiere ese estado liminal en el que uno puede ser varias cosas, en apariencia irreconciliables, al mismo tiempo. Este artículo ofrece tanto un análisis de las complejas y a menudo "afrutadas" metáforas que Rodriguez emplea en su obra para abordar las difíciles situaciones en que sus distintos afectos le colocan, como un diálogo con el autor en el que nos ofrece breves reflexiones sobre la significación de esas metáforas en su obra. ; Chicano writer Richard Rodríguez has often been perceived as a strange fish in the field of minority literatures because he has repeatedly made a plea for individualism (in religious, sexual, ethnic, political and other affairs), instead of aligning with specific collectivities. Rodriguez's latest work, Brown: The Last Discovery of America, makes evident that, rather than choosing to be entirely one or the other—the Chicano writer or the mainstream scholar, the gay or the Catholic—, he prefers the liminal state of being many things at once. This article offers both an analysis of the complex and quite often "fruity" metaphors that Rodriguez employs in this work to grapple with the difficult positions into which his diverse allegiances bring him, and a conversation with the author in which he briefly elaborates on the significance of some of those metaphors.

This Article engages the two hundred year history of corporate constitutional rights jurisprudence to show that the Supreme Court has long accorded rights to corporations based on the rationale that corporations represent associations of people from whom such rights are derived. The Article draws on the history of business corporations in America to argue that the Court's characterization of corporations as associations made sense throughout most of the nineteenth century. By the late nineteenth century, however, when the Court was deciding several key cases involving corporate rights, this associational view was already becoming a poor fit for some corporations. The Court's failure to account for the wide spectrum of organizations labeled "corporations" became increasingly problematic with the rise of modern business corporations that could no longer be fairly characterized as an identifiable group of people acting in association. Nonetheless, the Court continued to apply the associational rationale from early case law and expand corporate rights into the realm of speech and political spending without careful analysis of when the associational approach would be appropriate. We set forth a theoretical framework that we believe is consistent with the underlying logic of the Court's jurisprudence, based on the concepts of derivative and instrumental rights. Specifically, we argue that the Court, to date, has not granted constitutional rights to corporations in their own right. Instead, it has granted rights to corporations either derivatively, when necessary to protect the rights of natural persons assumed to be represented by the corporation, or instrumentally, when necessary to protect the rights of parties outside the corporation. Further, we consider the implications that this framework, with a more nuanced view of the spectrum of corporations in existence, would have if applied to recent corporate rights cases, such as Citizens United. We believe this framework provides a principled path forward for the ...